語法專題突破專題十一非謂語動詞

動詞不定式動詞不定式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“（to＋）動詞原形”，否定形式為

“not＋（to＋）動詞原形”。1.

作主語（1）置于句首，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：To

get

up

early

is

necessary.早起是必要的。①It’s＋adj.（＋for/of

sb.）＋to

do

sth.；②It’s＋n.＋to

do

sth.；③It

takes/took

sb.＋some

time＋to

do

sth.；④It

seems（-ed）/appears（-ed）＋adj.＋to

do

sth.等。（2）為避免頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語，而將動詞不定式所表

示的真正的主語放在句末。其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：2.

作賓語（1）一些表命令、打算、希望、決心等的動詞后常接不定式作賓

語。如：They

decide

to

buy

a

car.他們決定買一輛車。（2）在find，make，think等后跟動詞不定式作賓語時，常用it作

形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句末。如：He

finds

it

easy

to

learn

English

well.他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很容易。常見的后接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：afford買得起agree同意begin/start開始choose選擇decide決定expect預(yù)料；期待fail未能（做到）forget忘記help幫助hope/wish希望learn學(xué)習(xí)manage完成（困難的事）offer主動提出plan計劃promise承諾refuse拒絕remember記得want/would

like想要

3.作賓語補足語（1）動詞不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

tell，ask，want，allow，get，would

like，encourage后常跟動詞不定式

作賓語補足語。如：Lucy

asked

him

to

turn

off

the

radio.露西讓他關(guān)掉收音機。常見的后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：advise建議allow允許ask要求encourage鼓勵expect預(yù)料；期待force強迫help幫助invite邀請order命令persuade說服teach教tell告訴want/would

like想要wish希望warn警告

（2）一些使役動詞和感官動詞后常接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語

補足語。這些動詞有：一感（feel）、二聽（hear，listen

to）、三讓

（let，make，have）、四看（look

at，see，watch，notice）。如：The

boss

made

the

workers

have

a

good

rest

this

weekend.那個老板

讓工人們這周末好好休息一下。

4.作定語動詞不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞、代詞之后。如：There

was

no

food

to

eat

in

the

past.過去沒有食物吃。5.

作狀語（1）作目的狀語。既可放句首，也可放句末。如：To

keep

healthy，we

should

eat

more

vegetables.＝We

should

eat

more

vegetables

to

keep

healthy.為了保持健康，我們應(yīng)該多吃蔬菜。（2）作原因狀語。如：I’m

sorry

to

hear

that.聽到那件事我很難過。（3）作結(jié)果狀語，常表示未預(yù)料到的、令人沮喪的結(jié)果。如：A

few

years

later，we

came

to

our

hometown

to

find

that

it

had

greatly

changed.幾年后我們回到家鄉(xiāng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。6.

作表語構(gòu)成“be

to

do”，表愿望、夢想、責(zé)任、義務(wù)等。如：Their

duty

is

to

look

after

the

animals.他們的職責(zé)是照看動物?！咀⒁狻縿釉~不定式的特殊用法（1）“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”①“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”可以作主語、賓語或表語等。如：Where

to

live

is

a

problem.住在哪是個問題。（作主語）My

question

is

how

to

find

the

answer

quickly.我的問題是如何快速

找到答案。（作表語）②“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”可與賓語從句進行相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：I

don’t

know

what

to

do

next.＝I

don’t

know

what

I

should

do

next.

我不知道下一步該怎么辦。（2）“prefer

to

do

sth.rather

than

do

sth.”寧愿做……而不愿

做……（3）“too…to…”“not…enough

to…”結(jié)構(gòu)【講解見本書第9課時P56的考點6】

動名詞1.

作主語動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Eating

too

much

is

bad

for

your

health.吃得太多對你的健康有害。2.

作賓語動名詞作賓語，既可作動詞的賓語，又可作介詞的賓語，表示經(jīng)

常性的動作或長期的習(xí)慣。如：I

enjoy

reading

books.我喜歡讀書。Stamps

are

used

for

sending

letters.郵票是用來寄信的。3.

作定語動名詞作定語，只表示它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，放在

被修飾詞之前。如：She

is

in

the

reading

room.她在閱覽室里。4.

作表語動名詞作表語，多數(shù)情況下可轉(zhuǎn)化成主語。如：His

hobby

is

collecting

stamps.＝Collecting

stamps

is

his

hobby.他的

愛好是集郵。常見的后接動名詞的動詞和短語有：avoid避免consider考慮enjoy喜歡finish完成forget忘記imagine想象keep持續(xù)like喜歡mind介意practice練習(xí)remember記得suggest建議be

busy

doing

sth.忙于做某事be

worth

doing

sth.值得做某事be/become/get

used

to

doing

sth.習(xí)慣于做某事can’t

help

doing

sth.情不自禁做某事feel

like

doing

sth.想要做某事give

up

doing

sth.放棄做某事have

fun

（in）

doing

sth.很開心做某事have

difficulty/trouble

（in）

doing

sth.做某事有困難look

forward

to

doing

sth.期待做某事prefer

doing

sth.to

doing

sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事spend

time

（in）

doing

sth.花費時間做某事

后接動詞不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別

分

詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞＋-ing”構(gòu)

成，過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞＋-ed”，但是也有不規(guī)則的形式。

現(xiàn)在分詞有主動、進行之意，過去分詞有被動、完成之意。1.

作定語如：Do

you

know

the

girl

singing

in

the

room？你認識房間里那個正

在唱歌的女孩嗎？Do

you

know

a

girl

called

Linda？你認識一個叫琳達的女孩嗎？2.

作狀語如：Hearing

the

news，they

all

jumped

with

joy.聽到這個消息，他

們都高興得跳了起來。（時間狀語）Bitten

by

the

neighbor’s

dog，he

dares

not

go

there

anymore.由于被

鄰居的狗咬了，他再也不敢去那兒了。（原因狀語）3.

作表語如：The

opera

is

very

moving.這出歌劇很感人。The

boy

is

too

excited

to

say

a

word.這個男孩激動得說不出話來。4.

作賓語補足語如：Don’t

keep

us

waiting

for

a

long

time.別讓我們等太久。He’ll

have

his

car

repaired

tomorrow.他明天要找人修理他的汽車。

一、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.

（2025西藏）

（remember）

the

sweet

time

of

school

life，students

like

taking

photos

with

classmates.2.

（2025龍東地區(qū)改編）—How

do

you

improve

your

English

listening

skills？—I

spend

about

twenty

minutes

（watch）

English

videos

every

day.To

remember

watching

3.

（2025無錫）The

government

decided

to

take

action

（solve）

this

problem.4.

（2025白銀）Students

are

asked

（do）

this

task

by

themselves.5.

（2024河南改編）A

young

boy

made

a

living

by

（sell）

fried

dough

sticks（油條）

in

the

market.6.

During

the

16th

century，Europe

saw

rich

developments

in

science，

medicine

and

the

arts.People

had

to

“invent”

words

?

（express）

new

ideas.to

solve

to

do

selling

to

express

7.

Remember

to

use

sunglasses

to

stop

the

sun

from

（shine）

directly

in

your

eyes.8.

Most

of

us

enjoy

（listen）

to

our

mothers

speak，because

our

brains

greatly

prefer

the

voices

of

our

own

mothers.shining

listening

二、（2024湖南改編）短文填空人與自我：閱讀的魅力As

a

child，I

was

quite

active.I

was

running

around

and

getting

hurt

almost

every

day.My

mom

was

worried.A

neighbor

advised

me

1.

?

（learn）

to

fish.I

liked

the

idea，but

my

mom

said

no.She

thought

it

was

dangerous

2.

（get）

close

to

any

body

of

water.to

learn

to

get

At

last，my

mom

got

another

idea.Every

day，she

made

me

3.

.

（sit）

at

the

desk

and

read

for

an

hour.I

hated

4.

（read）

and

cried

a

lot.Then，my

uncle，a

school

teacher，came

to

help.He

led

me

to

my

desk

and

told

me

5.

（pick）

one

book.“Read

just

twenty

pages.If

you

still

feel

bored

after

that，just

6.

（put）

it

down

and

choose

another

one，”he

said.I

started

with

The

Emperor’s

New

Clothes.After

I

read

twenty

pages

as

my

uncle

suggested，I

was

sit

reading/toread

to

pick

put

rolling（打滾）

on

the

floor

7.

（laugh）.What

a

stupid

emperor！

Next，I

re