托福考試閱讀題庫及參考答案考試時長：120分鐘滿分：100分試卷名稱：托?？荚囬喿x題庫及參考答案考核對象：托?？荚嚳忌}型分值分布：-判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-單選題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-多選題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-案例分析（總共3題，每題6分）總分18分-論述題（總共2題，每題11分）總分22分總分：100分---一、判斷題（每題2分，共20分）1.ThepassagementionsthatthemainpurposeoftheancientcityofMachuPicchuwasforreligiousceremonies.2.Accordingtothepassage,theIncaEmpiredidnothaveawrittenlanguage.3.ThepassagestatesthattheIncaroadsystemwasbuiltprimarilyfortradepurposes.4.TheauthorsuggeststhattheIncaEmpirecollapsedduetointernalconflicts.5.ThepassagedescribestheIncamethodofterracedfarmingasanefficientwaytogrowcropsinmountainousregions.6.TheauthorbelievesthattheIncaEmpirewouldhavecontinuedtothriveifithadnotbeenforEuropeancolonization.7.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaEmpirehadahighlycentralizedgovernment.8.TheauthornotesthattheIncaEmpiredidnothaveaformaleducationsystem.9.ThepassagedescribestheIncaeconomyasprimarilybasedonagriculture.10.TheauthorconcludesthattheIncaEmpire'sachievementswereunmatchedbyanyotherpre-Columbiancivilization.二、單選題（每題2分，共20分）1.WhatwastheprimarypurposeoftheancientcityofMachuPicchuaccordingtothepassage?A.Itwasamajortradehub.B.Itservedasareligiouscenter.C.Itwasamilitaryfortress.D.Itwasapoliticalcapital.2.HowdidtheIncaEmpirecommunicateacrossitsvastterritory?A.Throughwrittenletters.B.Usingasystemofmessengerscalled"chasquis."C.Byrelyingontradenetworks.D.Throughanetworkofroads.3.WhatwasthemainreasonfortheIncaEmpire'scollapse?A.Aseriesofnaturaldisasters.B.Internalconflictsandrebellion.C.TheintroductionofEuropeandiseases.D.Economicmismanagement.4.HowdidtheIncapeopleadapttolivinginmountainousregions?A.Theybuiltlargecitiesinthemountains.B.Theydevelopedterracedfarmingtechniques.C.Theyreliedonseatradeforfood.D.Theymovedtolowerelevations.5.WhatwasthemostsignificantcontributionoftheIncaEmpiretolatercivilizations?A.Theiradvancedmetalworkingtechniques.B.Theirarchitecturaldesigns.C.Theirwrittenlanguage.D.Theirmilitarystrategies.6.HowdidtheSpanishconquestimpacttheIncaEmpire?A.Itledtotherapidexpansionoftheempire.B.ItcausedtheempiretomergewithSpanishterritories.C.ItledtothecollapseoftheempireandthespreadofEuropeanculture.D.Itstrengthenedtheempire'scentralgovernment.7.Whatwastheroleofthe"chasquis"intheIncaEmpire?A.Theyweresoldierswhofoughtinbattles.B.Theyweremessengerswhocarriedmessagesacrosstheempire.C.Theyweretraderswhoboughtandsoldgoods.D.Theywerefarmerswhogrewcrops.8.HowdidtheIncaEmpiremanageitseconomy?A.Throughasystemofbarterandtrade.B.Throughacentralizedeconomycontrolledbythegovernment.C.Throughtheuseofcurrency.D.Throughasystemofprivateownership.9.WhatwasthesignificanceoftheIncaroadsystem?A.Itwasusedprimarilyformilitarypurposes.B.Itfacilitatedtradeandcommunicationacrosstheempire.C.Itwasusedforreligiouspilgrimages.D.Itwasanetworkofhikingtrails.10.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestabouttheIncaEmpire'sachievements?A.Theywerelimitedtomilitaryconquests.B.Theywereunmatchedbyanyotherpre-Columbiancivilization.C.Theywereprimarilybasedontradeandagriculture.D.TheywereovershadowedbylaterEuropeanempires.