vContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\u5670Acknowledgments i5555Abstract ii18557摘要 iii14842Contents iv116211.Introduction 528661.1IntroductiontotheAuthorandtheBackground 5231801.2PurposeofTranslation 5162341.3TheSignificanceofTranslationPractice 5124132.Translationprocess 5299312.1PreparationfortheProcess 5155192.2MajorDifficultiesEncountered 6211782.2.1Culturalloadwords 610732.2.2Polysyllabicwords 687422.2.3Longanddifficultsentences 6184742.3ProcessofSolvingDifficultiesandProofreadingAfterTranslation 6208963.FunctionalEquivalenceTheory:TheoreticalFrameworkandCaseAnalysis 743973.1FunctionalEquivalenceTheory 749733.1.1LexicalEquivalence 730463.1.2CulturalEquivalence 879373.1.3StylisticEquivalence 9167823.2TranslationTechniques 1046003.2.1LiteralTranslation 10218753.2.2FreeTranslation 1156413.2.3Conversion 12306294.Conclusion 1223401References 1432322Appendix 151.IntroductionTheintroductionofthispartmainlyincludesthefollowingthreeaspects:introductionoftheauthorandherbackground,purposeoftranslation,andsignificanceoftranslationpractice.1.1IntroductiontotheAuthorandtheBackgroundKetanjiBrownJacksonisthefirstAfrican-AmericanwomanintheUnitedStatestobeappointedtoJusticeoftheSupremeCourt.Herlifeexperienceisfullofstrugglesandbreakthroughs.HermemoirLovelyOne:AMemoirisavividrecordofhergrowthfromthebottomoftheapartheideratoanimportantfigureintheAmericanjudicialcommunity.Thelanguagestyleofthisbookisbothauthentic,objectiveandvivid,whichtruthfullyshowstheauthor'stenacityandpersistenceinthefaceofvariouschallenges.1.2PurposeofTranslationThelanguagestyleofthenovelisauthenticandobjective.Whendescribingtheauthor'sgrowthexperience,itavoidsexaggerationandfiction.Atthesametime,itshowstheauthor'sexperienceandgrowthinvividandaccuratelanguage,sothatreaderscandeeplyfeelthedifficultyandfirmnessofherjourney.1.3TheSignificanceofTranslationPracticeOnonehand,translationpromotescommunicationandunderstandingbetweendifferentcultures,enablingreaderstotranscendculturalboundariesandexperiencethelivesandspiritualworldsofothers.Ontheotherhand,itvalidatesandadvancesthetheoryoffunctionalreciprocityintranslationpractice,offeringboththeoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforthetranslationofsimilartexts.2.TranslationprocessThetranslationprocessisacomprehensiveandsystematicprocessthatrequirescarefulplanning,execution,andrefinement.Thischapteroutlinesthepreparation,maindifficulties,andpost-translationresolutionandproofreadingprocessofthetranslationprocess.Thetranslationaimstoachieveaccuracyandreadabilitywhileretainingthecultureandstyleoftheoriginaltext.2.1PreparationfortheProcessBeforestartingthetranslation,conductin-depthresearchontheauthor'slife,thehistoryofAmericanapartheid,theAmericanjudicialsystemandotherbackgroundknowledge,collectrelevantinformation,andbuildaknowledgeframework.Atthesametime,selectprofessionaldictionaries,onlinetranslationtoolsandrelatedtranslationandresearchliteratureasauxiliarytoolstoprepareforthelanguageandculturalproblemsthatmaybeencounteredinthetranslationprocess.2.2MajorDifficultiesEncounteredThetranslationofLovelyOne:AMemoirpresentsseveralsignificantchallengesduetoitsrichculturalreferences,complexvocabulary,andintricatesentencestructures.Thesedifficultiesarecategorizedintothreemainareas:2.2.1CulturalloadwordsTherearealargenumberofwordsinthetextthatinvolvespecifichistoricalandculturalcontextsintheUnitedStates,suchas"JimCrowsegregation"and"HBCU",etc.Thesewordscarryprofoundculturalconnotations,anditisdifficulttoconveytheirexactmeaningbydirecttranslation.2.2.2PolysyllabicwordsTherearemanypolysyllabicwordsinEnglish,andtheirmeaningsvarygreatlyindifferentcontexts.Forexample,themeaningoftheword"bar"inthelegalcontextisdifferentfromthatinthedailycontext,anditisnecessarytoaccuratelyjudgeitssemanticsinthetext.2.2.3LonganddifficultsentencesTherearemanylonganddifficultsentenceswithcomplexstructuresinthebook,includingmulti-layeredmodifiersandsubordinateclauses.HowtosortoutthesentencestructureandaccuratelytranslatethemintosentencesthatconformtoChineseexpressionhabitsisabigchallenge.2.3ProcessofSolvingDifficultiesandProofreadingAfterTranslationForculturallyloadedwords,byconsultinghistoricalandculturalmaterialsandreferringtoauthoritativetranslationcases,annotations,interpretationandannotationsareusedtotranslate.Forpolysyllabicwords,carefullyanalysethecontext,andcombinethebasicmeaningofthevocabulary,themeaningofquotationandcollocationhabitstodeterminetheirexactmeaning.Whendealingwithlonganddifficultsentences,firstanalysethesentencestructure,dividethesentencecomposition,andthenusesplitting,merging,adjustingthewordorderandothermethodstotranslate.Whensolvingtheproblemofculturaldifferences,weneedtodeeplyunderstandtheculturalconnotationoftheoriginaltext,andusenaturalisation,alienationandotherstrategies,sothatthetranslationcannotonlyconveytheculturalcharacteristicsoftheoriginaltext,butalsoconformtothereadinghabitsofChinesereaders.Inthepost-translationproofreadingstage,firstcarryoutself-proofreadingtochecktheaccuracy,fluencyandstyleconsistencyofthetranslation;thenaskprofessionalstoreviewandmodifyandimprovethetranslationaccordingtothefeedbacktoensurethequalityofthetranslation3.FunctionalEquivalenceTheory:TheoreticalFrameworkandCaseAnalysisNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheoryemphasizesthatthetargetlanguagereader'sresponsetothetranslatedtextshouldbethesameasthatofthesourcelanguagereader.Thetheoryfocusesonthreekeyaspects:vocabularyequivalence,culturalequivalence,andstyleequivalence.Vocabularyequivalenceensuresthatthetranslationaccuratelycommunicatesthemeaningoftheoriginaltextatthevocabularylevel,whileculturalequivalencepreservestheculturalcontextofthesourcetext.Styleequivalenceaimstoreplicatethetoneandstyleoftheoriginal,ensuringthatthetranslationresonateswiththetargetaudience.Usingcasestudies,thissectiondemonstrateshowfunctionalequivalencetheorycanguidethetranslationprocess,ensuringthatthefinaltextisbothfaithfultotheoriginalandreadabletothereader.3.1FunctionalEquivalenceTheoryThetheoryoffunctionalreciprocitywasproposedbyEugeneNida,emphasisingthatthereactionofreadersofthetranslatedtexttothetranslationisbasicallythesameasthatofreadersoftheoriginaltext.Thistheoryincludesthreeaspects:lexicalequality,culturalequalityandstyleequality.3.1.1LexicalEquivalenceFindwordssimilartotheoriginalwordsintermsofsemantics,pragmaticandculturalconnotationsinthetranslation,sothatthetranslationconveysthemeaningoftheoriginaltextatthevocabularylevel.Example1SourceText:Ifmymotherrememberherearliestyearswithanostalgicglow,myfather’sstartinlifewasmuchrockier.TargetText:如果我的母親用懷舊的光芒回憶起她最早的歲月，我父親的人生起點則要坎坷得多。Analysis:Inthetext,thephrase"nostalgicglow"isusedtodescribethemother'srecollectionofherearlyyears.Toachievelexicalequivalence,atranslatormightchoosewordsinthetargetlanguagethatevokeasimilarsenseofwarmthandfondness,suchas"懷舊的溫暖"inChinese,whichcapturestheemotionaltoneoftheoriginalphrase.Example2SourceText:Mydadvaguelyremembers

