previous/'pri:vias/|CET4TEM4

l.ADJApreviouseventorthingisonethathappenedorexistedbeforetheonethat

youaretalkingabout.

例：Shehasateenagedaughterfromapreviousmarriage.

2.ADJYourefertotheperiodoftimeorthethingimmediatelybeforetheonethat

youaretalkingaboutasthepreviousone.

/列：Itwasasurprisinglydrydayaftertherainofthepreviousweek.

infect/in'fektjnvfckt/v.［T］

l.togivesomeoneadisease

傳染

［例］Peoplewiththevirusmayfeelperfectlywell,buttheycanstillinfectothers.帶

有這種病毒的人也許毫無癥狀，卻仍也許傳染他人。

［+with］

［例］thenumberofpeopleinfectedwithHIV艾滋病病毒感染者的數(shù)目

2.［usuallypassive,一般用被動態(tài)］tomakesomethingcontainsomethingharmful

thatgivespeopleadisease

污染（使致?。?/p>

［+with］

［例］Eggsknowntobeinfectedwithsalmonellawereallowedtogoonsale.已知帶

有沙門氏菌的雞蛋被容許銷售。

3.ifafeelingorinterestthatyouhaveinfectsotherpeople,itmakesthembeginto

feelthesamewayorhavethesameinterest

（某種感情或愛好）感染，影響（他人）

［例］Lucy'senthusiasmsooninfectedtherestoftheclass.露西的熱情很快就感染

了班里的其他人。

4.ifavirusinfectsyourcomputerordisk,itchangesordestroystheinformationinor

onit

（計算機病毒）使感染

controversy/'kDntr9V3：si/|CET4TEM4

N-VARControversyisalotofdiscussionandargumentaboutsomething,often

involvingstrongfeelingsofangerordisapproval.

例：Theproposedcutshavecausedconsiderablecontroversy.

controvert/'kontravs:1,kontravsl/

vt.

L反駁，反駁；駁斥；否認(rèn)：

Thestatementofthelastwitnesscontrovertedtheevidenceofthefirsttwo.

最終一種見證人的陳說反駁了前兩個人的證詞

2.爭論，辯論；討論：

Thisisaquestionmuchcontrovertedbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

這是一種在老年人與年輕人之間爭論不休的問題。

tremble/'trembal/|CET4TEM4

l.V-lIfyoutremble,youshakeslightlybecauseyouarefrightenedorcold.顫動

彳列：Hismouthbecamedry,hiseyeswidened,andhebegantotrembleallover.

他嘴巴干澀，眼睛睜大，并且開始全身發(fā)抖。

例：Lisawaswhiteandtremblingwithanger.

莉薩氣得臉色發(fā)白，身體顫動。

2.N-SINGTrembleisalsoanoun.顫動

彳列：Iwillneverforgettrielookonthepatient'sface.,thetrembleinhishand.

我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘抻那病人臉上的表情和他顫動的手。

3.V-IIfsomethingtrembles,itshakesslightly.（輕微地）顫動

彳列：Hefelttheearthtrembleunderhim.

他感覺大地在腳下顫動。

4.V-IIfyourvoicetrembles,itsoundsunsteadyanduncertain,usuallybecauseyou

areupsetornervous.（聲音）發(fā)顫

例：Hisvoicetrembled,onthevergeoftears.

他的聲音顫動著，就要落下淚來。

5.N-SINGTrembleisalsoanoun.（聲音的）發(fā)顫

彳列："Pleaseunderstandthis,"shebegan,atrembleinhervoice.

“請理解這個”，她開始用顫動的聲音說道。

atthethought

一想到

inquestion

討論中的；成問題的；考慮中的

mean/mi:n/

l.N-SINGThemeanisanumberthatistheaverageofasetofnumbers.平均數(shù)

例：Takeahundredandtwentyvaluesandcalculatethemean.

取120個值計算平均數(shù)。

2.ADJintermediateormediuminsize,quantity,etc（尺寸、數(shù)量等）中間的;中等的

3.

一seealsomeans

supervise/su:p3vaiz/|CET4TEM4

V-TIfyousuperviseanactivityoraperson,youmakesurethattheactivityisdone

correctlyorthatthepersonisdoingataskorbehavingcorrectly.

例J：AteamwassenttosupervisetheelectionsinNicaragua.

paradoxical/.paeradoksikal/|TEM8

l.ADJIfsomethingisparadoxical,itinvolvestwofactsorqualitiesthatseemto

contradicteachother.自相矛盾的

彳列：Somesedativesproducetheparadoxicaleffectofmakingthepersonmore

anxious.