三、多選題（每題2分，共20分）1.WhatwerethekeyfeaturesoftheIncaEmpire?A.Ahighlycentralizedgovernment.B.Anextensiveroadsystem.C.Asystemofterracedfarming.D.Awrittenlanguage.E.Astrongmilitary.2.WhatwerethecausesoftheIncaEmpire'scollapse?A.TheintroductionofEuropeandiseases.B.Internalconflictsandrebellion.C.TheSpanishconquest.D.Economicmismanagement.E.Naturaldisasters.3.HowdidtheIncapeopleadapttolivinginmountainousregions?A.Theydevelopedterracedfarmingtechniques.B.Theybuiltcitiesinthemountains.C.Theyreliedonseatradeforfood.D.Theymovedtolowerelevations.E.Theyusedadvancedirrigationsystems.4.Whatwastheroleofthe"chasquis"intheIncaEmpire?A.Theyweremessengerswhocarriedmessagesacrosstheempire.B.Theyweresoldierswhofoughtinbattles.C.Theyweretraderswhoboughtandsoldgoods.D.Theywerefarmerswhogrewcrops.E.Theywereresponsibleforreligiousceremonies.5.WhatwerethemainachievementsoftheIncaEmpire?A.Theirarchitecturaldesigns.B.Theiragriculturaltechniques.C.Theirmilitarystrategies.D.Theirwrittenlanguage.E.Theirroadsystem.6.HowdidtheSpanishconquestimpacttheIncaEmpire?A.Itledtothecollapseoftheempire.B.ItcausedthespreadofEuropeandiseases.C.ItledtotheadoptionofEuropeancustoms.D.Itstrengthenedtheempire'scentralgovernment.E.Itledtotherapidexpansionoftheempire.7.WhatwasthesignificanceoftheIncaroadsystem?A.Itfacilitatedtradeandcommunicationacrosstheempire.B.Itwasusedprimarilyformilitarypurposes.C.Itwasanetworkofhikingtrails.D.Itwasusedforreligiouspilgrimages.E.Itconnectedmajorcitiesandtowns.8.HowdidtheIncaEmpiremanageitseconomy?A.Throughasystemofbarterandtrade.B.Throughacentralizedeconomycontrolledbythegovernment.C.Throughtheuseofcurrency.D.Throughasystemofprivateownership.E.Throughthecollectionoftaxes.9.WhatwerethekeyfeaturesoftheIncagovernment?A.Ahighlycentralizedgovernment.B.Asystemoflocalgovernors.C.Acouncilofadvisors.D.Asystemofhereditarysuccession.E.Asystemofdemocracy.10.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestabouttheIncaEmpire'sachievements?A.Theywereunmatchedbyanyotherpre-Columbiancivilization.B.Theywereprimarilybasedontradeandagriculture.C.TheywereovershadowedbylaterEuropeanempires.D.Theyhadahighlyadvancedsociety.E.Theymadesignificantcontributionstolatercivilizations.四、案例分析（每題6分，共18分）1.AgroupofarchaeologistsisstudyingtheruinsofMachuPicchu.DescribehowthelocationanddesignofMachuPicchureflecttheIncaEmpire'sunderstandingofgeographyandarchitecture.Providespecificexamplesfromthepassagetosupportyouranswer.2.TheSpanishconquestoftheIncaEmpirehadaprofoundimpactontheregion.ExplainhowtheSpanishconquestledtothecollapseoftheIncaEmpireandthesubsequentchangesintheregion.Usedetailsfromthepassagetosupportyouranswer.3.TheIncaEmpireisknownforitsadvancedagriculturaltechniques.DescribehowterracedfarminghelpedtheIncapeopleadapttolivinginmountainousregions.Providespecificexamplesfromthepassagetosupportyouranswer.五、論述題（每題11分，共22分）1.DiscussthekeyfactorsthatcontributedtotheriseandfalloftheIncaEmpire.Explainhowthesefactorsshapedtheempire'sachievementsanditseventualcollapse.Usedetailsfromthepassagetosupportyouranswer.2.TheIncaEmpireisoftencomparedtootherpre-ColumbiancivilizationsintheAmericas.CompareandcontrasttheIncaEmpirewithanotherpre-Columbiancivilization,suchastheAztecsortheMaya.Focusontheirpoliticalsystems,economicstructures,andculturalachievements.Usedetailsfromthepassagetosupportyouranswer.---標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案及解析一、判斷題1.√2.√3.√4.√5.√6.√7.√8.√9.√10.√解析：Allstatementsareaccuratebasedonthepassage.二、單選題1.B2.B3.C4.B5.B6.C7.B8.B9.B10.B解析：1.ThepassagestatesthatMachuPicchuwasareligiouscenter.2.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaEmpireusedasystemofmessengerscalled"chasquis"forcommunication.3.ThepassageattributesthecollapseoftheIncaEmpiretotheintroductionofEuropeandiseases.4.ThepassagedescribeshowtheIncapeopledevelopedterracedfarmingtechniquestoadapttomountainousregions.5.ThepassagehighlightstheIncaEmpire'sarchitecturaldesignsasoneofitsmostsignificantcontributions.6.ThepassagenotesthattheSpanishconquestledtothecollapseoftheIncaEmpireandthespreadofEuropeanculture.7.Thepassagedescribesthe"chasquis"asmessengerswhocarriedmessagesacrosstheempire.8.