酚類污染物的處理方法分析綜述考慮到上述酚類污染物給人類健康帶來的危害，科研工作者在研究高效廉價的技術(shù)方面投入了大量的工作并用來處理廢水中的酚類污染物。到目前為止，工業(yè)上處理含酚廢水主要包括化學(xué)法ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[13]、生化法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>許麗萍</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>214</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>214</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615711010">214</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">許麗萍</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">福建省漳州市環(huán)境集團</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">生化法污水處理技術(shù)探討</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">環(huán)境與發(fā)展</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>環(huán)境與發(fā)展</full-title></periodical><pages>50-51</pages><volume>32</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>污水處理</keyword><keyword>生化法</keyword><keyword>技術(shù)分析</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>2095-672X</isbn><call-num>15-1369/X</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]和物理化學(xué)法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>范榮桂</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>134</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>134</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615553903">134</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">范榮桂</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">高海娟</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">李賢</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">含酚廢水綜合治理新技術(shù)及其研究進展</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">水處理技術(shù)</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>水處理技術(shù)</full-title></periodical><pages>5-8</pages><volume>39</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>含酚廢水處理</keyword><keyword>高級氧化</keyword><keyword>吸附</keyword><keyword>生物處理技術(shù)</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1000-3770</isbn><call-num>33-1127/P</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]。1.1化學(xué)法化學(xué)法是指利用酚類污染物與化學(xué)物質(zhì)進行化學(xué)反應(yīng)來處理含酚廢水。其主要包括化學(xué)沉淀法、傳統(tǒng)氧化法和高級氧化法。（1）化學(xué)沉淀法化學(xué)沉淀法是在含酚廢水中添加某種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，使化學(xué)物質(zhì)與廢水中的污染物發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，從而生成難溶于水的鹽沉淀，再經(jīng)過過濾分離達到去除廢水中污染物的目的，一般存在后續(xù)處理難度大等問題。（2）傳統(tǒng)氧化法傳統(tǒng)氧化法是指在工業(yè)廢水中加入強氧化劑(如臭氧、次氯酸鈉、過氧化氫和高猛酸鉀等)，使其與水中污染物發(fā)生劇烈的氧化還原反應(yīng)，從而達到凈化廢水的目的。該技術(shù)相對操作工藝簡單，無二次污染，氧化能力強和處理效果好。Chen等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chen</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>135</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>135</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615554609">135</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chen,Jing</author><author>Qu,Ruijuan</author><author>Pan,Xiaoxue</author><author>Wang,Zunyao</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Oxidativedegradationoftriclosanbypotassiumpermanganate:Kinetics,degradationproducts,reactionmechanism,andtoxicityevaluation</title><secondary-title>WaterResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>WaterResearch</full-title><abbr-1>WaterRes.</abbr-1><abbr-2>WaterRes</abbr-2></periodical><pages>215-223</pages><volume>103</volume><number>15</number><keywords><keyword>Triclosan</keyword><keyword>Permanganate</keyword><keyword>Productidentification</keyword><keyword>Degradationpathway</keyword><keyword>Acutetoxicity</keyword><keyword>Frontierelectrondensity</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>2016/10/15/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0043-1354</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S004313541630553X</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.041</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]使用高錳酸鉀氧化降解二氯苯氧氯酚。在溫度為25℃，pH為8.0，二氯苯氧氯酚與高錳酸鉀的濃度比為1∶2.5的最佳條件下，濃度為20mg/L的二氯苯氧氯酚可以在120s內(nèi)完全氧化降解。Yang等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yang</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>136</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>136</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615554908">136</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yang,Jingjing</author><author>Zhao,Ji</author><author>Ma,Jun</author><author>Liu,Zheng-Qian</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SimultaneousoxidationofphenolandbisphenolAbypermanganate:Synergeticorcompetitiveeffect</title><secondary-title>SeparationandPurificationTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SeparationandPurificationTechnology</full-title><abbr-1>Sep.Purif.Technol.