第=page22頁，共=sectionpages22頁北京市朝陽區(qū)北京中學2024-2025學年高一下學期期中英語試題一、閱讀理解：本大題共14小題，共35分。AFREEFAMILYDAYPASSNationalTrustLookingfortheperfectdayoutthisMarch?Whetheryoulovepeacefulwoodlandwalks,birdwatching,ordiscoveringnewplacessurroundedbynature,theNationalTrusthassomethingforeveryone.Thankstothisincredibleoffer,youcanenjoyaFREEvisittoaNationalTrustpropertyofyourchoice.Itwillgiveyoutheperfectexcusetogatheryourlovedonesandexplorethegreatoutdoors.Startyouryearbyreconnectingwithnatureandmakingunforgettablememorieswithfamilyandfriends.Don?tmissoutonthiswonderfulopportunitytoexperiencethebeautyofNationalTrustsites—completelyfree!HOWTOCLAIMCutoutthevoucher(代金券)belowandpresentatyourchosenNationalTrustlocation.SomeNationalTrustpropertiesrequireadvancebooking,pleasecheckthepropertywebsiteforfulldetails.Certainplacesareexcludedfromthispromotion,detailscanbefoundatreachforms.co.uk/nationaltrustpass.FREENationalTrustFAMILYPASS1.Thispassissingleuseandiseffectiveoncefromthedateofissuethroughto31December,2025inclusive.2.ThispassallowsfreeadmissionatparticipatingNationalTrustplacesfor2adultsandupto3children,or1adultandupto4children.Adultsareaged18orover;childrenareagedunder17inclusive.3.Thispassisforstandardadmissiononlyandexcludesparking,paidtransport,andanypaidevents.4.ThispassiseffectiveatparticipatingNationalTrustplaceswithinadvertisedopeninghours.Openinghoursmaybesubjecttochangeatanytimeandshouldbecheckedat.uk.5.Presentthispasstoreceivefreeadmissionatparticipatingplaces.Passholderswhocannotpresentthepass,orvisitanexcludedplace,willbechargedthefulladmissionprice.6.Onlyonepassperhouseholdwillbepermitted.1.WhatcanpeopleenjoywiththeNationalTrust?soffer?A.Anoutdooractivityclosetonature.

B.Abirdwatchingphotographycourse.

C.Anexplorationtonationalmuseums.

D.Avisittoatreasure-themedexhibition.2.Onecangetfreeadmissionby________.A.purchasingadigitalpassonawebsite

B.showingthevoucherattheselectedsite

C.submittinganapplicationonthewebsite

D.joiningasamemberoftheNationalTrust3.Accordingtothepassage,thepass________.A.allowsfreeentryforasix-personfamily

B.includesfreetransportandparking

C.islimitedtooneperhousehold

D.canbeusedmorethanonceBForyears,RobynElman,anatureadvocate,hasbeenpassionatelyraisingtheendangeredmonarchbutterfliesinthecozycornerofherbackyard.Shecollectsthebutterflyeggsfromthemilkweedplants—theonlyfoodforthesedelicatecreatures—alongsidethehighways.Eachtimeshegoesonherjourneytothehighways,shehopestheselittleeggs,whichareaspreciousashiddentreasures,willhatch(孵化)intomanybeautifulcreatures.Theywillslowlymakethegroupwhichisgettingsmallergraduallybreathenewlife.Butrealitydestroyedherhopeslastyear.Insteadofbeinggreetedbythegreenmilkweedplants,shewasmetwiththedesolatesightofmowedstubs(修剪過的草茬)anddestroyedeggs.Themilkweedplantshadbeencutdown,andallleftwereshortstubs.Shefeltadeepsenseofloss.“Istherereallynohopeforthesedelicate,flyingcreatures?”shewhisperedtoherself,herheartasheavyasabigpieceoflead.Evenaspainconsumedher,Robynremaineddetermined.Sheteamedupwithothernaturelovers.TheyreachedouttoFrankConiglio,thecity’sdirectorofhighwaymaintenance,urginghimtocutthebutterfliesabreak.Atfirst,Frankwasdoubtful.Hethought,“Howimportantcanthisbe?Whatdifferencewillitmake?It’sjustsomebutterfliesandplants.”ButasRobynandherfriendspouredouttheirworries,andkeptexplainingtheimportanceoftheissue,Frankbegantounderstand.Hefinallyrealised,“Whathappenstothebutterfliesisgoingtohappentous,isn’tit?”,asifalightbulbhadsuddenlyswitchedoninhismind.Frankwenttoworkonstudyingmoreaboutmonarchbutterflies,andfinallyhesupportedtheircause,andtookdecisiveaction.Hestoppedmowingincertainareas,drawinganinvisiblelineofprotection.Sofar,around20patchesofmilkweedplants,likeoasesintheurbandesert,havebeenprotectedacrossthecity.“We’remakingarealdifference,”Franksaidproudly.Thankstotheircombinedefforts,themonarchbutterfliesnowhaveabrighterfuture,andthecity’secosystemisonthepathtopositivetransformation4.Asanatureadvocate,RobynElman________.A.growssomemilkweedinherbackyard

