語法專題突破專題五介詞及介詞短語

表示時間的介詞1.

in，on與at介詞用法in常與年、月、季節(jié)、泛指的“早上、下午、晚上”及一段時間

連用on常與具體日期、節(jié)日、星期幾、具體的“早上、下午、晚上”

等連用at常與具體時刻、年齡或一天中的某段時間連用2.

after與in介詞意義及用法afterafter＋時間點，表示“在……（時刻）之后”，常與將來時連用after＋時間段，表示“在……之后”，常與過去時連用inin＋時間段，“多久以后”，常與將來時連用，用how

soon提問如：After

an

hour

I

went

home.一個小時后我回家了。I’ll

go

home

in

an

hour.我一小時后回家。3.

for與since介詞意義及用法forfor＋時間段，表示“（動作持續(xù)）多久”，句子常用現(xiàn)在完成

時、過去完成時或一般過去時since表示“自從（過去某時）以來”，常見用法：since＋過去的時間點；since＋時間段＋ago如：I

have

studied

English

for

10

years.我學(xué)英語已經(jīng)十年了。I

have

studied

English

since

10

years

ago.我從十年前就開始

學(xué)英語了。

表示地點和方位的介詞1.

at與in介詞用法atat＋小地點（車站、電影院等）inin＋大地點（洲名、國家名、城市名等）

2.in，on與to介詞用法圖示in表示“在……里”

on表示兩個不同的個體相鄰或接

壤，意為“毗鄰；接壤”

to表示兩個個體之間有一定距離

【注意】in和on的區(qū)別in

the

tree表示人或其他物體“在樹上”on

the

tree表示枝、葉、果實等“長在樹上”in

the

wall表示門、窗等“嵌在墻上”on

the

wall表示東西粘貼或“掛在墻上”

3.between與among【講解見本書第3課時P19的考點6】4.

in

front

of與in

the

front

of【講解見本書第5課時P32的考點5】5.

above，over與on【講解見本書第28課時P150的考點1】

表示方式、手段或工具的介詞1.

by，in與on表示交通方式介詞用法byby＋交通工具（原形）inin＋限定詞＋小型交通工具onon＋限定詞＋大型交通工具，自行車除外

2.by，in，on與with表示手段或工具介詞意義及用法byby＋動名詞，表示“通過……方式；以……方式、方法、手段”in表示“用……方式、語言、顏色”等，語言、材料前不加冠詞on表示“通過；使用；借助于”，后跟電子通訊設(shè)備with表示“用；使用；以；借”，后常接具體的工具或身體的某個部位

3.across，through與over【講解見本書第5課時P31的考點4】

其他常見介詞介詞意義示例about關(guān)于；對于a

book

about

flowersacross從一邊到另一邊；橫過go

across在……各處；遍及across

the

countryafter在……后after

lunch，run

after反復(fù)不斷或一個接一個day

after

day介詞意義示例against反對；與……相反fight

against，play

against緊靠；倚；撞The

rain

beat

against

the

windows.around圍繞；環(huán)繞look

around

sth.到處；向各處around

the

worldas像；如同be

dressed

as

clowns作為；當(dāng)作regard…as，treat…as介詞意義示例before在……以前（表時間）before

lunch（次序或排列）在前面Your

name

is

before

mine

on

the

list.behind在……的后面behind

the

door落后于fall

behindby【講解見本書第17課時P100的考點1】during在……期間during

the

1990s介詞意義示例for為了；給；對fight

for支持；擁護be

for因為；由于be

famous

for對……來說It’s＋adj.＋for

sb.to

do

sth.介詞意義示例from來自，源于be/come

from由……（制成）be

made

from從……開始；到from

A

to

B與……（不同）be

different

from，tell

A

from

B（表示兩地距離）離10

meters

from

herefrom（表示位置或觀點）從see

the

sea

from

the

window介詞意義示例like像……一樣He

ran

like

the

wind.例如；比方Tom

does

many

sports，like

running

and

swimming.off從……落下；離開fall

off，get

off下班；休息have

three

days

off

school介詞意義示例over到另一邊；翻越climb

over

the

wall多于over

a

month遍及all

over

the

worldpast（時間）過；（年齡）超過half

past

two經(jīng)過walk

past

sb./sth.介詞意義示例through穿過；貫穿go

through

the

forest自始至終；從頭到尾sit

through

a

concert

以；憑借through

hard

workuntil

（till）到……時；直到……為止until

9

o’clock介詞意義示例with和；同talk

with

sb.帶有；具有a

girl

with

red

hair用；使用Cut

it

with

a

knife.with關(guān)于；對于be

angry/pleased

withwithout沒有；不without

difficulty

介詞短語山東近9年中考英語真題中常見的介詞短語如下：

1.

介詞＋名詞介詞短語atat

birth出生時；at

noon在中午；at

present目前；at

school在學(xué)

校；at

times有時，間或byby

accident偶然；by

bike騎自行車；by

hand手工；by

mistake錯

誤地，無意中；by

the

way順便說一下介詞短語inin

a

hurry匆忙地；in

a

word簡言之，總之；in

danger處于危險之中；in

English用英語；in

fact事實上，實際上；in

half分成兩

半；in

need處于困境中，需要幫助；in

peace和平地；in

person親身，親自；in

public公開地，在別人（尤指生人）面前；in

silence沉默，無聲；in

surprise驚訝地；in

trouble有麻煩，處于困境介詞短語onon

business出差；on

duty值日，值班；on

foot步行；on

sale出

售；on

show展出；on

time準(zhǔn)時，按時；on

（a）

vacation度假其

他as

a

result因此；for

example例如；to

one’s

surprise使……驚訝

的，出乎……意料；without

doubt毫無疑問，的確

2.介詞＋名詞＋介詞介詞短語atat

the

age

of在……歲時；at

the

beginning

of在……的開始；at

the

bottom

of在……底部；at

the

end

of在……的盡頭/末尾；at

the

top

of在……頂端byby

the

end

of在（某時間點）以前inin

order

to為了；in

the

face

of面對（問題、困難等）；in

the

front

of在……前面（內(nèi)部）withwith

the

help

of在……的幫助下3.

be＋形容詞/過去分詞＋介詞介詞短語about/atbe

excited

about對……感到興奮；be

good

at…擅長于……；

be

sure

about確信；對……有把握；be

worried

about擔(dān)心；be

surprised

at對……感到驚訝forbe

bad/good

for對……有害處/好處；be

famous

for因……而著

名；be

ready

for為……做準(zhǔn)備；be

thirsty

for渴望；渴求介詞短語frombe

absent

from缺席；be

different

from與……不同inbe

interested

in對……感興趣；be

talented

in在……方面有天

賦；be

similar

in在……方面相似ofbe

afraid

of害怕；be

fond

of喜歡；be

full

of充滿；be

made

of

由……制成的；be

proud

of為……驕傲，感到自豪介詞短語tobe

friendly

to對……友好；be

harmful

to對……有害；be

impolite

to對……不禮貌；be

used

to

（doing）

sth.習(xí)慣于

（做）某事；be

thankful

to…對……心存感激withbe

angry

with對……生氣；be

born

with天生具有；be

busy

with忙于；be

covered

with被……覆蓋；be

filled

with充滿；

be

patient

with對……有耐心；be

popular

with受……歡迎；be

strict

with

sb.對某人要求嚴(yán)格

一、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.

（2025云南改編）Most

students

in

our

school

go

home

bus

on

weekends.2.

（2025徐州改編）—I

need

my

dictionary，but

I

lent

it

to

Sandy.—Why

don’t

you

get

it

back

her？3.

（2025北京改編）TheseChineseastronautswillstayinthespace

station

sixmonths.by

from

for

4.

（2025常州改編）This

kind

of

spaceship

is

so

large

that

it

can

carry

three

astronauts

a

time.5.

Sunday

morning，I

went

hiking

with

my

family.at

On

二、（2025鹽城改編）短文填空人與自我：埃迪騎行逐夢from

after

on

with

of

by

outside

in

for

to

Eddy

was

from

Brussels.One

day，his

mother

took

him

1.

.

their

small

store

and

surprised

him

with

a

new

bike.The

four-year-old

Eddy

was

excited

to

learn

riding.2.

his

father’s

help，he

tried

hard.He

fell

many

times

but

didn’t

give

up.outside

With

As

Eddy

grew

older，he

loved

riding

his

bike

everywhere.When

he

started

school，his

father

bought

a

new

bike

3.

him.He

rode

it

to

deliver（遞送）

food

and

things

4.

people’s

houses.It

helped

him

win

high

praise

5.

the

neighborhood.Eddy

became

interested

in

bike

races

6.

seeing

a

champion

rider.He

really

wanted

to

be

a

bike

racer.He

worked

hard

and

saved

money