某些鎮(zhèn)靜劑產(chǎn)生出使人更緊張這樣自相矛盾的成果。

2.ADV自相矛盾地

例：Paradoxically,thelessyouhavetodothemoreyoumayresenttheworkthat

doescomeyourway.

自相矛盾的是，你要做的事情越少，就越是對忽然落在你身上的工作不滿。

incompatible/inkampaetabal/|CET6TEM8

l.ADJIfonethingorpersonisincompatiblewithanothectheyareverydifferentin

importantways,anddonotsuiteachotheroragreewitheachother.不相容的；不

協(xié)調(diào)的

例：Theyfeelstronglythattheirreligionisincompatiblewiththepoliticalsystem.

他們強烈地感到他們的宗教信奉與政治體制格格不入。

2.N-UNCOUNT不相容

仞］:Incompatibilitybetweenthemother'sandthebaby'sbloodgroupsmaycause

jaundice.

母親和胎兒的血型不合有也許導(dǎo)致黃疸。

3.ADJIfonetypeofcomputerorcomputersystemisincompatiblewithanother,they

cannotusethesameprogramsorbelinkedup.不兼容的

例：Thismadeitsmini-computersincompatiblewithitsmainframes.

這使得它的微型電腦與其主機不兼容。

susceptible/sasEptabal/|CET6TEM8

l.ADJIfyouaresusceptibletosomethingorsomeone,youareverylikelytobe

influencedbythem.易受…影響的

例：Youngpeoplearethemostsusceptibletoadvertisements.

年輕人最輕易受廣告影響。

例：Jameswasextremelysusceptibletoflattery.

詹姆斯非常輕易受奉承話的影響。

2.ADJIfyouaresusceptbletoadiseaseorinjury,youareverylikelytobeaffectedby

it.易受（傷）的；易患（?。┑?/p>

例J：Walkingwithweightsmakestheshouldersverysusceptibletoinjury.

負(fù)重行走使肩膀很輕易受傷。

wornout

l.ADJSomethingthatiswornoutissoold,damaged,orthinfromusethatitcannot

beusedanymore.破舊不堪的;報廢的

彳列：Carbuyerstendtoreplaceworn-outtyreswiththesamebrand.

汽車的買主們傾向于用同一品牌的輪胎更換廢舊輪胎。

2.ADJSomeonewhoiswornoutisextremelytiredafterhardworkoradifficultor

unpleasantexperience.疲憊不堪的

例：Beforetherace,heisfine.Butafterwardsheiswornout.

比賽前，他狀態(tài)良好。但在賽后，他就疲憊不堪了。

visibly/'vizibli/vizabli,svizabh/adv.AC

inawaythatiseasytoseeornotice

顯然，明顯地，顯而易見地

visiblyshaken/shocked/upsetetc

［例］Shewasvisiblyshakenbythenews.那消息顯然使她大為震驚。

wearandtear/wearantEa/

N-UNCOUNTWearandtearisthedamageorchangethatiscausedtosomething

whenitisbeingusednormally.損耗

彳列：...theproblemofwearandtearontheequipmentintheharshdesertconditions.

…在惡劣的沙漠環(huán)境下設(shè)備損耗的問題。

interpersonal/jnta'ps^anal/|TEM4

ADJInterpersonalmeansrelatingtorelationshipsbetweenpeople.人際的

彳列：Trainingininterpersonalskillsisessential.

多種人際交往技巧的訓(xùn)練是非常必要的。

paycheck/'pei'tjek/

n.

［美國英語］付薪金用的支票；薪金，工資

obligation/（Dbli'geiJan/|CET4TEM4

l.N-VARIfyouhaveanobligationtodosomething,itisyourdutytodothatthing.

義務(wù)

彳列：Whenteachersassignhomework,studentsusuallyfeelanobligationtodoit.

老師布置家庭作業(yè)時，學(xué)生們一般感覺做作業(yè)是一種義務(wù)。

2.N-VARIfyouhaveanobligationtoaperson,itisyourdutytotakecareofthemor

protecttheirinterests.義務(wù);責(zé)任

例：TheUnitedStateswilldothatwhichisnecessarytomeetitsobligationstoits

owncitizens.