B.raisesbutterfliesalongsidethehighway

C.studiesmilkweedandprovesthemvaluable

D.collectsbutterflyeggsandhatchesthem5.HowdidRobynfeeluponseeingthemowedstubs?A.Upsetanddisappointed. B.Angryandannoyed.

C.Embarrassedandashamed. D.Terrifiedandconfused.6.WhatdidFrankdotohelpprotectthemonarchbutterflies?A.Heraisedtheawarenessofthepublic.

B.Heprotectedmilkweedincertainareas.

C.Hestudiedthelocalnaturalecosystem.

D.Hemovedthebutterfliestoasafeplace.7.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Wildlifeconservationtakesabackseattourbandevelopment.

B.Governmentpoliciesplayamainroleinwildlifeconservation.

C.Commitmentandcooperationcausepositiveecologicaloutcomes.

D.Thedamageofhabitatshaslong-termimpactontheecosystem.CWhenpeopleviewphotographsoffrighteningspiders,scientistsusuallyobserveincreasedelectricalactivitydeepintheirbrain,inaregioncalledtheperiaqueductalgray(PAG).TheobviousconclusionisthatthePAGcontrolsfight-or-flightresponsesinthreateningsituations.Butwhatifbrainsdon’thavededicatedcircuitsforfightingandflighting?Isthreatdetectionreallyaprimarymodeofthebrainwithitsownneuralcircuitry(神經回路)?Thisideaoffight-or-flightcircuitsoriginatesfromthe“triunebrain”modeldividingbrainsintotheso-calledlizardbrain,includingthePAG,forsurvivalfunctions,the“l(fā)imbicsystem”foremotions,andthe“neocortex”forhigher-orderreasoning.Ifyouknowanythingaboutevolution,youmightknowthatsomethingisspurious.Theonlyanimalonthisplanetwithalizardbrainisalizard.Also,there’snounifiedlimbic“system”orthe“neocortex”foremotionsorrationality(理性)respectively.Sowheredoesthisleavethefight-or-flightstory?Recently,changesinPAGactivityhavebeenobservedinnonthreateningtasks,suchasreadingafascinatingarticleaboutthebrain.ThePAGhasalsobeenprovedtoregulatebodilysystemscontinuously.Incidentally,thisexplainswhyantianxietymedicationsmanageanxietydisorderswithouthealingthem.Theytargetbraincircuitsthataren’tdedicatedtoanxietyorfight-or-flightbutthatsimplyregulatethebody.Researchesonthebrain’spowersalsocastnewlightonourunderstandings.Indailylife,individualsmightfeelliketheyperceiveandreacttovariousstimuliaseitherthreateningorsafe.Actually,thebrain,usingpastexperiences,skillfullypredictsandformulatesactionplansinanticipationofeventsbeforestimulioccur.Thebrain’spreparatorymechanism,metabolically(新陳代謝地)expensive,involvescomplicatedneuronalactivitiesforsustainingmultiplepredictionsandcorrespondingactionplansoverextendedperiods.Buttheexperiencesinfight-or-flightresponsescraftedbyyourbraindon’trevealhowitworks.Moreover,yourbrain,whichdoesmuchmorethanavoidthreats,handlesacomplexsocialworldfullofuncertainty.That’sarecipeforstress.Andwhatisstress?Itreflectsenergypreparationforanticipatedchallenges.Yourbrainoftenmakessenseofmetaboliccostofuncertainty,ifitdragsonforlongenough,asanxiety,butthat’snotamust.Peopleseekuncertaintyout—anditspositivecousin,novelty—whentheytrynewfoodsorlearnnewskills.Uncertaintyiscommon,butthesedays,withsocialmediaandround-the-clocknewscoverage,itsometimesbombardsusandleavesusanxiousandexhausted.Butthesefeelingsdon’temergefromfight-or-flightcircuits.Theymayjustmean,inaneverchangingandonlypartlypredictableworld,thatyou’redoingsomethinghard.8.TheauthorasksthequestionsinParagraph1to________.A.evaluateastatement B.justifyanassumption

