PAGE日期：2007-01-09翻譯：蘆麗萍，王瑾，朱榮，鞏亞強(qiáng)審核PagePAGE1ofNUMPAGES85Date:2007-01-09Translatedby:Sophy,Vivian,Michelle,SimonproofreadPAGE46新建鄭州至西安鐵路客運(yùn)專線基礎(chǔ)工程沉降觀測指導(dǎo)方案（試行）Zheng-XiPDLFoundationEngineeringSettlementObservationDirectingScheme（Provision）鄭西鐵路客運(yùn)專線有限公司鄭西鐵路客運(yùn)專線工程咨詢項(xiàng)目部2006年11月·西安目錄一、 總則 4二、 主要依據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)范 5三、 沉降變形監(jiān)測網(wǎng)建立及測量技術(shù)要求 5四、 路基 7（一）一般規(guī)定 7（二）觀測的內(nèi)容 8（三）觀測斷面和觀測點(diǎn)的布置 8（四） 沉降觀測的頻度 9（五） 觀測精度要求 10（六） 沉降觀測要求 10（七） 評估方法和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 11五、 橋梁 13（一） 一般規(guī)定 13（二）沉降觀測的內(nèi)容 14（三）沉降觀測點(diǎn)的布置 14（四）觀測精度 14（五）沉降觀測頻度 15（六）評估方法和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 17六、 隧道 18（一）一般規(guī)定 18（二）沉降觀測的內(nèi)容 19（三）沉降觀測點(diǎn)的布置 19（四）觀測精度 19（五）沉降觀測頻度 19（六）評估方法及判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 20七、 過渡段 21（一）般規(guī)定 21（二）觀測點(diǎn)布置與觀測頻次 21（三）觀測精度 21（四）沉降觀測頻度 22（五）評估方法和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 22八、 組織與管理 22（一）主要工作內(nèi)容 22（二）工作分工與職責(zé) 22（三）工作程序 24（四）工作要求 26附件一：沉降觀測記錄手簿格式 27附件二：沉降觀測表格式 31附件三：組合式沉降板路基沉降觀測方法 46附件四：路基沉降常用預(yù)測方法 53

鄭西鐵路客運(yùn)專線基礎(chǔ)工程沉降觀測指導(dǎo)方案Zheng-XiPDLFoundationEngineeringSettlementObservationDirectingScheme總則General為指導(dǎo)鄭西鐵路客運(yùn)專線做好施工期間的沉降觀測，通過對路基、橋梁及隧道工程的沉降觀測資料進(jìn)行分析，預(yù)測工后沉降，提出加速路基沉降的措施，確定無碴軌道的鋪設(shè)時間，評估路基工后沉降控制效果，確保無碴軌道結(jié)構(gòu)的安全，制定本指導(dǎo)方案。InordertodirectZheng-XiPDLtodowellsettlementobservationduringconstruction,establishthisdirectingschemebyanalyzingsettlementobservationdataofsubgrades,bridges,andtunnels,forecastingsettlementafterconstruction,raisingacceleratingsubgradesettlementmeasurement,confirmingthetimeofpavingslabtrack,evaluatingthecontrollingeffectofsubgradesettlementafterconstruction,makingsuresafetyofslabtrackstructure.無碴軌道鋪設(shè)條件評估的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)是線下工程的變形，評估應(yīng)綜合考慮沿線路方向各種結(jié)構(gòu)物間的變形關(guān)系，以標(biāo)段為單位實(shí)施。設(shè)計單位按照本指導(dǎo)方案，以標(biāo)段為單位制定沉降觀測實(shí)施設(shè)計方案。Evaluationkeypointsofslabtrackpavingconditionsshouldbedeformationofunderlineconstruction.Evaluationshouldsyntheticallyconsiderdeformationrelationamongdifferentstructuresalongalienment,implementbysection.Contractorsshouldestablishsettlementobservationimplementdesignschemebysectionaccordingtothisscheme.基礎(chǔ)工程的沉降觀測數(shù)據(jù)必須采用先進(jìn)、成熟、科學(xué)的檢測手段取得，且必須真實(shí)可靠，全面反映工程實(shí)際狀況。Settlementobservationdataoffoundationengineeringshouldbegottenbyadvanced,matured,scientificcheckingmethods.Thedatawhichfullyreflectstheactualengineeringmustbetrue.本規(guī)定適用于施工期及正式驗(yàn)收通過前的沉降觀測評估工作。Thisregulationappliestosettlementobservationevaluationduringconstructionandbeforeacceptance.