美國會盡其對國民應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。

3.PHRASEInadvertisements,ifaproductoraserviceisavailablewithoutobligation,

youdonothavetopayforthatproductorserviceuntilyouhavetrieditandare

satisfiedwithit.無義務(wù)地

例：Ifyouaresellingyourproperty,whynotcallusforafreevaluationwithout

obligation.

假如你打算發(fā)售房產(chǎn)，為何不打電話讓我們做個免費的評估呢。

diffuse/di'fju:z/|CET6TEM4

l.V-T/V-lIfsomethingsuchasknowledgeorinformationisdiffused,orifitdiffuses

somewhere,itismadeknownoverawideareaortoalotofpeople.傳播（知識、消

息等）；散布

彳列：Overtime,however;thetechnologyisdiffusedandadoptedbyothercountries.

然而，伴隨時間的推移，這項技術(shù)在其他國家得以傳播并使用。

例J：...todiffusenewideasobtainedfromelsewhere.

…傳播從別處獲得的新思想。

2.N-UNCOUNT（對知識、消息等的）傳播；散布

彳列：...thedevelopmentanddiffusionofideas.

…思想的發(fā)展和傳播。

3.V-TTodiffuseafeeling,especiallyanundesirableone,meanstocauseittoweaken

andloseitspowertoaffectpeople.緩和;消除

彳列：Thepresidentswillmeettotryanddiffusethetensionsthatthreatentoreignite

theconflict.

總統(tǒng)們將舉行會面以試圖緩和也許重新引起沖突的緊張局面。

4.V-TIfsomethingdiffuseslight,itcausesthelighttospreadweaklyindifferent

directions.使（光線）漫射

例：Diffusingalightalsoreducesitspower.

使光線漫射也會減弱其能量。

5.V-ITodiffuseorbediffusedthroughsomethingmeanstomoveandspreadthrough

it.擴散

例J：Itallowsnicotinetodiffuseslowlyandsteadilyintothebloodstream.

它使尼古丁緩慢、穩(wěn)步地擴散到血液當(dāng)中。

6.N-UNCOUNT擴散

例：Therearedataontheratesofdiffusionofmolecules.

有某些有關(guān)分子的擴散速率的數(shù)據(jù)。

restwith

1.取決于；得靠：

Thematterrestswithyou.

這件事取決于你了。

Itrestswiththeheadmastertomakethedecision.

決策要由校長來制定。

2.在…手中；存在于：歸屬于：

Allpowerrestswiththepeople.

一切權(quán)力屬于人民。

scientificendeavor

科學(xué)探索

archive/'a:kaiv/|CET6+TEM8

l.N-COUNTArchivesareacollectionofdocumentsandrecordsthatcontainhistorical

information.Youcanalsousearchivestorefertotheplacewherearchivesarestored.

檔案；檔案館

例：...theStateLibrary'sarchives.

…國立圖書館的檔案。

2.ADJArchivematerialisinformationthatcomesfromarchives.記入檔案的

例：...archivematerial.

…檔案資料。

3.V-TIfyouarchivematerialsuchasdocumentsordata,youstoreitinanarchive.

把…存檔

例J：Thesystemwillarchivetheinformationsoagenciescanreviewitindetail.

該系統(tǒng)會將該信息存檔，以便各代理機構(gòu)能對其詳細(xì)審閱

hybrid/'haibnd/|CET6+TEM8

l.N-COUNTAhybridisananimalorplantthathasbeenbredfromtwodifferent

speciesofanimalorplant.雜交種

例：Allthesebrightlycolouredhybridsaresolovelyinthegarden.

園中所有這些色彩鮮艷的雜交植物量好看。

2.ADJHybridisalsoanadjective.雜交的

例：...thehybridcornseed.

…雜交玉米種子。

3.N-COUNTAhybridorahybridcarisacarthatcanbepoweredbyeitherpetrolor

electricity.混合動力汽車

彳列：Hybrids,unlikepureelectriccars,neverneedtobepluggedin.

混合動力汽車，不像純電動汽車，從不需要接電源。

例；HybridcarscangoalmostGOOmilesbetweenrefuelling.

混合動力汽車加滿油能行駛將近六百英里。

4.N-COUNTYoucanusehybridtorefertoanythingthatisamixtureofotherthings,

especiallytwootherthings.混合物

例：...ahybridofsolidandliquidfuel.

…固體和液體燃料的混合。

5.ADJHybridisalsoanadjective.混合的

例：...ahybridsystem.