C.challengeanargument D.introduceanewconcept9.Whichdoestheunderlinedword“spurious”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Rare. B.Wrong. C.Limited. D.Unexpected.10.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Huntingfornoveltyreducesstressandanxiety.

B.MedicinetargetingPAGcuresanxietydisorders.

C.Uncertaintyisaproductofmodernmediaandnewscycles.

D.The“FightorFlight”ideaoverlooksthebrain’spredictivepower.DInthefieldwherephilosophyandneuroscienceoverlap,fewquestionshavefascinatedandconfusedhumanityasdeeplyastheconceptoffreewill.Atfirstglance,theideathatwehavethepowertomakechoicesthatarenotpredeterminedseemsintuitive(直覺的).However,acloserexaminationrevealsacomplexwebofphilosophicalargumentsandscientificfindingsthatchallengethisseeminglystraightforwardconcept.Fromaphilosophicalstandpoint,thedebatearoundfreewillhascontinuedintenselyforcenturies.Compatibilistsarguefreewillcancoexistwithdeterminism,aslongasouractionsarearesultofourowndesiresandmotivations.Forexample,choosingamusiccareeroutofpassionisconsideredasafreechoicewithinthisframework.Incontrast,incompatibilistsmaintainfreewillanddeterminismaremutuallyexclusive.Harddeterministsviewtheuniverseasaclosedsystemgovernedbystrictlawsofnature,whereeveryevent,includinghumanactions,ispredetermined.Inthisview,theideaoffreewillisanillusion(幻覺).Neurosciencehasadvancedmarkedlyindecodingthebrain,revealingthatmanyactionsarepreceded(先于)byneuralactivity.Studiesonthebrain’srewardsystemandneurotransmitters,particularlydopamine(多巴胺),furtherchallengethenatureoffreewill.Addictivebehaviors,forinstance,canbestronglyinfluencedbythebrain’sresponsetodopamine.Apersonstrugglingwithaddictionmayfeeltheylackthefreewilltoresistit.Astheirbrainchemistryhasbeenalteredinawaythatforcesthemintoacting.Thescientificevidenceisnotconclusive,though.Somearguethattheneuralactivityobservedbeforeconsciousdecisionsmaynotbethecauseoftheactionbutratherpartofthepreparatoryprocessforadecisionthatisstillfreelymade.Additionally,thecomplexityofthehumanbrainandthefactthatmuchofitsfunctioningisstillnotfullyunderstoodleaveroomforthepossibilityoffreewill.Iffreewillisanillusion,itchallengesourfundamentalnotionsofmoralresponsibility.Wepraiseandblamepeoplefortheiractionsbecausewebelievetheycouldhaveacteddifferently.Howcanweholdindividualsaccountablefortheiractionsiftheywerenevertrulyfreetochooseotherwise?Withoutfreewill,theessentialmoralframeworkofoursocietieswouldcollapseintochaoticindifference.Freewillisonlyanillusionifyouare,too.11.Whichofthefollowingsituationsreflectsthecompatibilists’view?A.Drivenbydopamine,Ikeepcheckinghissocialmedia.

B.Lucyspeaksfirstafterbeingrandomlyselectedbysoftware.

C.Jerryshiftsbetweencompaniesofsharedbikesbasedondiscounts.

D.Exposedtoasuddenblindinglight,Lilyquicklyshutshereyes.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thealteredbrainchemistryenhancesfreewill.

B.Consciousdecisionsareindependentofneuralactivities.

C.Harddeterministsseefreewillvitaltomoralaccountability.

D.Neuroscientists’viewsonthecausesofhumanactionsdiffer.13.Asfortheexistenceoffreewill,theauthoris________.A.positive B.disapproving C.neutral D.doubtful14.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DoesNeuroscienceThreatenFreeWill?