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaEmpirehadacentralizedeconomycontrolledbythegovernment.9.ThepassagedescribestheIncaeconomyasprimarilybasedonagriculture.10.ThepassagesuggeststhattheIncaEmpire'sachievementswereunmatchedbyanyotherpre-Columbiancivilization.三、多選題1.A,B,C,E2.A,B,C,D,E3.A,B,D4.A,B,C5.A,B,C,E6.A,B,C7.A,B,E8.A,B,D9.A,B,C,D10.A,B,D,E解析：1.TheIncaEmpirehadahighlycentralizedgovernment,anextensiveroadsystem,asystemofterracedfarming,andastrongmilitary.2.ThecollapseoftheIncaEmpirewascausedbytheintroductionofEuropeandiseases,internalconflictsandrebellion,theSpanishconquest,economicmismanagement,andnaturaldisasters.3.TheIncapeopleadaptedtolivinginmountainousregionsbydevelopingterracedfarmingtechniques,buildingcitiesinthemountains,andmovingtolowerelevations.4.The"chasquis"weremessengerswhocarriedmessagesacrosstheempire,soldierswhofoughtinbattles,andtraderswhoboughtandsoldgoods.5.ThemainachievementsoftheIncaEmpireweretheirarchitecturaldesigns,agriculturaltechniques,militarystrategies,androadsystem.6.TheSpanishconquestledtothecollapseoftheIncaEmpire,thespreadofEuropeandiseases,andtheadoptionofEuropeancustoms.7.TheIncaroadsystemfacilitatedtradeandcommunicationacrosstheempire,wasusedprimarilyformilitarypurposes,andconnectedmajorcitiesandtowns.8.TheIncaEmpiremanageditseconomythroughasystemofbarterandtrade,acentralizedeconomycontrolledbythegovernment,andasystemofprivateownership.9.ThekeyfeaturesoftheIncagovernmentwereahighlycentralizedgovernment,asystemoflocalgovernors,acouncilofadvisors,andasystemofhereditarysuccession.10.TheauthorsuggeststhattheIncaEmpire'sachievementswereunmatchedbyanyotherpre-Columbiancivilization,primarilybasedontradeandagriculture,hadahighlyadvancedsociety,andmadesignificantcontributionstolatercivilizations.四、案例分析1.MachuPicchu'sLocationandDesignMachuPicchuislocatedhighintheAndesMountains,whichreflectstheIncaEmpire'sunderstandingofgeography.Thecitywasbuiltonaseriesofterraces,whichhelpedpreventsoilerosionandmaximizearableland.Theterracesalsoprovidedadefensiblepositionagainstinvaders.ThedesignofMachuPicchu,withitsprecisestoneworkandintricatelayouts,showstheIncaEmpire'sadvancedarchitecturalskills.Forexample,theIntihuatanastone,alargerockformation,wasusedasasolarcalendar,demonstratingtheIncapeople'sknowledgeofastronomy.2.TheSpanishConquest'sImpactTheSpanishconquesthadaprofoundimpactontheIncaEmpire.TheintroductionofEuropeandiseases,suchassmallpox,decimatedtheIncapopulation,whichweakenedtheempire.TheSpanishalsobroughtmilitarytechnologythattheIncacouldnotmatch.TheconquestledtothecollapseoftheIncaEmpireandthesubsequentchangesintheregion.TheSpanishestablishednewpoliticalandeconomicsystems,andtheindigenouspopulationwasforcedtoadapttothesechanges.3.TerracedFarminginMountainousRegionsTerracedfarminghelpedtheIncapeopleadapttolivinginmountainousregionsbycreatingflatareasforcropstogrow.Theterracespreventedsoilerosionandmaximizedarableland.Forexample,theterracesatMachuPicchuallowedtheIncatogrowcropssuchasmaizeandpotatoesathighaltitudes.ThistechniquewasessentialforthesurvivaloftheIncapeopleinthechallengingmountainenvironment.五、論述題1.FactorsContributingtotheRiseandFalloftheIncaEmpireTheIncaEmpirerosetoprominenceduetoseveralkeyfactors.TheIncapeoplehadahighlycentralizedgovernment,whichallowedthemtoefficientlymanagetheirresourcesandexpandtheirterritory.Theyalsodevelopedadvancedagriculturaltechniques,suchasterracedfarming,whichhelpedthemsustainalargepopulation.TheIncaEmpire'sextensiveroadsystemfacilitatedtradeandcommunication,furtherstrengtheningtheempire.However,theIncaEmpirealsofacedchallengesthatledtoitsfall.TheintroductionofEuropeandisea