---種混合系統(tǒng)。

facilitate/fasih.teit/|CET4TEM4

V-TTofacilitateanactionorprocess,especiallyonethatyouwouldliketohappen,

meanstomakeiteasierormorelikelytohappen.

例J：Thenewairportwillfacilitatethedevelopmentoftourism.

frame/freim/|CET4TEM4

l.N-COUNTTheframeofapictureormirroristhewood,metal,orplasticthatis

fittedaroundit,especiallywhenitisdisplayedorhungonawall.框架

［列：Estellekeptaphotographofhermotherinasilverframeonthekitchen

mantelpiece.

埃絲特爾把她母親的一張照片放在廚房壁爐架上的銀質(zhì)相框里。

2.N-COUNTYoucanrefertosomeone'sbodyastheirframe,especiallywhenyouare

describingthegeneralshapeoftheirbody.身軀

彳列：Theirbeltsarepulledtightagainsttheirbonyframes.

他們的腰帶緊裹著瘦骨嶙峋的軀體。

obscure/abskjua/|CET6TEM4

l.ADJIfsomethingorsomeoneisobscure,theyareunknown,orareknownbyonlya

fewpeople.鮮為人知的

例：Theoriginofthecustomisobscure.

該習(xí)俗的來源鮮為人知。

2.ADJSomethingthatisobscureisdifficulttounderstandordealwith,usually

becauseitinvolvessomanypartsordetails.復(fù)雜難懂的；難處理的

彳列：Thecontractsarewritteninobscurelanguage.

那些協(xié)議是用復(fù)雜難懂的語言寫的。

3.V-TIfonethingobscuresanother,itpreventsitfrombeingseenorheardproperly.

遮掩

例：Treesobscuredhisvision;hecouldn'tseemuchofthesquare'ssouthernhalf.

樹木遮住了他的視線，他不怎么看得見廣場南半部。

4.V-TToobscuresomethingmeanstomakeitdifficuttounderstand.使…難懂

彳列：...thejargonthatfrequentlyobscureseducationalwriting.

…常使教學(xué)行文變得復(fù)雜難懂的術(shù)語。

recruit/nkru:t/|CET4TEM4

l.V-TIfyourecruitpeopleforanorganization,youselectthemandpersuadethemto

joinitorworkforit.

例：ThepolicearetryingtorecruitmoreblackandHispanicofficers.

彳列：ShesetupherstandtorecruitstudentstotheAnarchistAssociation.

2.N-UNCOUNT

例J：Abombexplodedatanarmyrecruitingoffice.

3.N-COUNTArecruitisapersonwhohasrecentlyjoinedanorganizationoranarmy.

例：...anewrecruittotheLAPoliceDepartment.

commonpractice

通例；習(xí)慣作法

notably/nautabli/

l.ADVYouusenotablytospecifyanimportantortypicalexampleofsomethingthat

youaretalkingabout,尤其

例：Thedivorcewouldbegrantedwhenmoreimportantproblems,notablythefate

ofthechildren,hadbeendecided.

當(dāng)更重要的問題，尤其是孩子們的命運被決定期，離婚就會獲得同意。

2.ADVYoucanusenotablytoemphasizeaparticularqualitythatsomeoneor

somethinghas.明顯地

例：Oldestablishedfriendsarenotablyabsent,soit'sagoodopportunitytomake

newcontacts.

老朋友們顯然都已不在身邊，因此這是結(jié)交新朋友的一種好機會。

protein/'prautiin/|CET4TEM4

N-MASSProteinisasubstancefoundinfoodanddrinksuchasmeat,eggs,andmilk.

Youneedproteininordertogrowandbehealthy.蛋白質(zhì)

例：Fishwasamajorsourceofproteinfortheworkingman.

魚曾是勞動者獲取蛋白質(zhì)的重要來源。

infection/infekjan/|CET4TEM4

l.N-COUNTAninfectionisadiseasecausedbygermsorbacteria.傳染病

/列：Earinfectionsarecommoninpreschoolchildren.

耳朵感染在學(xué)前小朋友中很常見。

secular/sekjula/|CET6TEM4

ADJYouuseseculartodescribethingsthathavenoconnectionwithreligion.非宗教

的

例：Hespokeaboutpreservingthecountryasasecularstate.

他談到保持該國的非宗教國性質(zhì)。

短語

l.Secular世俗；非周期性；長期性；修道院外的

2,Secularmusic世俗音樂；世俗音樂；任意妄為及混進俗樂

3.secularstate世俗國家；世俗國

短語

l.seculartrend長期趨勢；世俗趨勢；百年趨勢；長期趨向

2.secularvariationtrend長期變化趨勢；超長期變化趨勢

3.theseculargrowthtrend生長發(fā)育長期趨勢

substantial/sabstaenfal/|CET4TEM4

ADJSubstantialmeanslargeinamountordegree.大量的；很大程度的

［列：Asubstantialnumberofmotherswithyoungchildrenaredeterredfrom

undertakingpaidworkbecausetheylackaccesstochildcare.

諸多有小孩的母親找不到人照顧小孩，從而無法從事有薪工作。

impose/im'pauz/|CET4TEM4

l.V-TIfyouimposesomethingonpeople,youuseyourauthoritytoforcethemto

acceptit.強制實行

例：Finesareimposedonretailerswhoselltobaccotominors.

向未成年人銷售煙草制品的零售商要被強制罰款。

例：AthirdofcompaniesreviewingpaysincelastAugusthaveimposedapayfreeze

ofuptoayear.

自去年8月以來，在審檢工資發(fā)放的企業(yè)中，有三分之一已經(jīng)強行實行工資凍結(jié)

長達1年。

2.N-UNCOUNT強制實行

例：...theimpositionofsanctionsagainstPakistan.

…對巴基斯坦制裁的強制實行。

3.V-TIfyouimposeyouropinionsorbeliefsonetherpeople,youtryandmake

peopleacceptthemasaruleorasamodeltocopy.把（觀點、信奉等）強加于

例J：Parentsshouldbewareofimposingtheirowntastesontheirchildren.

父母應(yīng)當(dāng)提防把自己的愛好強加給孩子。

4.V-TIfsomethingimposesstrain,pressure,orsufferingonsomeone,itcausesthem

toexperienceit.使承受（令人不快之事物）

例：Thefilmingimposedanadditionalstrainonher.

影片拍攝使她承受了額外的壓力。

5.V-IIfsomeoneimposesonyou,theyunreasonablyexpectyoutodosomethingfor

themwhichyoudonotwanttodo.不合理地規(guī)定

例：Iwasafraidyou'dfeelwewereimposingonyou.

我緊張你會覺得我們在不合理地規(guī)定你。

6.N-COUNT不合理的規(guī)定

例：Iknowthisisanimposition.Butpleasehearmeout.

我懂得這是個不合理的規(guī)定，但請聽我把話說完。

7.V-TIfsomeoneimposesthemselvesonyou,theyforceyoutoaccepttheircomoany

althoughyoumaynotwantto.使強迫接受

例：Ididn'twanttoimposemyselfonmymarriedfriends.

我不想硬要我的已婚朋友們接受我。

extract|CET6

l.V-TToextractasubstancemeanstoobtainitfromsomethingelse,forexample,by

usingindustrialorchemicalprocesses.提煉;提取

彳列：...thetraditionalmethodofpickandshoveltoextractcoal.

…用鋤和鏟采煤的老式措施。

例J：Citricacidcanbeextractedfromthejuiceoforanges,lemons,limesorgrapefruit.

檸檬酸可以從橙汁、檸檬汁、酸橙汁或柚子汁中提取。

2.N-UNCOUNT提煉；提取

例：Petroleumengineersplanandmanagetheextractionofoil.

石油工程師們規(guī)劃并管理石油的提煉。

3.V-TIfyouextractsomethingfromaplace,youtakeitoutorpullitout.取出

例：Heextractedasmallnotebookfromhishippoc<et.

他從臀后口袋拿出了一本小筆記簿。

4.V-TWhenadentistextractsatooth,theyremoveitfromthepatient'smouth.拔

（牙）

彳列：Adentistmaydecidetoextractthetoothtopreventrecurrenttrouble.

牙醫(yī)也許會決定拔掉這顆牙，以防復(fù)發(fā)。

5.N-VAR拔牙

彳列：Inthosedays,dentistrywasbasic.Extractionswerecarriedoutwithout

anaesthetic.

那時牙科學(xué)剛起步，拔牙是在沒有麻藥的狀況下進行的。

6.V-TIfyousaythatsomeoneextractssomething,youdisapproveofthembecause

theytakeitforthemselvestogainanadvantage.謀取

例J：Hesoughttoextractthemaximumpoliticaladvantagefromthecutininterest

rates.

他力圖從利息削減中謀取最大的政治利益。

7.V-TIfyouextractinformationoraresponsefromsomeone,yougetitfromthem

withdifficulty,becausetheyareunwillingtosayordowhatyouwant.探?。ㄏⅰ?/p>

反應(yīng)）

例：Hemadethemistakeoftryingtoextractfurtherinformationfromourdirector.

他犯了想從我們主任那里探取深入信息的錯誤。

8.V-TIfyouextractaparticularpieceofinformation,youobtainitfromalarger

amountorsourceofinformation.摘取（信息）

彳列：I'vesimplyextractedafewfigures.

我只是摘取了某些數(shù)據(jù)。

例J：Britain'stradefigurescannolongerbeextractedfromexport-and-iirport

documentationatports.

英國的貿(mào)易數(shù)字再也不能從各港口的進出口文獻中摘取了。

9.V-TPASSIVEIfpartofabookortextisextractedfromaparticularbook,itisprinted

orpublished.（從書中）摘錄

例：Thismaterialhasbeenextractedfrom"CollinsGoodWoodHandbook."

該資料摘自《柯林斯良木手冊》。

10.N-COUNTAnextractfromabookorpieceofwritingisasmallpartofitthatis

printedorpublishedseparately.摘錄；選段

例：Readthisextractfromaninformationbookletabouttheworkofanairlinecabin

crew.

閱讀這個航空企業(yè)機務(wù)員工作信息手冊的選段。

ll.N-MASSExtractisaveryconcentratedliquidthatisusedforflavouringfoodorfor

itssmell.高濃縮汁液

例J：Blendinthevanillaextract,lemonpeel,andwalnuts.

調(diào)和香草精、檸檬皮和核桃。

spur/sp3：/|CET4TEM4

l.V-TIfonethingspursyoutodoanother,itencouragesyoutodoit.鼓動;鼓勵

例：It'sthemoneythatspursthesefishermentoriskalongoceanjourneyintheir

flimsyboats.

是金錢驅(qū)使這些漁民駕駛單薄的小船冒險出海遠(yuǎn)航。

2.PHRASALVERBSpuronmeansthesameas.鼓動；鼓勵（同）（spur）

彳列：Theirattitude,ratherthanreininghimback,onlyseemedtospurPhilipon.

他們的態(tài)度非但沒令菲利普回頭，似乎只是鼓勵他繼續(xù)下去。

3.V-TIfsomethingspursachangeorevent,itmakesithappenfasterorsooner,f更更

快發(fā)生；加速

例：Theadministrationmayputmoreemphasisonspurringeconomicgrowth.

政府也許會愈加重視經(jīng)濟的加緊增長。

4.N-COUNTSomethingthatactsasaspurtosomethingelseencouragesapersonor

organizationtodothatthingormakesithappenmorequickly.增進原因;推進

例：...abeliefincompetitionasaspurtoefficiency.

…一種認(rèn)為競爭能增進效率提高的觀點。

5.PHRASEIfyoudosomethingonthespurofthemoment,youdoitsuddenly,

withoutplanningitbeforehand.——時沖動之下

例J：Theyadmittedtheyhadtakenavehicleonthespurofthemoment.

他們承認(rèn)一時沖動之下偷了一輛車。

infancy/'infansi/|TEM4

l.N-UNCOUNTInfancyistheperiodofyourlifewhenyouareaveryyoungchild.嬰

兒期

才列：...thedevelopmentofthemindfrominfancyonwards.

…從嬰兒期開始的智力開發(fā)。

2.N-UNCOUNTIfsomethingisinitsinfancy,itisnewandhasnotdevelopedvery

much.初期

例：Computingsciencewasstillinitsinfancy.

計算機科學(xué)仍然處在初期階段。

hamper/haempa/|CET6TEM8

l.V-TIfsomeoneorsomethinghampersyou,theymakeitdifficultforyoutodowhat

youaretryingtodo.阻礙

例J：Thebadweatherhamperedrescueoperations.

惡劣的天氣阻礙了救濟行動。

2.N-COUNTAhamperisabasketcontainingfoodofvariouskindsthatisgivento

peopleasapresent.禮品大籃子

｛列：...aluxuryfoodhamper.

…一種豪華的食物禮品籃。

3.N-COUNTAhamperisalargebasketwithalid,usedespeciallyforcarryingfood.

有蓋大籃（尤裝食品）

例：...apicnichamper.

…一種野炊籃子。

4.N-COUNTAhamperisastoragecontainerforsoiledlaundry.洗衣籃

例：Hetossedhisdamptowelintothelaundryhamper.

他把濕毛巾拋入洗衣籃里。

distaste/disteist/|TEM8

N-UNCOUNTIfyoufeeldistasteforsomeoneorsomething,youdislikethemand

considerthemtobeunpleasant,disgusting,orimmoral.

彳列：Heprofessedaviolentdistasteforeverythingrelatedtocommerce,production,

andmoney.

formula/'f3：mjula/|CET4TEM4

l.N-COUNTAformulaisaplanthatisinventedinordertodealwithaparticular

problem.方案

例：...apeaceformula.

---項和平方案。

2.N-COUNTAformulaisagroupofletters,numbers,orothersymbolswhich

representsascientificormathematicalrule.公式

/列：Hedevelopedamathematicalformuladescribingthedistancesoftheplanets

fromtheSun.

他提出了一種描述各行星與太陽之間距離的數(shù)學(xué)公式。

3.N-COUNTInscience,theformulaforasubstanceisalistoftheamountsofvarious

substanceswhichmakeupthatsubstance,oranindicationoftheatomsthatitis

composedof.分子式

彳列：Glucoseandfructosehavethesamechemicalformulabuthaveverydifferent

properties.

葡萄糖和果糖具有相似的化學(xué)分子式但有很不一樣的特性。

4.N-SINGAformulaforaparticularsituation,usuallyagoodone,isacourseofaction

oracombinationofactionsthatiscertainorlikelytoresultinthatsituation.（至lj達一

般為好的結(jié)局的）行動方案

例：Afterhewasofficiallypronouncedtheworld'soldestman,heofferedthissimple

formulaforalongandhappylife.

在他被正式宣布為世界上最老的人之后，他提供了這一長壽和幸福生活的簡樸措

施。

conclude/kanklu:d/|CET4TEM4

l.V-TIfyouconcludethatsomethingistrue,youdecidethatitistrueusingthefacts

youknowasabasis.斷定

例：LarryhadconcludedthathehadnochoicebuttoacceptPaul'swordsasthe

truth.

拉里斷定他別無選擇，只能相信保羅所說為實。

/列：Sowhatcanweconcludefromthisdebate?

那么從這場辯論中我們能推斷出什么呢？

2.V-T/V-IWhenyouconclude,yousaythelastthingthatyouaregoingtosay.結(jié)束

（說話）

例："It'sawasteoftime/'heconcluded.

“這是揮霍時間，”他最終說道。

3.V-T/V-IWhensomethingconcludes,orwhenyouconcludeit,youendit.使…結(jié)束;

結(jié)束

例J：Theeveningconcludedwithdinnerandspeeches.

這個夜晚以晚宴和演講告一段落。

4.V-TIfonepersonorgroupconcludesanagreement,suchasatreatyorbusiness

deal,withanother,theyarrangeit.Youcanalsosaythattwopeopleorgroups

concludeanagreement.至U達（協(xié)議）

［列：MexicoandthePhilippineshavebothconcludedagreementswiththeir

commercialbankcreditors.

墨西哥和菲律賓雙方都與他們的商業(yè)銀行債權(quán)人到達了協(xié)議。

nowthat

既然；由于

tentative/'tEntativ/|CET6TEM8

l.ADJTentativeagreements,plans,orarrangementsarenotdefiniteorcertain,but

havebeenmadeasafirststep.初步的

彳列：Politicalleadershavereachedatentativeagreementtoholdapreparatory

conferencenextmonth.

政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人已經(jīng)就下個月召開準(zhǔn)備會到達初步協(xié)議。

2.ADV初步地

彳列：ThenextroundoftalksistentativelyscheduledtobeginOctober21stin

Washington.

下一輪談判初步定在10月21日于華盛頓進行。

3.ADJIfsomeoneistentative,theyarecautiousandnotveryconfidentbecausethey

areuncertainorafraid.躊躇的

1列：Myfirstattemptsatcomplainingwerekindoftentative.

我頭幾次的投訴嘗試均有點兒躊躇。

4.ADV躊躇地

彳列：Perhaps,hesuggestedtentatively,theyshouldsendforDr.Esteves.

他猶躊躇豫地提議道，他們也許應(yīng)當(dāng)派人去請埃斯特維斯醫(yī)生。

fleshout

PHRASALVERBIfyoufleshoutsomethingsuchasastoryorplan,youadddetailsand

moreinformationtoit.充實（故事或計劃等）

例：Permissionforav/arehousedevelopmenthasalreadybeengrantedandthe

developersaremerelyfleshingoutthedetails.