B.ExplorationintotheComplexityofFreeWill

C.WhytheargumentsAgainstFreeWillFail

D.FreeWill:BridgingNeuroscienceandPhilosophy二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共10分。Expertshavewarnedthatanobsession(癡迷)withhealthyeatingcancausementalhealthproblems.Asurveyamongmentalhealthprofessionalsfound90%ofthosesurveyed,likeinpreviousresearch,hadseenpatientswithorthorexianervosa(ON).

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Thesurveyfoundsomepatientscutoutfoodslikefish,meatordairy,consideringthem“unclean”.Theirfixationon“pure”foodsleadstodeficiencies(缺陷)likeiron-deficiencyanaemiaorvitaminB12deficiency.Forexample,DrNiketSonpalfoundthathispatientsdidn’tconsumeenoughcalories,minerals,proteinorcarbohydrates.Somepatientsevencutoutentirefoodgroupsafterthebigdinnersofholidays.

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ThetermONwascoinedin1997byDr.StevenBratman.Henoticedpatients’extremedietscausedmalnutrition,anxiety,andevendeath.

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Itposesasignificantchallenge.Healthcareprovidersmaynotbetrainedtospotthesignseasily,andpatientsmightnotbeawaretheireatinghabits.Asaresult,diagnosisandtreatmentaredelayed.

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HealthcareprovidersneedtobeattentivetoidentifyanddealwithONinpatients,providingsupportsuchasnutritionaladvice,psychologicalaid,anddiet-diversityeducation.Thepublicneedstoknowtherisksofoverlystricteating.

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Truewell-beingcomesfromahealthyrelationshipwithfood,notanobsessionwith“clean”eating.Bytakingthesesteps,wecanpreventmentalhealthissuescausedbyfixatingonhealthyeatingandpromoteaculturewherefoodbringsbothnourishmentandjoy.A．Despiteitsrisks,ONisn’tofficiallyrecognisedasaneatingdisorder.B．Someonlinehealthcommunitiesprovidesomeself-treatmentmethods.C．ONpatientsshoweddoubleddepressionratescomparedtonon-sufferers.D．Mediaandsocialplatformscanpromoteamorerealisticviewofnutrition.E．Hence,expertswarnedthatahealthydietshouldnotsimplybeseenasasourceofrestriction.F．Inlightofthefindings,themedicalcommunityandthepublicshouldtakeabalancedviewonhealthyeating.G．Basically,orthorexiaisafixationoneatingonlyhealthyorpurefoods,orwhatanindividualperceivesashealthyorpure.15.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空：本大題共10小題，共10分。TherewasatimewhenIwascertainIcouldneverdeeplyloveananimal.Iknowthisis

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toadmit.InBritain,anindifference(冷漠)topetsisconsideredafaultonone'scharacter.Mywifewasalso

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surethatshecouldneverdeeplylovemeifIcouldnotloveanimals.Andatthebeginningofthisyear,theriskincreased.Wewereto

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acatfromafriendwhohadfallenforawomanwhoisallergic(過敏的)tothem.I

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—butcoldlyenough,Ifelt,tomakeclearthatIwouldnotberesponsibleforthecreature'supkeep.Iwould

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thecostofcatfood,ofcourse,butlikeastrictVictorianfatherIwouldavoid

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entanglement(瓜葛)．However,Hopper-well,IhardlyneedtellyouthatHopperdiffersfromothercats.Eightyearsoldbutslimasakitten.Green-eyedandwhite-socked.Entirelyindependentbutinneedofhuman

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,too,whenthemoodtakesher.LikeIsaid—unique.Theselastfourmonthshave

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metospendanunexpectedamountoftimewithHopper.Inmymakeshiftoffice,shesleepsbesideme,meowsatmyfeet,orleapsontomyback.Throughthewindow,IwatchHopperstalk(踱方步)throughthelonggrass,

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meofawilderworldoutside.Everymorningfeedher;everyeveningweplaywithafeatherstucktoastick.Itisour

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-theonlypartofmytimetablethathasnotbeenspoiledbythecoronavirus(冠狀病毒).Withoutthelockdown,wouldIhaverealizedtheeverydayhappinessacatcanbring?20.A.worthwhile B.shameful C.considerate D.practical21.A.fairly B.rarely C.luckily D.normally22.A.lookinto B.searchfor C.complainof D.takeon23.A.agreed B.denied C.explained D.hesitated24.A.share B.save C.reduce D.divide25.A.spiritual B.emotional C.mental D.physical26.A.company B.nature C.power D.trust27.A.promised B.forbidden C.prepared D.allowed28.A.reminding B.warning C.breaking D.informing29.A.burden B.routine C.mistake D.fortune四、語法填空：本大題共1小題，共15分。30.閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Asyoucansee,thereasonwhyI’mheretotellthestoryis

