語法專題突破專題十三主從復(fù)合句

賓語從句1.

引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞作用例句that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，在句中

不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連

接作用，可省略He

said

（that）

Kate

was

good

at

swimming.他說凱特擅長(zhǎng)游

泳。if/whether意為“是否”，不作句子

成分，但不能省略He

asked

me

if/whether

Miss

Wei

was

a

teacher.他問我魏小

姐是否是一名教師。引導(dǎo)詞作用例句連接代詞what，

which，who，

whose，whom等在從句中作一定的成

分，如：主語、賓

語、定語等I

don’t

know

what

they

are

going

to

do.我不知道他們

打算干什么。連接副詞when，

where，why，

how等在從句中作狀語Could

you

tell

me

where

you

are

from？你能告訴我

你來自哪里嗎？

【注意】只用whether不用if的情況：（1）與or

（not）連用時(shí)；（2）位于介詞之后時(shí)。2.

時(shí)態(tài)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般遵循以下三個(gè)原則：（1）需要性原則：當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，

根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。如：He

doesn’t

know

when

they

will

come.他不知道他們什么時(shí)候

會(huì)來。（2）呼應(yīng)性原則：當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句必須使用相應(yīng)的過

去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：She

said

she

missed

us

very

much.她說她非常想念我們。（3）特殊性原則：當(dāng)從句說明的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí)，不用受到

主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：He

said

that

the

sun

is

bigger

than

the

earth.他說太陽比地球大。

3.語序賓語從句要使用陳述語序，即“引導(dǎo)詞＋主語＋謂語（＋其

他）”。如：Can

you

tell

me

why

you

are

late？你能告訴我你為什么遲到嗎？【注意】有些特殊疑問句本身是陳述語序，不用再進(jìn)行語序的調(diào)

整。如：I

want

to

know

what’s

wrong/the

matter/trouble

（with…）.I

want

to

know

what

happened

to…I

want

to

know

which

is

the

way

to…I

want

to

know

who

studies

the

hardest

in

your

class.4.

否定前移在復(fù)合句中，若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為think，

believe，expect，imagine，suppose等，從句表示否定意義時(shí)，形式上

應(yīng)否定主句。如：I

don’t

suppose

he

will

come.我猜他不會(huì)來。5.

簡(jiǎn)化（1）當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是

hope，wish，decide，agree，choose，know，remember，forget，learn

等時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“（疑問詞＋）不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He

hopes

that

he

will

be

back

soon.＝He

hopes

to

be

back

soon.他希

望盡快回來。（2）當(dāng)tell，ask，show，teach等動(dòng)詞后帶雙賓語，且從句主語和

間接賓語一致時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Can

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

library？＝Can

you

tell

me

how

to

get

to

the

library？你能告訴我怎么去圖書館嗎？（3）賓語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞或名詞短語。如：I

don’t

believe

what

Tom

said.＝I

don’t

believe

Tom’s

words.我不相

信湯姆所說的話?！就卣埂浚?）if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和條件狀語從句的區(qū)別if在ask，wonder，know等動(dòng)詞后，當(dāng)“是否”講，引導(dǎo)賓語從句

時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)與語意相關(guān)；if當(dāng)“如果”講，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)，主

從句時(shí)態(tài)遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。如：I

don’t

know

if

he

will

come

tomorrow.我不知道明天他是否會(huì)來。

（賓語從句）If

he

comes，I

will

tell

you.如果他來，我將告訴你。（條件

狀語從句）（2）when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，意為“何時(shí)”，從句時(shí)態(tài)與語意相關(guān)；

when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，主從句時(shí)態(tài)遵循“主

將從現(xiàn)”原則。如：

I

wonder

when

my

father

will

arrive

in

Beijing.我想知道我爸爸什么

時(shí)候到北京。（賓語從句）He

will

call

me

when

he

arrives.他到的時(shí)候會(huì)給我打電話。（時(shí)間

狀語從句）

定語從句一、定語從句的定義在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句

通常置于它修飾的名詞或代詞之后，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。

引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom，whose和關(guān)

系副詞when，where，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞既起連接作用，又

充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分。如：二、定語從句關(guān)系詞的判斷1.

一看先行詞2.

二看在從句中作何成分【注意】如果從句中缺少主干成分（主、賓、定語），補(bǔ)關(guān)系代

詞；如果從句中不缺主干成分，補(bǔ)關(guān)系副詞。3.

三看是否屬特殊（1）只能用that的情況：①當(dāng)先行詞被the

only，the

very，the

last等詞修飾時(shí)。如：This

is

the

only

book

that

was

written

by

him.這是他寫的唯一

一本書。②當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：The

first

thing

that

you

should

do

is

to

turn

off

the

light.你首先要做的

就是關(guān)燈。③當(dāng)先行詞為all，much，little，few，anything，nothing，everything等不定代詞時(shí)。如：I’m

going

to

buy

everything

that

I

need.我要去買我所需要的

一切東西。④當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：They

were

talking

about

things

and

persons

that

they

remembered.他

們正在談?wù)撍麄兯芑貞浧饋淼娜嘶蚴?。⑤?dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。如：Which

is

the

program

that

you

like

best？哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的節(jié)目？（2）只能用which的情況：①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后且先行詞指物時(shí)。如：Those

days

in

which

you

could

travel

without

a

passport

have

gone.那

些你不用帶護(hù)照就可以旅行的日子一去不復(fù)返了。②當(dāng)that/those作主語時(shí)。如：He

admired

that

which

looked

beautiful.他欣賞那些看起來很

美的東西?！咀⒁狻筷P(guān)系代詞的省略問題：一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom在定語從句中作賓