his

oldest

brotherasaspit-and-polishedmilitaryman,theoneonwhomeveryoneleaned,theclosestthingtoafatherfigureheandhissiblingshad.TargetText:我爸爸模糊地記得他最大的兄弟是個一絲不茍的軍人，是家中的頂梁柱，是他和兄弟姐妹們最接近父親形象的人。Analysis:Theterm"spit-and-polishedmilitaryman"isusedtodescribethefather'soldestbrother,Jimmy.Tomaintainlexicalequivalence,thetranslatorcoulduseaphraselike"一絲不茍的軍人"inChinese,whichconveysthesameimageofadisciplinedandwell-groomedsoldier.Example3SourceText:A

stocky,dark-skinned,anddeeplyreticentwoman,shewasusuallysobone-tiredattheendofherworkdaythatshewouldwordlesslymakedinnerforthefamilyandthenretiretobed.TargetText:一位身材矮壯、皮膚黝黑、沉默寡言的女人，她通常在一天工作結(jié)束后筋疲力盡，會默默地為家人做晚飯，然后上床休息。Analysis:Thephrase"bone-tired"isusedtodescribeMamaQueenie'sexhaustionafterwork.Atranslatormightchoose"筋疲力盡"inChinese,whichsimilarlyconveysextremefatigue,ensuringtheemotionalweightoftheoriginaltextispreserved.3.1.2CulturalEquivalenceConsiderthedifferencesbetweendifferentcultures,adoptappropriatetranslationstrategies,avoidculturalmisunderstandings,andenablethetranslationtoaccuratelyconveytheculturalinformationoftheoriginaltext.Example1SourceText:Asmydadhadbeenamongthetopstudentsintheirclassandwasanathletetoboot,hehadwonafull-tuitionscholarshiptotheHBCUofhischoice.TargetText:由于我父親是他們班上最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生之一，而且是一名運(yùn)動員，他獲得了他選擇的HBCU的全額獎學(xué)金。Analysis:Theterm"HBCU"(HistoricallyBlackCollegesandUniversities)isusedinthetext.Inatranslation,thetranslatormightneedtoexplainthesignificanceofHBCUinthecontextofAfricanAmericanhistory,perhapsbyaddingabriefnoteorusingadescriptivephraselike"歷史上為黑人學(xué)生設(shè)立的高等學(xué)府"inChinese.Example2SourceText:still,Iimaginethatthenationalheartbreakinwhich

my

parentssharedmust

have

coexistedwithanewandgiddysenseofthe

freedomtheythemselveswerefeeling,astheymovedbeyondthedemoralizingrealitiesof

theJimCrowsegregationthathadmarked

theirearlylives.TargetText:盡管如此，我想，我父母分享的國家情懷，一定與他們自己所感受到的新的自由感共存，因為他們超越了他們早期生活的吉姆克勞種族隔離制度令人沮喪的現(xiàn)實。Analysis:Thephrase"JimCrowsegregation"referstoaspecificperiodofracialsegregationintheUnitedStates.Atranslatormightneedtoprovideadditionalcontextoruseaculturallyequivalentterminthetargetlanguage,suchas"種族隔離制度"inChinese,toensurethereaderunderstandsthehistoricalandculturalimplications.Example3SourceText:Fortunately,althoughtheneighborhoodMamaQueenie

hadmovedthemtowasseparated

fromthemoreprosperousWhitepart

of

townbysurroundinghighways,LibertyCityinthe1950sofferedeverythingaboylikeJohnnyneededtoimprovehimself.TargetText:幸運(yùn)的是，盡管奎妮媽媽把他們搬到的社區(qū)被周圍的高速公路與城鎮(zhèn)中更繁榮的白色地區(qū)分隔開來，但20世紀(jì)50年代的自由城提供了像約翰尼這樣的男孩改善自己所需的一切。Analysis:"LibertyCity"isaneighborhoodinMiamiwithhistoricalsignificanceforAfricanAmericans.Thetranslation"自由城"(LibertyCity)retainsthenamewhileprovidingcontextinthesurroundingtexttoexplainitsculturalimportance.3.1.3StylisticEquivalenceMaintaintheconsistencyofthelanguagestyleofthetranslatedtextandtheoriginaltext,includingformality,stylecharacteristics,rhetoricaltechniques,etc.Example1SourceText:Mydadvaguelyremembers

his

oldest

brotherasaspit-and-polishedmilitaryman,theoneonwhomeveryoneleaned,theclosestthingtoafatherfigureheandhissiblingshad.TargetText:我爸爸模糊地記得他最大的兄弟是個一絲不茍的軍人，是家中的頂梁柱，是他和兄弟姐妹們最接近父親形象的人。Analysis:Thephrase"theoneonwhomeveryoneleaned"isusedtodescribeJimmy'sroleinthefamily.Tomaintainstylisticequivalence,atranslatormightuseasimilarlymetaphoricalexpressioninthetargetlanguage,suchas"家中的頂梁柱"inChinese,whichconveysthesamesenseofrelianceandsupport.Example2SourceText:MamaQueenie'sfirstborn,Jimmy,hadbeenstationedatanarmybaseinColorado.TargetText:奎妮媽媽的長子吉米就駐扎在科羅拉多州的一個陸軍基地。Analysis:Thesentenceisstraightforwardandfactualinboththesourceandtargettexts.Thetranslationmaintainsthesameformaltoneandstructure,ensuringstylisticconsistency.3.2TranslationTechniquesToaddressthechallengesencounteredintranslatingLovelyOne:AMemoir,severalkeytechniquesareemployed.3.2.1LiteralTranslationRetainthevocabulary,grammaticalstructureandexpressionoftheoriginaltextasmuchaspossibleunderthepremiseofnotviolatingtheexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguageandnotcausingmisunderstandings.Example1SourceText:MamaQueenie'sfirstborn,Jimmy,hadbeenstationedatanarmybaseinColorado.TargetText:奎妮媽媽的長子吉米就駐扎在科羅拉多州的一個陸軍基地。Analysis:Thetranslationretainstheoriginalstructureandmeaning,asthesentenceisclearanddoesnotrequireadaptation.Example2SourceText:Myfatherrecallsgrowingupfeelinglikeanonlychild.TargetText:父親回憶起，感覺自己像個獨生子女。Analysis:Thetranslationcloselyfollowstheoriginalsentencestructure,preservingthemeaningandtone.Example3SourceText:Hevisitedhomeduringfurloughsanddidwhathecouldtohelphismothermakeendsmeet.TargetText:他在休假期間回家，并盡其所能幫助母親維持收支平衡。Analysis:Thetranslationmaintainstheoriginalstructureandmeaning,ensuringclarityandaccuracy.3.2.2FreeTranslationWhentheliteraltranslationcannotaccuratelyconveythemeaningoftheoriginaltextordoesnotconformtotheexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguage,itisflexiblytranslatedaccordingtothemeaningoftheoriginaltexttoconveythemaininformationoftheoriginaltext.Example1SourceText:Mydadvaguelyremembershisoldestbrotherasaspit-and-polishedmilitaryman.TargetText:我父親模糊地記得他的哥哥是一個精練的軍人。Analysis:Thetranslationsimplifiesthephrase"spit-and-polishedmilitaryman"to"精練的軍人"(refinedmilitaryman)toensurethemeaningisclearandnaturalinChinese.Example2SourceText:Shewasusuallysobone-tiredattheendofherworkdaythatshewouldwordlesslymakedinnerforthefamilyandthenretiretobed.TargetText:在工作日結(jié)束時通常都非常疲憊，她會一聲不吭地為家人做晚飯，然后上床睡覺。Analysis:ThetranslationrephrasesthesentencetomakeitmorenaturalinChinesewhileretainingtheoriginalmeaning.Example3SourceText:Mydaddoesn’trecallhismothereveraskinghimabouthomework.TargetText:我爸爸不記得他的母親曾經(jīng)問過他關(guān)于家庭作業(yè)。Analysis:ThetranslationadjuststhesentencestructuretofitChineseexpressionhabitswhilepreservingthemeaning.3.2.3ConversionAccordingtotheexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguage,thepartofspeech,sentencestructure,tone,etc.oftheoriginaltextareconvertedtomakethetranslationmorenaturalandfluent.Example1SourceText:Myfatherwasanathleteandastaronthebasketballteam.TargetText:我爸爸是一名運(yùn)動員，也是籃球隊的明星。Analysis:ThetranslationconvertsthesentencestructuretomakeitmorenaturalinChinese,whileretainingtheoriginalmeaning.Example2SourceText:Hesavedeverypennyofhiswagessothathecouldpayhisownway.TargetText:他節(jié)省了每一分錢的工資，以便他可以自由花費。Analysis:ThetranslationadjuststhesentencestructuretofitChineseexpressionhabits,makingitmorefluent.Example3SourceText:Mymotherdidthis,inpart,bylettingallherstudentsknowthatshesawtheirfullhumanity.TargetText:我母親這樣做，在某種程度上，讓她所有的學(xué)生知道她看到他們的人性。Analysis:ThetranslationconvertsthesentencestructuretomakeitmorenaturalinChinese,whilepreservingtheoriginalmeaning.ConclusionThroughthetranslationpracticeofthesecondchapterofLovelyOne:AMemoir,mainlyintermsofculture-loadedwords,polysyllabicwords,longandcomplexsentences,aswellasculturaldifferences.Theseissuesnotonlyaffectedtheaccuracyofthetranslationbutalsoposedobstaclestothetransmissionoftheoriginalstyleandculturalconnotations.Toaddresstheseproblems,itisnecessarytoadoptscientifictranslationtheoriesandflexibletranslationtechniquestoensurethatthetranslationisbothfaithfultotheoriginalandacceptabletothetargetreaders.Inresponsetotheaboveproblems,thistranslationpracticemainlyusesfunctionalequivalencetheory,analyzingvariousaspectsoflexical,culturalandstylisticequivalence,andincorporatingavarietyoftranslationtechniquessuchasliteraltranslation,freetranslationandconversion.Forexample,whendealingwithculturallyloadedwords,thewayinwhichtheyaretranslatedpreservestheculturalidentityoftheoriginalandavoidsbarrierstounderstandingforthetargetaudience;Whentranslatinglonganddifficultsentences,theauthoradoptsthemethodoftransformationtobreakdownthecomplexsentenceintosimpleandclearexpressions,whichmakesthetranslationmoreinlinewiththeexpressinghabitsofthetargetlanguage.Throughthesestrategies,notonlyaredifficultiesintranslationeffectivelysolved,butalsonewideasandmethodsfortranslationofsimilartexts.Inresponsetotheaboveproblems,thistranslationpracticemainlyusesfunctionalequivalencetheory,analyzingvariousaspectsofvocabulary,cultureandstyleequivalence,andincorporatingavarietyoftranslationtechniquessuchasdirecttranslation,interpretationandtranslation.Forexample,whendealingwithculturallyloadedwords,thewayinwhichtheyaretranslatedpreservestheculturalidentityoftheoriginalandavoidsbarrierstounderstandingforthetargetaudience;Whentranslatinglonganddifficultsentences,theauthoradoptsthemethodoftransformationtobreakdownthecomplexsentenceintosimpleandclearexpressions,whichmakesthetranslationmoreinlinewiththeexpressinghabitsofthetargetlanguage.Throughthesestrategies,notonlyaredifficultiesintranslationeffectivelysolved,butalsonewideasandmethodsfortranslationofsimilartexts.ReferencesDaoyuH&ChangL.KennethRexroth’sTranslationofDuFuPoetryfromthePerspectiveofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory[J].EnglishLanguageandLiteratureStudies,2024.FengM&LuoR.AnAnalysisoftheUseofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryinNovelTranslation—TakingEverythingINeverToldYouasanExample[J].LectureNotesonLanguageandLiterature,2024.GaoL.AStudyontheApplicationofFunctionalEquivalencetoBusinessEnglishE-CTranslation[J].TheoryandPracticeinLanguageStudies,2018.ZhangQ.ApplicationofFunctionalEquivalenceinEnglish-ChineseSubtitleTranslationinGreenBook[J].EnglishLanguageTeachingandLinguisticsStudies,2024.ZhongJ.InternationalPublicityTranslationBasedonthePerspectiveofEugeneNida’sFunctionalEquivalenceTheory:ACaseStudyof2022GovernmentWorkReport[J].JournalofEducation,TeachingandSocialStudies,2024.任彥卿.功能對等理論視角下中國特色表達(dá)的翻譯策略——以電影《我和我的祖國》為例[J].中國民族博覽,2024,(23):203-205.朱玉.功能對等理論視角下大學(xué)生翻譯水平提升策略研究[J].長春大學(xué)學(xué)報,2024,34(08):58-61.張磊,包雋.功能對等理論視角下的科技文本翻譯難點與策略分析[J].今古文創(chuàng),2024,(38):93-96.黃靜雅.英漢翻譯中的文化差異及應(yīng)對策略——評《新時期英語翻譯理論與實踐的多維度研究》[J].中國高?？萍?2022,(Z1):146.呂娜.功能對等理論在英語翻譯中的應(yīng)用探討——評《英漢翻譯技巧》[J].熱帶作物學(xué)報,2021,42(06):1843.AppendixSourceTextTargetTextIF

MY

MOTHERREMEMBERSherearliestyearswithanostalgicglow,myfather’sstart

inlifewasmuchrockier.如果我的母親用懷舊的光芒回憶起她最早的歲月，我父親的人生起點則要坎坷得多。Bornfivehundred

miles

northwestofMiamiinthe

townofFitzgerald,Georgia,JohnnyBrownwastheyoungestof

fivechildren,with

threebrothers,Jimmy,Thomas,andCornelius,andasister,Carrie.Mydad’soldestbrother,Jimmy,wasfifteenyearsolderthanhewas,andCarrie,thesiblingclosesttohiminage,wasthreeyearsolder.約翰尼·布朗出生在邁阿密西北500英里處的喬治亞州的菲茨杰拉德鎮(zhèn)，是五個孩子中最小的一個，有三個哥哥，吉米、托馬斯和科尼利厄斯，還有一個姐姐凱莉。我父親的大哥吉米比他大15歲，而與他年紀(jì)最相仿的凱莉則比他大3歲。Myfatherrecallsgrowingupfeelinglikeanonlychild,asJimmyhadjoinedthearmedforcesrightoutofhigh

school,andmydad’sothersiblingswerefullyoccupiedwiththeirownactivities

bythetimehe

noticedhissolitariness.父親回憶起，感覺自己像個獨生子，吉米高中畢業(yè)就加入了軍隊，當(dāng)他注意到自己的孤獨時，他的其他兄弟姐妹都完全忙于自己的事業(yè)中。Ontopofthat,hehadweatheredafoundationallossatagetwowhenhisparentsdivorced.Hisfather,ThomasLoganBrown,disappearedfromhislife,andhismother,whogaveuphermarriednameofBrownandwentbacktohermaidenname,QueenAnderson,waslefttocareforthefivechildrenonher

own.最重要的是，在他兩歲時經(jīng)歷了父母離婚的傷害。他的父親托馬斯·洛根·布朗從他的生活中消失了，他的母親只能獨自照顧這五個孩子，放棄了婚姻名字布朗，回到了她的娘家姓安德森女王。Whenmyfatherwasinelementaryschool,

MamaQueenie’sfirstborn,Jimmy,hadbeenstationedatanarmybaseinColorado.Hevisitedhomeduringfurloughsanddidwhathecouldtohelphismothermakeendsmeet.當(dāng)我父親上小學(xué)的時候，奎妮媽媽的長子吉米就駐扎在科羅拉多州的一個陸軍基地。他在休假期間回家，并盡其所能幫助母親維持收支平衡。Mydadvaguelyremembers

his

oldest

brotherasaspit-and-polishedmilitaryman,theoneonwhomeveryoneleaned,theclosestthingtoafatherfigureheandhissiblingshad.我爸爸模糊地記得他最大的兄弟是個一絲不茍的軍人，是家中的頂梁柱，是他和兄弟姐妹們最接近父親形象的人。ButonlytwoyearsafterJimmyenlisted,thenewscamethathehadbeenkilledwhenatransport

vehiclein

whichheandothersoldierswere

travelingoverturned

whiletryingtonavigateanicymountainnearthebase.IcanonlyimaginethedevastationMamaQueeniemusthavefeltatthelossofherson,evenasshetriedtorallyforthesakeofherfourremainingchildren.但就在吉米入伍兩年后，有消息稱，他和其他士兵在一輛運(yùn)輸車上駕駛基地附近一座結(jié)冰的山時翻倒。我只能想象奎妮媽媽在失去兒子時所遭受的傷害，即使她試圖為了她剩下的四個孩子而團(tuán)結(jié)起來。Thesummerbeforemydadwastoenterthefourthgrade,shedecidedtomovesouthtoMiami,wherehersisterandotherrelativeslived,andwhere,asasinglemother,shewouldbeabletogetmoresupport.在我父親上四年級之前的那個夏天，她決定搬到邁阿密，她的姐姐和其他親戚住在那里，作為一個單身母親，在那里她可以得到更多的支持。Bythen,myuncle