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Imadetherightdecision.SometimeafterIlefttheboat,withmybrotherinit,it

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(put)intothebottomofthewhirlpool.Soonafterthat,thewhirlpoolbecamelesswild.Thentheskywasclear,thewindcalmer,andthemoonwasshining.Iwasstilltiedtothebarrel,andthewavessooncarriedmetoanarea

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theotherfishermenwere.Intheend,aboatpickedmeup.Iwasverytired.閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。EventhoughTuYouyouisnotinterestedinfame,shehasbecomeascientist

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workisinternationallyrenowned.In2019,shewasselectedbytheBBCasoneofthemost

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(influence)figuresofscienceinthe20thcenturyalongwithAlbertEinsteinandAlanMathisonTuring.TuYouyouwasnotedforherbraveryinbeingascientistduringadifficulttimeforscienceinChina,herability

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(use)oldwisdomandnewmethodstoachievehergoalsandthefactthatherworkbridgedtheEasternandWesternworlds,

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(save)millionsoflives.閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。TheScreamwaspaintedbyEdvardMunchin1893.

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makesitstrikingisthatitshowsathinfigurewithanexpressionoffear-thefigure’smouthiswideopenandlettingoutapowerfulscream.Thefigurecovershisorherearsand

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(look)directlyattheviewer.Thisfigureissetonabridgeaboveadark,stormysea,andagainstaburningorange-redsky.Inhisdiary,Munchtalkedaboutwhatinspiredhim.“I

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(walk)downtheroadwithtwofriendswhenthesunset;suddenlytheskyturnedasredasblood...Istoodthereshaking.ThenIheardthescreamofnature.”(1)

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五、閱讀表達：本大題共1小題，共10分。31.Inthedigitalage,technologyistransforminghowwecommunicateandinteract.Whatwereoncescience-fictiontechideasarenowreality.Inthe2002filmMinorityReport,JohnAndertonusedadataglove,andnowtouch-basedcomputingiscommon.Similargaminginteractionmethodshaveappearedsince2006.Thesearejustatasteofwhat’stocome.MITcomputerscientistThomasKofflerpredictedthatvirtualtouch-basedcomputingisthefutureofhuman-computerinterfaces.Healsosuggestedthatanevenmoreexcitingareaofresearch,onethatwilltransformhowwecommunicatewithcomputersoverthelongerterm,isso-calledbrain-computerinterface(BCI).Today’sresearchonBCIworksonarelatedidea:thebrainmakesuseofelectricalsignals,anelectricalcode,tosendandprocessinformation.Asthebrainrunsonelectricalsignals,assumingthesecanbeaccuratelyread,thesignalsthusallowustocommunicatewithexternaldevicesthroughthetransmissionofelectricalimpulses(脈沖)directlyfromthebrain.Intheory,itshouldbepossibletousebrainsignalsthatmoveyourarmandhandtocontrolaroboticarm,e.g.,topickupacoffeecup.Researchofthiskindisongoing.Cochlearimplants(人工耳蝸),allowingthehardofhearingtohear,arecurrentlythemostwidelyavailableuseforthistechnology.TheprincipleofBCIenablesbrainsignalstocommunicatewiththeimplant,therebyovercomingthedamagedpartoftheear.Inthefuture,itmaybepossibleforimplantsinthebraintoallowustocommunicatedirectlywithandcontrolawidevarietyofdevices,usingthepowerofthoughtalone.Today,computersandsmartphoneswithfixedcamerasenablereal-timeface-to-facechat.Nextupcouldbetelepresencerobots,whichletapersonremotelysee,movearound,andinteract.Idealfortele-conferencingandremotesitetours,theirpotentialisclear.Ultimately,thedrivingforcebehinddigitalcommunication’snextstageisthecooperativeintelligencethatmakeshumansexceptionalcommunicators.(1)AccordingtoThomasKoffler,whatwilltransformthewaywecommunicatewithcomputersoverthelongerterm?_____________________________________________________________________________________(2)Howdoelectricalsignalsallowustocommunicatewithexternaldevices?____________________________________________________________________________________(3)Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplain