專題十二主謂一致和倒裝句主謂一致

主謂一致

考點一

主謂一致

1.語法一致原則指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。and或both...and...復(fù)數(shù)Tom

and

Bob

are

good

friends.Tom和Bob是好朋友。Both

Mary

and

Jim

are

teachers.Mary和Jim都是老師。不定代詞either，neither，eachone，theother，another，anybody，nothing...單數(shù)Everyone

is

absent

today.今天所有人都缺席了。由each，each...andeach...，every...andevery作主語用于復(fù)數(shù)主語后作同位語單數(shù)Each

boy

and

each

girl

was

given

a

new

book.每個男孩和每個女孩都得到了一本新書。復(fù)數(shù)We

each

have

an

umbrella.我們每個人都有一把傘。主語后接有with，alongwith，togetherwith，aswellas，no，ratherthan，including，besides，like，except，but看主語The

teacher

with

his

students

is

reading.老師和學生正在閱讀。anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“大量的”復(fù)數(shù)A

number

of

trees

are

cut

down.大量樹木被砍伐。thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“……的數(shù)量”單數(shù)The

number

of

trees

is

20.樹木的數(shù)量有20棵。alotof，plentyof，分數(shù)，百分數(shù)+of+名詞看名詞A

lot

of

students

are

playing

volleyball.很多學生都在打排球。apairof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞單數(shù)A

pair

of

glasses

is

on

the

table.一副眼鏡在桌子上。pairsof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Pairs

of

shoes

are

made

each

day.每天制作很多雙鞋。某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞：clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves等復(fù)數(shù)My

trousers

are

worn

out.我的褲子破了。不定式或動名詞作主語單數(shù)Reading

is

a

good

way

to

learn.閱讀是一種學習的好方式。2.意義一致原則指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物單數(shù)Thesingerandwriterisswimming.這位歌手兼作家在游泳。復(fù)數(shù)The

singer

and

the

writer

are

swimming.演唱者和作家都在游泳。表示金錢、價格、時間、長度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語單數(shù)Three

dollars

is

enough.三美元足夠了。集體名詞(family，team，crowd，class，group，government)表整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；表集體中的成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)Hisfamilyisgoingtomove.他的家人要搬家了。復(fù)數(shù)His

family

are

watching

TV.他們一家人正在看電視。集合名詞(people，police，cattle)作主語復(fù)數(shù)The

police

are

helping

a

girl

find

her

mom.警方正幫助一個女孩找到她的媽媽。oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)One

and

a

half

cakes

have

been

eaten.半個蛋糕已經(jīng)被吃掉了。one+單數(shù)名詞+and+ahalf單數(shù)One

cake

and

a

half

has

been

eaten.一個半的蛋糕已經(jīng)被吃掉了。the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)，表“……一家人”復(fù)數(shù)The

Whites

prefer

walking

to

driving

cars.

White一家更喜歡步行而不是開車。3.就近原則指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近它的主語。either...or...，neither...nor...，not(only)...but(also)Not

only

my

parents

but

also

I

look

forward

to

meeting

him.不僅是我父母，還有我自己都期待見到他。Therebe.../Herebe...There

is

a

book

and

two

caps

on

the

sofa.沙發(fā)上有一本書，另外還有兩頂帽子。Afterlotsofpractice，neitherSusannorI

afraidofgivingaspeechinpublicnow.

A.am

B.is

C.are

D.be［解析］句意：經(jīng)過多次練習后，現(xiàn)在Susan和我都不會害怕在公眾場合演講了。根據(jù)“neither

...

nor

...”連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近原則”，在本句中離謂語動詞最近的主語是“I”，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)用am。［答案］A考點二

倒裝句

so/neither倒裝句表示“……也一樣”So+be動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語(肯定句).Neither+be動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語(否定句).—She

is

from

China.她來自中國。—So

is

Tom.

Tom也是。—They

haven’t

gone

to

Japan.他們還沒有去日本?！狽either

has

Bob.

Bob也沒有去日本。Therebe句型表示“(存在)有……”There

is

a

river

in

front

of

my

house.我的房子前面有條河。副詞開頭以here，there，out，down，away等開頭There

comes

the

bus.有輛公共汽車來了?！猅omwillhaveabirthdaypartynextSunday.Doyouwanttogo？—Ifyougo，

.

A.soIwill

B.sowillI

C.neitherwillI

D.neitherIwill［解析］句意：——Tom下個星期天將有一個生日聚會。你想去嗎？——如果你去，我也去。當回應(yīng)一個肯定陳述并表示同樣的動作時，英語用“so+be動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。［答案］B1.There

someflowersinmyroom.Ioftenwaterthem.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.About

ofpeopleenjoytheTVplay.And70percentofthemusicinit

veryoriginal(原創(chuàng)的).

A.threefifths；isB.threefifths；areC.threefifth；isD.threefifth；areA

B

3.There

fewtallbuildingsinChangchunwhenmygrandparentswereyoung.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were4.Tom，togetherwithhisparents，

goingtovisitthezoothisweekend.

A.isB.areC.wasD.wereA

D

5.

arecrazyaboutlisteningtopopmusicintheirsparetime.

A.NotonlyTimbutalsothetwinsB.NeitherVictornorTomC.BillaswellashisfriendsD.EitherAnitaorJackA

6.Frankisn’tveryfriendlytoothers.Asaresult，allmyclassmatesexcepthim

Christmaspresentsfromoneanother.

A.havegotB.hasgotC.getsD.weregettingA

7.

thestudentsinourschoolisaboutthreethousand.Look！

themareplantingtrees.

A.Anumberof；ThenumberofB.Anumberof；AnumberofC.Thenumberof；ThenumberofD.Thenumberof；AnumberofD

9.—Idon’tlikewatchinghorrorfilms，David.—

.Theymakemefeelscaredanduneasy.

A.MetooB.MeneitherC.SoIdoD.NeitherIdo8.—Wouldyoursistergoonatripthisweekend？

—Ifshedoesn’t