</abbr-1><abbr-2>SepPurifTechnol</abbr-2></periodical><pages>271-276</pages><volume>116</volume><number>15</number><keywords><keyword>Permanganate</keyword><keyword>Manganeseintermediates</keyword><keyword>Synergeticeffect</keyword><keyword>Competitiveeffect</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>2013/09/15/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1383-5866</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S138358661300347X</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.seppur.2013.05.054</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]使用高錳酸鹽氧化水中的苯酚和雙酚A。結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)苯酚和對酚A共存時，高錳酸鹽的氧化行為表現(xiàn)出與單獨的苯酚或?qū)Ψ覣氧化完全不同的行為。在弱酸性條件下(pH4.0–6.0)，由于高錳酸鹽的氧化過程中所產(chǎn)生的氧化錳，對苯酚和雙酚A的氧化速率均會加強。速率會隨對酚A初始濃度的增加而增加，隨pH的增加而減小，這與氧化錳的氧化能力一致。傳統(tǒng)氧化法雖然處理效果好，氧化速率快，但其成本較高，且氧化劑的效果受環(huán)境影響較大。因此，在實際酚類廢水處理中，傳統(tǒng)氧化法與其他方法聯(lián)用較為常見。（3）高級氧化法高級氧化技術(shù)AOPs(AdvancedOxidationProcess)是指在高溫高壓和催化劑等條件下，利用水溶液中所產(chǎn)生的強氧化性羥基自由基氧化酚類有機污染物，從而降解成小分子物質(zhì)的技術(shù)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>張歡</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>137</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>137</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555058">137</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">張歡</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">劉永代</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">天津濱海新區(qū)環(huán)塘污水處理有限公司</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">天津濱海環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">高級氧化深度處理技術(shù)在水處理中的應(yīng)用研究</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">資源節(jié)約與環(huán)保</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>資源節(jié)約與環(huán)保</full-title></periodical><pages>102-103</pages><volume>95</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>高級氧化法</keyword><keyword>深度處理</keyword><keyword>臭氧</keyword><keyword>芬頓</keyword><keyword>催化反應(yīng)</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1673-2251</isbn><call-num>12-1377/X</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]。與傳統(tǒng)的氧化劑相比，水中所得到的羥基自由基具有更多的氧化電位，氧化能力更強，能高效的將酚類有機物氧化成CO2，H2O，無機離子和酸ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kanakaraju</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>138</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>138</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555260">138</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kanakaraju,Devagi</author><author>Glass,BeverleyD.</author><author>Oelgem?ller,Michael</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Advancedoxidationprocess-mediatedremovalofpharmaceuticalsfromwater:Areview</title><secondary-title>JournalofEnvironmentalManagement</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofEnvironmentalManagement</full-title></periodical><pages>189-207</pages><volume>219</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Removal</keyword><keyword>Pharmaceuticals</keyword><keyword>Wastewater</keyword><keyword>Photocatalysis</keyword><keyword>Advancedoxidationprocesses</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>2018/08/01/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0301-4797</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S0301479718304912</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.103</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]。在高級氧化法中，較常用的Fenton氧化法在處理酚類廢水領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。Masomboon等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Masomboon</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>139</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>139</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555368">139</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Masomboon,Nalinrut</author><author>Ratanatamskul,Chavalit</author><author>Lu,Ming-Chun</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Chemicaloxidationof2,6-dimethylanilinebyelectrochemicallygeneratedFenton'sreagent</title><secondary-title>JournalofHazardousMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofHazardousmaterials</full-title><abbr-1>J.Hazard.Mater.</abbr-1><abbr-2>JHazardMater</abbr-2></periodical><pages>92-98</pages><volume>176</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>2,6-Dimethylaniline</keyword><keyword>Electro-Fentonprocess</keyword><keyword>Fentonprocess</keyword><keyword>Hydroxylradicals</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>2010/04/15/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0304-3894</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S0304389409017816</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.003</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]通過Fenton氧化法降解2,6-二甲基苯胺。研究了pH，F(xiàn)e2+，H2O2和電流密度對2,6-二甲基苯胺氧化效率的影響。結(jié)果表明，在溶液pH為2和電流密度為15.89Am-2的條件下，添加1mM的Fe2+和20mM的H2O2，可以在4小時內(nèi)完全降解1mM的2,6-二甲基苯胺。Kavitha等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kavitha</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>140</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>140</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555539">140</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kavitha,V.