Thomashad

graduatedhighschoolandwasoutofthehouse,havingfollowedhislatebrotherintothearmy.MamaQueeniefoundamodestdwellingforherselfandherthreeyoungestchildreninLibertyCity,afewblocksfromwheremymother’sfamilywouldlaterlive.那時，我的叔叔托馬斯已經(jīng)高中畢業(yè)，離開了家，跟隨他已故的兄弟加入了軍隊。奎妮媽媽在自由城為她自己和她的三個最小的孩子找到了一個簡樸的住所，離我母親一家后來住的地方只有幾個街區(qū)。ButiftheRossfamilysocializedandplayedgamestogetherasamatterofcourse,mydadrecallshischildhoodhomeasaquietplace.MamaQueeniewasalwaysawayworking,firstasahousecleanerandlaterasanurse’saide,takingonasmanyshiftsasshecouldtoscrabbletogetheralivingforthefamily.

CarrieandCorneliuswerealsousuallyoff

somewhere,doingteenagethings,withmydadspendingmostofhistimealone.但如果羅斯一家理所當(dāng)然地一起社交和玩游戲，我爸爸會想起他童年的家是一個安靜的地方?？輯寢尶偸峭獬龉ぷ?，先是做家庭清潔工，后來做了護(hù)士助理，盡可能多地輪班，為家庭維持生活。凱莉和科尼利厄斯也經(jīng)常在某個地方外出，做一些十幾歲的事情，我爸爸大部分時間都在獨處。MamaQueeniewasn’tgiventoinquiringabouther

children’s

activities.

A

stocky,

dark-skinned,anddeeplyreticentwoman,

shewasusuallysobone-tiredattheendofherworkdaythatshewouldwordlesslymakedinnerforthefamilyandthenretiretobed.Mydaddoesn’trecallhismothereveraskinghim

abouthomework,

havingaconversation

withanyofhisteachers,orattendinganyeventsathisschool.奎妮媽媽不去打擾她孩子們的活動。她是一位身材矮壯、皮膚黝黑、沉默寡言的女人，她通常在一天工作結(jié)束后筋疲力盡，會默默地為家人做晚飯，然后上床休息。我爸爸不記得他的母親曾經(jīng)問過他關(guān)于家庭作業(yè)，和他的老師交談，或者參加過他學(xué)校的任何活動。Infact,heusedtosignhisown

reportcards,forginghismother’ssignatureratherthanengagingherforthisoranythingelserelatedtohiseducation.He

understoodinstinctivelythatMamaQueenieneededhimandhissiblingsto

fendforthemselves,todotheirworkandstayoutof

troublewhileshedidherutmosttokeeparoofovertheirheads.事實上，他曾經(jīng)在自己的成績單上簽名，偽造他母親的簽名，而不是讓她為此或其他與他的教育有關(guān)的事情。他本能地明白，奎妮媽媽需要他和他的兄弟姐妹們自謀生路，自己工作，遠(yuǎn)離麻煩，而她則盡最大努力來維持他們的生計。Fortunately,althoughtheneighborhoodMamaQueenie

hadmovedthemtowasseparated

fromthemoreprosperousWhitepart

of

townbysurroundinghighways,LibertyCityinthe1950sofferedeverythingaboylikeJohnnyneededtoimprovehimself.幸運(yùn)的是，盡管奎妮媽媽把他們搬到的社區(qū)被周圍的高速公路與城鎮(zhèn)中更繁榮的白色地區(qū)分隔開來，但20世紀(jì)50年代的自由城提供了像約翰尼這樣的男孩改善自己所需的一切。LibertyCityatthattimewasveryclose-knitandsupportive,”hetoldme,“soeventhoughwewereisolated