主要依據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)范Themainreferences:《客運(yùn)專線無碴軌道鋪設(shè)條件評估技術(shù)指南》；EvaluationTechniqueGuideforPavingConditionsofPDLSlabtrack《客運(yùn)專線無碴軌道鐵路工程測量技術(shù)暫行規(guī)定》；ProvisionalRegulationforPDLSlabtrackRailwayEngineeringMeasureTechnique《國家一、二等水準(zhǔn)測量規(guī)范》（GB12879－91）NationalFirstandSecondLevelMeasureRegulations（GB12879－91）《工程測量規(guī)范》（GB0026－93）EngineeringMeasureRegulations（GB0026－93）《全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）鐵路測量規(guī)程》GPSRailwayMeasureRegulations（TB10054－97）沉降變形監(jiān)測網(wǎng)建立及測量技術(shù)要求沉降監(jiān)測網(wǎng)的建立、精度要求等應(yīng)符合《客運(yùn)專線無碴軌道鐵路工程測量技術(shù)暫行規(guī)定》的要求；TheestablishmentandprecisionrequirementofsettlementmonitoringnetshouldaccordwithProvisionalRegulationforPDLSlabtrackRailwayEngineeringMeasureTechnique沉降監(jiān)測網(wǎng)應(yīng)在施工高程控制網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行加密建立，按二等水準(zhǔn)測量的精度和測量方法要求進(jìn)行施測。Settlementmonitoringnetshouldbeencryptedbasedontheconstructionheightcontrolnet,andshouldimplementmeasureaccordingtomeasureprecisionandmeasuremethodsofsecondlevel.高程基準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)間距不宜大于200m，以便于對沿線橋梁和路基等建筑物或構(gòu)筑物進(jìn)行沉降觀測。Thespacebetweenheightdatumnetpointsshouldbewithin200minordertoobservesettlementofbridges,subgradesandotherbuildingsalongtheline.變形測量點(diǎn)分為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)、工作基點(diǎn)和變形觀測點(diǎn)。其布設(shè)應(yīng)符合下列要求：Deformationmeasurepointsareclassifiedintodatummarks,workbasicpointsanddeformationobservationpoints.Thelayoutofthemshouldaccordwiththefollowingrequirements:每個獨(dú)立的監(jiān)測網(wǎng)應(yīng)設(shè)置不少于3個穩(wěn)固可靠的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，且基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的間距不大于1公里。基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)應(yīng)選設(shè)在變形影響范圍以外便于長期保存的穩(wěn)定位置。使用時應(yīng)作穩(wěn)定性檢查與檢驗(yàn)，并應(yīng)以穩(wěn)定或相對穩(wěn)定的點(diǎn)作為測定變形的參考點(diǎn)。Eachindependentobservationnetshouldsetnolessthan3steadydatummarks,andthespacebetweendatummarksshouldbewithin1km.Thedatummarksshouldbesetoutofdeformationscope,whichiseasytolongtermkeep.Whenusing,shouldcheckthestability,andmakethestableorcomparativelystablepointsasthereferentpointsformeasuringdeformation.工作基點(diǎn)應(yīng)選在比較穩(wěn)定的位置。對觀測條件較好或觀測項(xiàng)目較少的工程，可不設(shè)立工作基點(diǎn)，在基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)上直接測量變形觀測點(diǎn)；Workbasicpointsshouldbesetatastableplace.Fortheengineeringwhichhasbetterobservationconditionsandlessobservationprojectscandirectlymeasuredeformationobservationpointsatdatummarks,withoutsettingworkbasicpoints.(3)變形觀測點(diǎn)應(yīng)設(shè)立在變形體上能反映變形特征的位置。Deformationobservationpointsshouldbesetataplacewhichcanreflectdeformationcharacters.每次觀測前，對所使用的儀器和設(shè)備，應(yīng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)校正，并保留檢驗(yàn)記錄.Beforeobservation,checkandrevisetheinstrumentandfacility,andsavethecheckingrecord.