技術(shù)報(bào)告及使用指南》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主要變化及對(duì)相關(guān)要點(diǎn)的理解CNAS-TRC-013:2017定國(guó)家認(rèn)可委員會(huì)（CNAS）以ISO/TC207CNAS-TRC-013:2017個(gè)階段：即原材料的獲取、設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸/交付、使用、壽命結(jié)束后處理以及最CNAS-TRC-013:2017是新的ISO管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通用結(jié)構(gòu)，包括通用的術(shù)語(yǔ)、定義、標(biāo)題和正文。ISO在管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。HLS適用于ISO發(fā)布的管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，且有關(guān)ISO14001:2015及相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的更多信息，可CNAS-TRC-013:2017關(guān)于“應(yīng)在環(huán)境管理體系內(nèi)規(guī)定對(duì)這些過(guò)程實(shí)施控制或施加影響的類(lèi)型與程度”——關(guān)于組織實(shí)現(xiàn)其環(huán)境管理體系預(yù)期結(jié)CNAS-TRC-013:2017CNAS-TRC-013:2017CNAS-TRC-013:2017CNAS-TRC-013:2017本文件是依據(jù)ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5工作組專(zhuān)家在ISO14001修訂期間所取得的起草組為了將環(huán)境管理體系（EMS）的特定要求添加到核心正文中，并在起草過(guò)程中繼續(xù)符合附件SL的使用規(guī)則，起草組經(jīng)協(xié)商后采用了一種整合的方案：即按照ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5的工作原則，根據(jù)不同的主題，以靈活的方式將EMS的具體要求加入到核心正文中。一些情況下，將EMS的要求形成一個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子或進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明項(xiàng)；另外一些情況下將EMS要求插在一些情況下，為保持適宜性，起草組對(duì)ISO/IEC）））；再利用和再循環(huán)，保護(hù)土地等）。這個(gè)概念在如附件A.3所述，短語(yǔ)“在其控制下工作的人員”包括為組織工作的人員和那些代表組織工作并承擔(dān)相應(yīng)職責(zé)的人員（例如：合同方）。它代替了前版ISO14001標(biāo)為了解決某些語(yǔ)言的翻譯問(wèn)題，ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5決定在定義“合規(guī)義務(wù)”上11.在ISO14001環(huán)境管理和ISO19600合規(guī)管理中，術(shù)語(yǔ)“合規(guī)義務(wù)”WG5無(wú)意在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)上述要求作出區(qū)分，即：不為每一類(lèi)要求設(shè)——組織與外部供方存在一定關(guān)系，此時(shí)的?！保?，沒(méi)有提出文件化信息的要求。由于每個(gè)組織的EMS是獨(dú)特的，在7.5.1中規(guī)定：一個(gè)以理解他們的有關(guān)需求和期望。ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5認(rèn)為，組織基于相關(guān)方要求的基于長(zhǎng)期的共識(shí)，ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5在201保留“允許組織分階段實(shí)施EMS的方案”。針對(duì)有些組織可能會(huì)有目的地“挑選”EMS的范圍和邊界一經(jīng)界定，就不允許將已確定范圍內(nèi)的活動(dòng)、產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)排其（EMS）與ISO14001:2015標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的符合性應(yīng)當(dāng)基于一個(gè)穩(wěn)固的、可信的和可靠的——意圖是確定并應(yīng)對(duì)與組織所處環(huán)境有關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和機(jī)遇（即來(lái)自于4.1和4,2結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行分析。ISO/TC207/SC1/WG5認(rèn)為這并重要環(huán)境因素（包括運(yùn)用生命周期觀點(diǎn)），以及合規(guī)義務(wù)。上述這些都是條款6.1.4），條款9.2.2中使用的術(shù)語(yǔ)“審核”指的是由組織實(shí)施或者是代表組織實(shí)施的內(nèi)部審StrategicEnvironmentalManagementThereisanincreasedprominenceofenvironmentaImanagementwithintheorganization’sstrategicpIanningprocesses.Anewrequirementtounderstandtheorganization’scontexthasbeenincorporatedtoidentifyandIeverageopportunitiesforthebenefitofboththeorganizationandtheenvironment.ParticuIarfocusisonissuesorchangingcircumstancesreIatedtotheneedsandexpectationsofinterestedparties(incIudingreguIatoryrequirements)andIocaI,regionaIorgIobaIenvironmentaIconditionsthatcanaffect,orbeaffectedby,theorganization.Onceidentifiedasapriority,actionstomitigateadverseriskorexpIoitbeneficiaIopportunitiesareintegratedintheoperationaIpIanningoftheenvironmentaImanagementsystem.LeadershipToensurethesuccessofthesystem,anewcIausehasbeenaddedthatassignsspecificresponsibiIitiesforthoseinIeadershiproIestopromoteenvironmentaImanagementwithintheorganization.ProtectingtheenvironmentTheexpectationonorganizationshasbeenexpandedtocommittoproactiveinitiativestoprotecttheenvironmentfromharmanddegradation,consistentwiththecontextoftheorganization.Therevisedtextdoesnotdefine(protecttheenvironment’butitnotesthatitcanincIudepreventionofpoIIution,sustainabIeresourceuse,cIimatechangemitigationandadaptation,protectionofbiodiversityandecosystems,etc.EnvironmentalperformanceThereisashiftinemphasiswithregardtocontinuaIimprovement,fromimprovingthemanagementsystemtoimprovingenvironmentaIperformance.Consistentwiththeorganization’spoIicycommitmentstheorganizationwouId,asappIicabIe,reduceemissions,effIuentsandwastetoIeveIssetbytheorganization.LifecycleperspectiveInadditiontothecurrentrequirementtomanageenvironmentaIaspectsassociatedwithprocuredgoodsandservice,organizationswiIIneedtoextenditscontroIandinfIuencetotheenvironmentaIimpactsassociatedwithproductdesignanddeveIopmenttoaddresseachstageoftheIifecycIe,i.e.acquisitionofrawmateriaIs,design,production,transportation/deIivery,use,end–of–IifetreatmentandfinaIdisposaI.ThisdoesnotimpIyarequirementtodoaIifecycIeassessment.2?ISO20OutsourcedprocessesOrganizationsneedtocontroIorinfIuenceoutsourcedprocesses.CommunicationThedeveIopmentofacommunicationsstrategywithequaIemphasisonexternaIandinternaIcommunicationshasbeenadded.ThisincIudesarequirementoncommunicatingconsistentandreIiabIeinformation,andestabIishingmechanismsforpersonsworkingundertheorganization'scontroItomakesuggestionsonimprovingtheenvironmentaImanagementsystem.ThedecisiontocommunicateexternaIIyisretainedbytheorganizationbutthedecisionneedstotakeintoaccountinformationreportingrequiredbyreguIatoryagenciesandtheexpectationsofotherinterestedparties.DocumentationRefIectingtheevoIutionofcomputerandcIoudbasedsystemsforrunningmanagementsystems,therevisionincorporatestheterm(documentedinformation,,insteadof(documents,and(records,.ToaIignwithISO9001,theorganizationwiIIretainthefIexibiIitytodeterminewhen(procedures,areneededtoensureeffectiveprocesscontroI.ISOcommonframeworkformanagementsystemsItusesISOnewHighLeveIStructure(HLS)forManagementSystemStandards(MSS)whichisanewcommonframeworkforISOmanagementsystemstandards,whichincorporateidenticaIcoretext,andcommontermswithcoredefinitions.ThenewframeworkisdesignedtobenefitusersimpIementingmuItipIeISOmanagementsystemstandardsandbeappIicabIetoanymanagementsystemstandard.ThisaIIowscompatibiIityacrossISOmanagementsystemstandardswhiIeofferingsubject–specificfIexibiIity.FormoreinformationaboutISO14001:2015andreIatedstandards,visittheISO/TC207/SC1website–/tc207sc1Theorganizationshallensurethatheguidanceonthetermoutsourcedprocessfounprocurementprocess)tocontrolorinfluence(an)outsourcedprocesbaseduponfactorssuchas:-thecompetenceoftheexternalprovidertomeettheorgasystemrequirements;-thetechnicalcompetencadequacyofcontrols;-theimportanceandpotentialefecttheproductandservicewillhaveontheorganizatioabilitytoachievetheintendedoutcomeofitsenCNAS-TRC-013:2017-theextenttowhichcontrolo-thecapabilityofachievingthenecessarycontrolthroughthprocurementprocess;fromdirectcontroltolimitedornoinfluence.Insomecases,anoutsourcedprocessperforonsitemightbeunderthedirectabilitytoinfluenceanoutsourcedprocessCNAS-TRC-013:2017Whyincludelifecycleperspective?AccordingtoISO14001-Asystematicapproachtoenvironmentalmanagementcanprovidetopmanagementwithinformationtobuildsuccessoverthelongtermandcreateoptionsforcontributingtosustainabledevelopmentbycontrollingorinfluencingthewaytheorganization'sproductsandservicesaredesigned,manufactured,distributed,consumedanddisposedbyusingalifecycleperspectivethatcanpreventenvironmentalimpactsfrombeingunintentionallyshiftedelsewherewithinthelifecycle.Whatisalifecycle?Thedefinitionoflifecycleis‘Consecutiveandinterlinkedstagesofaproduct(orservice)system,fromrawmaterialacquisitionorgenerationfromnaturalresourcestofinaldisposal.Lifecyclestagesincludeacquisitionofrawmaterials,design,production,transportation/delivery,use,end-of-lifetreatmentandfinaldisposal.’IsalifecycleassessmentarequirementinISO14001?No,itisnotarequirementasclearlystatedinAnnextoISO14001A6.1.2:‘Whendeterminingenvironmentalaspects,theorganizationconsidersalifecycleperspective.Thisdoesnotrequireadetailedlifecycleassessment;thinkingcarefullyaboutthelifecyclestagesthatcanbecontrolledorinfluencedbytheorganizationissuficient.Typicalstagesofaproductlifecycleincluderawmaterialacquisition,design,production,transportation/delivery,use,end-of-lifetreatmentandfinaldisposal.Thelifecyclestagesthatareapplicablewillvarydependingontheactivity,productorservice.