fromtheWhiteneighborhoods,formeitwasagoodplacetoland.“自由城當(dāng)時非常緊密和支持，”他告訴我，“所以即使我們與白人社區(qū)隔離，對我來說，這是一個著陸的好地方。”“ThecommunitywasasafeandaffirmingplaceforBlackchildren;alltheadultslookedoutforyou.這個社區(qū)是黑人兒童的一個安全和肯定的地方；所有的成年人都在照顧你。AfterintegrationcametoMiamiinthesixties,andthecitystartedbusingchildrentodifferentareas,therewasalotofturmoil.60年代來到邁阿密，城市開始用巴士送孩子去不同的地區(qū)，出現(xiàn)了很多混亂。ButbackwhenIwascomingup,itwasacalmertime.Andbecauseallourteachershadbeenatthetopoftheirclasses,theywereabsolutelyexcellent.但當(dāng)我上來的時候，那是一段更平靜的時光。因為我們所有的老師都是他們班上的第一名，所以他們非常優(yōu)秀。SincenoneofthemwouldbehiredbyWhiteschools,theybroughtallofthattalentandbrilliancetokidslikemeintheBlackneighborhoods.”因為他們都不會被白人學(xué)校雇傭，所以他們把所有的才華和才華都帶給了像我這樣的黑人社區(qū)的孩子們?！盜twasatMiamiNorthwesternSeniorHighSchool,inLibertyCity,thatJohnnyBrownfirstseteyesonmymother.Mydadwasanathleteandastaronthebasketballteam,which

madehimsomethingofabigshotoncampus.Butthiswasn’tenoughtoimpresstheteam’sscorekeeperandstatistician,hisclassmate

ElleryRoss.在自由城的邁阿密西北高中，約翰尼·布朗第一次看到了我的母親。我爸爸是一名運(yùn)動員，也是籃球隊的明星，這讓他在校園里很有機(jī)會。但這還不足以讓球隊的記分員和統(tǒng)計學(xué)家，他的同學(xué)埃勒里·羅斯留下深刻印象。“Inoticedthatshewassmart,serious,good-looking,andveryclosetoherfamily,andIalsonoticedthatshebarelynoticedme,”hesaid,chuckling.“我注意到她聰明、嚴(yán)肅、漂亮，和她的家人很親近，我也注意到她幾乎沒有注意到我，”他咯咯地笑著說。MydadwasalsoacquaintedwiththeyoungerRossbrothers,HaroldandCalvin;theboysnotonlyattendedthesamehighschoolbutalsoplayedpickupbasketballtogetheronneighborhoodcourts.Thisconnectionwouldsoonprovetobefortuitous.我爸爸還認(rèn)識羅斯弟弟哈羅德和加爾文；這兩個男孩不僅上了同一所高中，還在附近的球場上一起打小籃球。這種聯(lián)系很快就會被證明是偶然的。Thoughmyparentsgraduatedfromhighschoolinthesameyear,andbothhadbeenadmittedtohistoricallyBlackcolleges,mymotherwentofftoTuskegeeUniversityayearbeforemyfatherstartedasafreshmanatKentuckyState.Asmydadhadbeenamongthetopstudentsintheirclassandwasanathletetoboot,hehadwonafull-tuitionscholarshiptotheHBCUofhischoice.雖然我的父母在同一年從高中畢業(yè)，而且都被歷史上的黑人大學(xué)錄取，但我的母親在我父親進(jìn)入肯塔基州立大學(xué)一年級前一年去了塔斯基吉大學(xué)。由于我父親是他們班上最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生之一，而且是一名運(yùn)動員，他獲得了他選擇的HBCU的全額獎學(xué)金。ButheknewthatMamaQueeniewouldnotbeabletoaffordthe

additional

costsofattendance.Andso,after

deferring

hisacceptanceforayear,hetookajobwashingdishesandbusingtablesintheSears,Roebuckcafeteria,andanotheronepumpinggasforStandardOil.Hesavedeverypennyofhiswagessothathecouldpayhisownway.但他知道，奎尼媽媽將負(fù)擔(dān)不起額外的出席費用。因此，在推遲了一年之后，他開始了在西爾斯、羅巴克餐廳洗碗和公共餐桌的工作，還有一份為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)石油加油的工作。他節(jié)省了每一分錢的工資，以便他可以自由花費。HefinallygottoKentuckyState,inFrankfort,in1964,andfoundtheschooltobecordialandnurturing.1964年，他終于到達(dá)了位于法蘭克福特的肯塔基州立大學(xué)，并發(fā)現(xiàn)這所學(xué)校熱情而有教養(yǎng)。Buthestillfeltrestless,isolated,andfarfromhome.AfterresearchinghisoptionshedecidedtotransfertoanotherHBCU,NorthCarolinaCentralUniversity,

in

Durham,becauseanumberof

notedBlacks