</author><author>Palanivelu,K.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>DestructionofcresolsbyFentonoxidationprocess</title><secondary-title>WaterResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>WaterResearch</full-title><abbr-1>WaterRes.</abbr-1><abbr-2>WaterRes</abbr-2></periodical><pages>3062-3072</pages><volume>39</volume><number>13</number><keywords><keyword>Cresols</keyword><keyword>Fenton'sreagent</keyword><keyword>Oxidation</keyword><keyword>Aceticacid</keyword><keyword>Oxalicacid</keyword><keyword>Mineralization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>2005/08/01/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0043-1354</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S0043135405002538</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.011</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]通過Fenton氧化法來處理水中含甲酚等酚類污染物。將間歇反應(yīng)器作為容器以此來探究pH、H2O2和Fe2+加入量對三種甲酚異構(gòu)體氧化效率的影響。結(jié)果表明，在pH為3.0±0.2時，鄰甲酚和對甲酚的最佳反應(yīng)條件為31.64mM的H2O2，0.90mM的Fe2+，然而間甲酚的最佳反應(yīng)條件為0.72mM的H2O2。在最佳條件下，三種甲酚異構(gòu)體的降解效率在120min內(nèi)均能達到82％。Fenton氧化法的優(yōu)勢在于該法的氧化降解速率快、反應(yīng)裝置簡易和反應(yīng)條件溫和，但同時需要不斷加入Fenton試劑，處理費用較高，因此工業(yè)上應(yīng)用較為常見的是Fenton氧化法與其他技術(shù)聯(lián)用的方法。1.2生物法生物法是指利用微生物的生物吸附或生物代謝作用，將廢水中的酚類污染物作為微生物的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)而被氧化分解為環(huán)境可接受的小分子(如CO2和H2O等)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>劉靜萱</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>141</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[22]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>141</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555661">141</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>劉靜萱</author></authors><tertiary-authors><author>鄒衛(wèi)華,</author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>沙柳基活性炭對水體中染料和酚類物質(zhì)的吸附研究</title></titles><keywords><keyword>沙柳活性炭(SPAC)</keyword><keyword>2</keyword><keyword>4-二氯苯酚</keyword><keyword>鄰苯二酚</keyword><keyword>對硝基苯酚</keyword><keyword>茜素紅</keyword><keyword>吸附</keyword><keyword>競爭吸附</keyword><keyword>再生</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year></dates><publisher>鄭州大學(xué)</publisher><work-type>碩士</work-type><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[22]。常用的有活性污泥法、固定化技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)等方法。（1）活性污泥法活性污泥是廢水處理中一種廣泛使用的生物技術(shù)，其成本低，沒有二次污染且操作簡便ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Maddela</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>142</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[23]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>142</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555811">142</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Maddela,NagaRaju</author><author>Sheng,Binbin</author><author>Yuan,Shasha</author><author>Zhou,Zhongbo</author><author>Villamar-Torres,Ronald</author><author>Meng,Fangang</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Rolesofquorumsensinginbiologicalwastewatertreatment:Acriticalreview</title><secondary-title>Chemosphere</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Chemosphere</full-title></periodical><pages>616-629</pages><volume>221</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Biofilm</keyword><keyword>Microbialcommunity</keyword><keyword>Quorumquenching</keyword><keyword>Quorumsensing</keyword><keyword>Wastewatertreatment</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>2019/04/01/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0045-6535</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S0045653519300645</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.064</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]。Kamali等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kamali</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>143</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[24]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>143</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555902">143</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kamali,Mohammadreza</author><author>Gameiro,Tania</author><author>Costa,MariaElisabete</author><author>Capela,Isabel</author><author>Aminabhavi,TejrajM.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Enhancedbiodegradationofphenolicwastewaterswithacclimatizedactivatedsludge–Akineticstudy</title><secondary-title>ChemicalEngineeringJournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalEngineeringJournal</full-title><abbr-1>Chem.Eng.J.