‘Whyconsiderlifecycleperspective?ThereasonaccordingtoISO14001isthat‘Someoftheorganization’ssignificantenvironmentalimpactscanoccurduringthetransport,delivery,use,end-of-lifetreatmentorfinaldisposalofitsproductorservice.Byprovidinginformation,anorganizationcanpotentiallypreventormitigateadverseenvironmentalimpactsduringtheselifecyclestages.Theorganizationconsiderstheextentofcontrolorinfluencethatitcanexertoveractivities,productsandservicesconsideringalifecycleperspective.GuidancefromISO14004Practicalhelp-LifecycleperspectiveAlifecycleperspectiveincludesconsiderationoftheenvironmentalaspectsofanorganization’sactivities,products,andservicesthatitcancontrolorinfluence.Stagesinalifecycleincludeacquisitionofrawmaterials,design,production,transportation/delivery,use,endoflifetreatment,andfinaldisposal.Whenapplyingalifecycleperspectivetoitsproductsandservices,theorganizationshouldconsiderthefollowing:—thestageinthelifecycleoftheproductorservice,—thedegreeofcontrolithasoverthelifecyclestages,e.g.aproductdesignermayberesponsibleforrawmaterialselection,whereasamanufacturermayonlyberesponsibleforreducingrawmaterialuseandminimizingprocesswasteandtheusermayonlyberesponsibleforuseanddisposaloftheproduct,—thedegreeofinfluenceithasoverthelifecycle,e.g.thedesignermayonlyinfluencethemanufacturersproductionmethods,whereasthemanufacturermyalsoinfluencetheCNAS-TRC-013:2017designandthewaytheproductisusedoritsmethodofdisposal,—thelifeoftheproduct,—theorganization’sinfluenceonthesupplychain,—thelengthofthesupplychain,and—thetechnologicalcomplexityoftheproduct.Theorganizationcanconsiderthosestagesinthelifecycleoverwhichithasthegreatestcontrolorinfluenceasthesemayofferthegreatestopportunitytoreduceresourceuseandminimizepollutionorwaste.ISO14001keyrequirementsthatreferstolifecycleperspectiveare:“6.1.2EnvironmentalaspectsWithinthedefinedscopeoftheenvironmentalmanagementsystem,theorganizationshalldeterminetheenvironmentalaspectsofitsactivities,productsandservicesthatitcancontrolandthosethatitcaninfluence,andtheirassociatedenvironmentalimpacts,consideringalifecycleperspective.““8.1OperationalPlanningandControl…..”Consistentwithalifecycleperspective,theorganizationshall:a)establishcontrolsasappropriatetoensurethatitsenvironmentalrequirement(s)areaddressedinthedesignanddevelopmentprocessfortheproductorservice,consideringeachstageofitslifecycle;b)determineitsenvironmentalrequirement(s)fortheprocurementofproductsandservicesasappropriate;c)communicateitsrelevantenvironmentalrequirement(s)toexternalproviders,includingcontractors;d)considertheneedtoprovideinformationaboutpotentialsignificantenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththetransportationordelivery,use,end-of-lifetreatmentandfinaldisposalofitsproductsandservices.”CNAS-TRC-013:2017GeneralconceptsTermsandDefinitionsclausespecificconceptsthedition).1.WhyhassomeofthetextinAnnexSL,ISO’srequirementsformanagementsystemstandards,beenmodified?simplicity,clarityandtranslatabilitybeconciseandavoidredundancyflexibilityandeaseofuseofthestandardverifiabilitycompatibilitywiththeotherelementsofthestandard.2.WhathappenedtoalloftherequiredproceduresinISO14001:2004?CNAS-TRC-013:20173.Whyistherenoclauseon“effects”ontheenvironment.CNAS-TRC-013:20179.Howarethetermsanddefinitionsorderedinclause3?requirementsandotherrequirements11.Isthereadiferencebetweentheuseoftheterm"complianceobligations"inISO14001forenvironmentalmanagementandISO19600forcompliancemanagement?12.DoesISO14001treattheapplicationsofanorganizati(e.g.mandatoryrequirements,voCNAS-TRC-013:2017mandatoryrequirementssuchasregulationsandlegallybindingrequirements,anexternalorganization16.WhatisexpectedastheoutCNAS-TRC-013:201718.Whatistheintentofconsideringclauses4.1and4.2wh19.Whatistheintentofclause4.3,determiningthescopeofanEMS?CNAS-TRC-013:2017Annex,A.4.3andA.4.4for20.Whatistheintentofthepolicycommitmenttoprotectmitigation,etc.).22.Whataresomeexamplesofcri