貨倉開發(fā)的許可證已獲同意，開發(fā)商只是在充實細(xì)節(jié)。

relevant/rdivant/|CET4TEM4

ADJSomethingthatisrelevanttoasituationorpersonisimportantorsignificantin

thatsituationortothatperson.

例：Isreligionstillrelevanttomostpeople'slives?

processor/prausesa/

l.N-COUNTAprocessoristhepartofacomputerthatinterpretscommandsand

performstheprocessestheuserhasrequested.（電腦）處理器

2.

fseealsofoodprocessor-*seealsowordprocessor

3.N-COUNTAprocessorissomeoneorsomethingwhichcarriesoutaprocess.加I"

者；加工物

例：Thefrozen-foodindustrycouldbesuppliedentirelybygrowersandprocessors

outsidethecountry.

冷凍食品行業(yè)可以完全由國外的種植者們和加工者們供應(yīng)。

substantiate/sab'staenjieit/|TEM8

V-TTosubstantiateastatementorastorymeanstosupplyevidencewhichproves

thatitistrue.證明

例：Thereislittlescientificevidencetosubstantiatetheclaims.

幾乎沒有能證明這些斷言的科學(xué)證據(jù)。

abrupt/a'brApt/|CET4TEM4

l.ADJAnabruptchangeoractionisverysudden,ofteninawaythatisunpleasant.

驟然的

彳列：Rosie'sidyllicworldcametoanabruptendwhenherparents'marriagebrokeup.

當(dāng)她的父母婚姻破裂后，羅茜的田園詩一般的世界驟然結(jié)束了。

2.ADV驟然地

例：Hestoppedabruptlyandlookedmyway.

他忽然停住，向我看了過來。

3.ADJSomeonewhoisabruptspeaksinarude,unfriendlyway.唐突的

例：Hewasabrupttothepointofrudeness.

他唐突到了無禮的地步。

4.ADV唐突地

例："Goodnight,then/'shesaidabruptly.

“那么，晚安”，她唐突地說道。

wordy/w3：di/

ADJIfyoudescribeaperson'sspeechorsomethingthattheywriteaswordy,you

disapproveofthefactthattheyusetoomanywords,especiallywordswhicharevery

long,formal,orliterary.冗長的；過于正式的

例：Thechapterismostlywordyrhetoric.

這一章多半是冗長的華麗詞藻。

compensate/'kompEn.seit/|CET4TEM4

l.V-TTocompensatesomeoneformoneyorthingsthattheyhavelost,meanstopay

themmoneyorgivethemsomethingtoreplacethosethings.賠償（損失）

彳列：Thedamagesaredesignedtocompensatevictimsfortheirdirectlosses.

該賠償金是用來賠償受害人的直接損失的。

2.V-IIfyoucompensateforalackofsomethingorforsomethingyouhavedone

wrong,youdosomethingtomakethesituationbetter.彌補（過錯）

例：Thecompanyagreedtokeepuphighlevelsofoutputinordertocompensatefor

supplieslost.

該企業(yè)同意保持高產(chǎn)出水平以賠償損失掉的供應(yīng)品。

3.V-ISomethingthatcompensatesforsomethingelsebalancesitorreducesits

effects,抵消

例：Senatorssayitiscrucialthatamechanismisfoundtocompensateforinflation.

參議員們說找到抵消通貨膨脹的機制是至關(guān)重要的。

4.V-IIfyoutrytocompensateforsomethingthatiswrongormissinginyourlife,you

trytodosomethingthatremovesorreducestheharmfuleffects.彌補

例J：Theirsenseofhumourandabilitytogetalongwithpeoplearetwocharacteristics

thatcompensatefortheirlackofexperience.

他們的風(fēng)趣感和與人相處的能力是彌補他們經(jīng)驗局限性的兩個特質(zhì)。

intent/intent/|CET6TEM4

l.ADJIfyouareintentondoingsomething,youareeageranddeterminedtodoit.

堅決的

例：Therebelsareobviouslyintentonkeepingupthepressure.

反叛分子顯然決心繼續(xù)施加壓力。

2.ADJIfsomeonedoessomethinginanintentway,theypaygreatattentiontowhat

theyaredoing.專注的

例：Shelookedfromoneintentfacetoanother.

她看著一張張專注的面孔。

3.ADV專注地

彳列：Helistenedintently,thenslammeddownthep