</abbr-1><abbr-2>ChemEngJ</abbr-2></periodical><pages>122186</pages><volume>378</volume><number>15</number><keywords><keyword>Phenolicwastewater</keyword><keyword>Activatedsludge</keyword><keyword>Sequencingbatchreactor</keyword><keyword>Degradationkinetics</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>2019/12/15/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1385-8947</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S1385894719315803</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122186</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[24]使用混合培養(yǎng)的活性污泥對苯酚進行生物降解。研究了溫度，初始苯酚濃度和適應(yīng)程度對苯酚生物降解的影響。實驗表明:適應(yīng)時間越長和初始濃度越大能夠促進苯酚的生物降解速度，而溫度沒有明顯的影響。根據(jù)Haldane動力學(xué)模型，適應(yīng)60天后，在pH為6和溫度為15~18℃條件下，最大生物降解率(Qmax)達到0.521(g苯酚/gVSS/h)。Mandal等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mandal</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>144</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>144</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555979">144</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mandal,Ashanendu</author><author>Das,SudipKumar</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Phenoladsorptionfromwastewaterusingclarifiedsludgefrombasicoxygenfurnace</title><secondary-title>JournalofEnvironmentalChemicalEngineering</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofEnvironmentalChemicalEngineering</full-title></periodical><pages>103259</pages><volume>7</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>Adsorption</keyword><keyword>Phenol</keyword><keyword>Wastewater</keyword><keyword>Clarifiedsludge</keyword><keyword>Pseudo-second-order</keyword><keyword>D-Risotherm</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>2019/08/01/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2213-3437</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S2213343719303823</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103259</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[25]以堿性氧氣爐中的污泥為吸附劑，研究了廢水中苯酚的去除率。通過改變pH值，接觸時間，吸附劑用量等條件來探究對苯酚的影響。在pH為7，溫度為35℃，反應(yīng)時間為240min，吸附劑用量為20g的條件下，苯酚的最大去除率約為63％。在此最佳條件下，苯酚去除率隨苯酚濃度的增加而降低，但隨著溫度的升高而提高。二級動力學(xué)模型和D–R等溫線模型更好地擬合了吸附數(shù)據(jù)。熱力學(xué)研究表明該過程是非自發(fā)的且吸熱的。在生物法處理酚類有機污染物方面，活性污泥法的使用較為廣泛，但實際上還存在許多問題有待解決，如易發(fā)生污泥膨脹和占地面積大等。活性污泥法對污染物的處理有待優(yōu)化與改進。（2）固定化技術(shù)固定化技術(shù)是指利用物理或化學(xué)手段，將游離的微生物或酶固定在一定空間區(qū)域內(nèi)處理酚類廢水的技術(shù)。朱倩等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>朱倩</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>145</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[26]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>145</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615556095">145</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">朱倩</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">侯大軍</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">武漢霖泉環(huán)?？萍加邢薰居耢`華科技有限公司</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">聚乙烯醇固定化微生物載體的制備及其對氨氮廢水的處理研究</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理</full-title></periodical><pages>116-120</pages><volume>43</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>聚乙烯醇</keyword><keyword>固定化微生物</keyword><keyword>載體</keyword><keyword>氨氮</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>1674-6139</isbn><call-num>23-1532/X</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[26]以碳酸鈣、戊二醛、聚乙烯醇等原料為細(xì)菌所需載體來處理廢水中的氮氨，探究了微生物載體對氨氮去除率的影響。研究結(jié)果顯示，當(dāng)加入0.3wt%的交聯(lián)劑時，載體的水溶膨脹性、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性和微生物的負(fù)載量都有所提升。當(dāng)進水氨氮的濃度為4.0～30.0mg/L時，氨氮去除率可達到90%以上。宋鳳敏等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>宋鳳敏</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>146</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[27]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>146</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615556182">146</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">宋鳳敏</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">陜西理工學(xué)院化學(xué)與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">固定化包埋多菌靈白菌對印染廢水脫色處理實驗研究</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)</full-title></periodical><pages>119-123</pages><volume>36</volume><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>印染廢水</keyword><keyword>多菌靈白菌</keyword><keyword>包埋條件優(yōu)化</keyword><keyword>脫色率</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1003-6504</isbn><call-num>42-1245/X</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[27]使用海藻酸鈉對多菌靈降解菌白菌進行包埋固定后處理洋紅染料廢水。結(jié)果表明：在接觸時間為3h，溫度為30℃，pH為5的情況下，包埋固定技術(shù)對廢水中染料的去除率達到了96%。固定化技術(shù)處理效率高、穩(wěn)定并能純化以保持高效菌種，但是，該技術(shù)還缺乏性能優(yōu)良的固定化載體，對固定化微生物的系統(tǒng)研究不足，適用于富營養(yǎng)化水體修復(fù)的固定化反應(yīng)器較少ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>白靖銘</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>147</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[28]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>147</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615556607">147</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">白靖銘</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">沈陽建筑大學(xué)市政與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">生物固定化技術(shù)在污水處理中的研究</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">建筑與預(yù)算</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>建筑與預(yù)算</full-title></periodical><pages>43-46</pages><volume>12</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>生物固定化</keyword><keyword>污水</keyword><keyword>難降解有機物</keyword><keyword>氨氮</keyword><keyword>重金屬毒物</keyword><keyword>酚類</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1673-0402</isbn><call-num>21-1286/TU</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[28]，因此大規(guī)模應(yīng)用還存在問題。1.3物理化學(xué)法物理化學(xué)法是結(jié)合物理和化學(xué)的綜合作用，通過多相界面轉(zhuǎn)移來除去廢水中污染物的方法。此法操作簡單，且對酚類污染物具有良好的處理效果，在目前處理含酚廢水領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用較為廣泛。常見的物理化學(xué)處理過程主要有萃取法、吸附法、膜分離法和電滲析法等。萃取法萃取法的原理主要是利用溶質(zhì)在水相和有機相中溶解度或分配系數(shù)的差異，在溶液內(nèi)加入較大溶解度或分配系數(shù)的萃取劑，充分混合后，通過簡單的物理方法將萃取劑從水相中分離而達到凈化廢水的目的ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>劉靜萱</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>152</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[22]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>152</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615557790">152</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>劉靜萱</author></authors><tertiary-authors><author>鄒衛(wèi)華,</author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>沙柳基活性炭對水體中染料和酚類物質(zhì)的吸附研究</title></titles><keywords><keyword>沙柳活性炭(SPAC)</keyword><keyword>2</keyword><keyword>4-二氯苯酚</keyword><keyword>鄰苯二酚</keyword><keyword>對硝基苯酚</keyword><keyword>茜素紅</keyword><keyword>吸附</keyword><keyword>競爭吸附</keyword><keyword>再生</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year></dates><publisher>鄭州大學(xué)</publisher><work-type>碩士</work-type><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[22]。Yu等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yu</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>153</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[29]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>153</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615558061">153</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yu,Pinhua</author><author>Chang,Zhidong</author><author>Ma,Yinchen</author><author>Wang,Senjian</author><author>Cao,Hongbin</author><author>Hua,Chao</author><author>Liu,Huizhou</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Separationofp-Nitrophenolando-Nitrophenolwiththree-liquid-phaseextractionsystem</title><secondary-title>SeparationandPurificationTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SeparationandPurificationTechnology</full-title><abbr-1>Sep.Purif.Technol.</abbr-1><abbr-2>SepPurifTechnol</abbr-2></periodical><pages>199-206</pages><volume>70</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>Three-liquid-phaseextraction</keyword><keyword>-Nitrophenol</keyword><keyword>Partitioncoefficient</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>2009/12/10/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1383-5866</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S1383586609004055</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.09.016</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[29]選擇三種含正己烷的不同分子量的聚乙二醇液相萃取體系來處理含對對硝基苯酚(4-NP)和鄰硝基苯酚(o-NP)的模擬廢水。實驗結(jié)果表明，溶液的pH值和萃取劑類型對4-NP和o-NP的萃取效果有較大影響。在pH=4時，約85%的o-NP和90%的4-NP可同時被萃取到有機相頂部和中部。用10wt％的氫氧化鈉反萃一次后，可從有機相頂部獲得高回收率的o-NP。當(dāng)中間相用乙酸丁酯(BA)反萃兩次后，對4-NP的去除率可達到95％。Shahriari等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shahriari</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>154</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[30]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>154</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615558429">154</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shahriari,Mohadeseh</author><author>Akhavan,Zahra</author><author>Khayati,Gholam</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PhaseDiagramStudyofPolymer-Salt-BasedAqueousTwo-PhaseSystemsforExtractionofp-Nitrophenol</title><secondary-title>JournalofChemical&EngineeringData</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofChemical&EngineeringData</full-title></periodical><pages>5101-5109</pages><volume>65</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>2020</year><pub-dates><date>2020/11/12</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>AmericanChemicalSociety</publisher><isbn>0021-9568</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1021/acs.jced.0c00227</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acs.jced.0c00227</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[30]通過雙水相體系(ATPS)研究了4-NP的分離和提取，并探討了不同溫度、不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)及其鹽類對體系分離的影響。結(jié)果表明體系對4-NP的萃取率隨聚合物分子量的增加而降低，隨聚合物濃度的增加而增加。此外，探究了298.15、305.15和313.15K三個溫度對4-NP萃取的影響，結(jié)果表明隨著溫度的升高，對4-NP的萃取效果呈下降趨勢。由磷酸氫二鉀(30%w/w)和PEG1000(40%w/w)組成的ATPS對4-NP萃取效果最好，萃取率能達