語時(shí)可以省略，但“介詞＋which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)中的which，whom

不能省。如：I’ll

never

forget

the

day

on

which

I

joined

the

army.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記

我參軍的那一天。

狀語從句一、狀語從句的分類如果一個(gè)完整的句子修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等，充當(dāng)

狀語成分，該句子就叫作狀語從句。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，中考

中對(duì)狀語從句的考查往往與從屬連詞的辨析及應(yīng)用相結(jié)合?！驹斠姳?/p>

書第二部分專題六連詞P179—181的考點(diǎn)2】初中階段常見的狀語從句的分類如下：分類從屬連詞時(shí)間狀語從句before（在……之前），when/while/as

（當(dāng)……時(shí)），

after（在……之后），since（自……以來），until（直

到……為止），as

soon

as（一……就……）原因狀語從句because（因?yàn)椋?，since（因?yàn)?；既然），as（由于）分類從屬連詞條件狀語從句if（如果），unless（除非；如果不），as

long

as（只要）結(jié)果狀語從句so/such…that（如此……以至于……）讓步狀語從句though/although（雖然；盡管），even

if/though（即使；雖然），whenever（無論何時(shí)），whatever（無論什么）目的狀語從句so

that（以便；為了），in

order

that（為了）二、主、從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題含時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)

問題一般分為下列三種情況：1.

主祈/情從現(xiàn)：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句用一

般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Be

careful

when

you

cross

the

road.過馬路時(shí)要小心。You

must

stop

when

the

lights

turn

red.當(dāng)紅燈亮?xí)r，你必須停

下來。2.

主將從現(xiàn)：若主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：If

our

government

doesn’t

pay

attention

to

the

food

safety，our

health

will

be

in

danger.如果我們的政府不關(guān)注食品安全，我們的健康將處于

危險(xiǎn)中。3.

since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成

時(shí)。如：You’ve

changed

a

lot

since

we

last

met.自從我們上次見面以來，你

變了很多。

一、選詞填空because

work

travel

where

when

who

which

unless

howwhat1.

（2025無錫改編）Thanks

a

million，Julie！If

it

，you

will

be

my

angel！2.

（2025眉山改編）—What

do

you

want

to

be

you

grow

up？—I

want

to

be

an

astronaut.3.

（2025龍東地區(qū)改編）Ioftenlookthroughtheweatherreportonthe

mobilephone.Itshows

theweatherwillbe.works

when

how

4.

（2025遂寧改編）—What

kinds

of

after-school

activities

do

you

like？—I

like

those

activities

are

about

P.E.and

art.5.

（2024河北改編）Toknow

themountaintoplookslike，you

needtoreachit.6.

（2024龍東地區(qū)改編）Theteachertoldusthattheearth

?

aroundthesun.7.

（2024白銀改編）Lindaprefersmusicians

playdifferent

kindsofmusic.which

what

travels

who

8.

（2024廣西改編）—Could

you

please

tell

me

you

usually

spend

your

holiday？—In

my

hometown.where

9.

（2024無錫改編）I

won’t

let

you

go

you

tell

me

the

truth.10.

（2024吉林改編）Bob

watches

the

news

every

night

he

wonders

what’s

going

on

around

the

world.unless

because

二、短文填空A（2025樂山改編）人與自我：成長(zhǎng)與堅(jiān)持because

help

so

that

what

when

which

Once，in

a

small

village，Mark

lived

with

his

dad.Mark

loved

playing

the

guitar.But

he

felt

sad

1.

he

wasn’t

good

at

it.He

asked

his

dad

2.

he

should

do.His

dad

said，“Come

with

me

tomorrow.We’ll

climb

a

high

hill.”because

what

The

next

day，they

walked

a

long

way.Although

the

hill

was

difficult

to

climb，Mark

didn’t

give

up

and

3.

his

dad

along

the

way.They

climbed

higher

and

higher.At

last，they

reached

the

top，4.

made

both

of

them

happy.Mark

said，“5.

I

was

small，I

called

this

hill

‘Impossible

Mountain’

because

I

couldn’t

reach

the

top.”helped

which

When

Now，Mark

was

big

and

strong.He

had

climbed

many

other

hills

and

even

climbed

“Impossible

Mountain”

too.His

dad

said，“By

practicing

on

smaller

hills，you

became

6.

good

that

this

big

hill

wasn’t

impossible

anymore.”

Mark

smiled

and

nodded.He

understood

7.

.

hard

work

and

patience

made

things

possible.From

then

on，he

kept

practicing

his

guitar

and

believed

that

he

could

play

it

better

in

the

future.so

that

B（2024濱州改編）人與社會(huì)：拾金不昧的男子On

April

8，in

Hangzhou，a

young

man

called

Andy

ordered

and

packed

his

breakfast

at

a

local

noodle

house

and

got

much

more

8.

he

expected.Andy

shared

a

video

on

the

Internet

about

his

experience

at

a

noodle

house

in

the

morning.In

the

video，9.

had

over

2.3

million

views，Andy

was

shocked

by

what

he

found

in

his

to-go

bag

instead

of

breakfast.than

which

“Why？There’s

a

couple

of

thousand

yuan

in

my

bag，”Andy

said，“Why

would

they

do

this？Why

would

they

give

this

to

me？”Andy

shared

his

shocking

discovery

on

the

Internet.He

knew

10.

he

could

just

take

the

money，but

finally，he

said

he

knew

what

he

11.

（need）

to

do.“Now

I

have

to

return

it

12.

I’m

a

good

p