在沉降觀測基準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)建立后，應(yīng)對水準(zhǔn)基點(diǎn)做好保護(hù)工作，發(fā)現(xiàn)丟樁或樁位有移動現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)盡快恢復(fù)和補(bǔ)測樁點(diǎn)。另外，應(yīng)定期對沉降觀測基準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行復(fù)測，提出復(fù)測成果，復(fù)測周期不大于6個月。Afterestablishingsettlementobservationnormnet,shouldprotectwelllevelbasicpoints.Iffindpiermissingormoved,shouldrecoverandmeasureitassoonaspossible.What’smore,shouldregularlyremeasuresettlementobservationnormnetandraiseremeasuringresults.Theremeasuringperiodshouldbenomorethan6months.應(yīng)使用精度不低于DSZ1的自動安平水準(zhǔn)儀或DS1的氣泡式水準(zhǔn)儀，水準(zhǔn)標(biāo)尺應(yīng)采用與之配套的帶有兩排分劃的線條式銦瓦合金標(biāo)尺，水準(zhǔn)儀和水準(zhǔn)標(biāo)尺各項(xiàng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)應(yīng)符合《國家一、二等水準(zhǔn)測量規(guī)范》（GB12879－91）有關(guān)規(guī)定，在沉降觀測前和沉降觀測過程中的規(guī)定時間段應(yīng)對儀器和標(biāo)尺進(jìn)行檢定。Shouldusetheautomaticlevel,precisionofwhichisnolessthanDSZ1,orusethebubblelevelDS1.Thelevelrodshouldusetworowsindiumalloystaffgauge.EverytechnicalcriteriaofwaterlevelandlevelrodshouldaccordwithNationalFirstandSecondLevelMeasureRegulations（GB12879－91），facilitiesandrodsshouldbecheckedbeforesettlementobservationandatthespecifiedslotofsettlementobservation.沉降觀測置鏡點(diǎn)、觀測路線、觀測人員、觀測設(shè)備一般應(yīng)固定，在成像清晰穩(wěn)定的條件下進(jìn)行觀測，不得在日出后及日出前約半小時及其他不宜觀測的天氣情況下作業(yè)；作業(yè)中應(yīng)經(jīng)常對水準(zhǔn)儀及水準(zhǔn)尺的水準(zhǔn)器和i角進(jìn)行檢查；在同一測站觀測時，不得兩次調(diào)焦，以確保觀測成果的質(zhì)量。Mirrorplaceofsettlementobservation,observationroutes,observers,observationfacilitiesshouldbefixed.Observeundertheclearandstableimagingcondition,don’taftersunrise,halfanhourbeforesunrise,andotherweatherwhichisn’tgoodforobservation;shouldfrequentlyexamineleveltubeandiangleoflevelinstrumentandlevelrod;inordertomakesurethequalityofobservationresultsdon’tfocustwotimesatthesameobservationstation.每一項(xiàng)目的工程變形測量任務(wù)完成以后要及時進(jìn)行測量成果整理，應(yīng)提交下列綜合成果資料：Afterfinishingengineeringdeformationmeasureofeachproject,clearuptheresultsintime,andhandinthefollowingdataofintegratedresults:（1）施測方案與技術(shù)設(shè)計書；measureschemeandtechniquedesign（2）控制點(diǎn)與觀測點(diǎn)平面布置圖；layoutplanofreferencepointsandobservationpoints（3）標(biāo)石、標(biāo)志規(guī)格及埋設(shè)圖；markstone,markstandard,andembeddeddrawing（4）儀器檢驗(yàn)與校正資料；checkfacilitiesandrevisedata（5）觀測記錄手簿；observationrecordnotebook（6）平差計算及測量成果表；balancecalculationandmeasureresultslist（7）變形過程和變形分布圖表；deformationprocessandlayoutplan（8）變形分析成果資料；dataofdeformationanalysisresults（9）變形測量技術(shù)報告。deformationmeasurementtechniquereport路基subgrade（一）一般規(guī)定generalregulation觀測的目的是通過沉降觀測，利用沉降觀測資料分析、預(yù)測工后沉降，提出加速路基沉降的措施，確定無碴軌道的鋪設(shè)時間，評估路基工后沉降控制效果，確保無碴軌道結(jié)構(gòu)的安全。Thepurposeoftheobservationisaftersettlementobserved,usedthesettlementobservationdatatoanalyzeandforecasttheafterworksettlement,putforwardthemeasure,whichincreasethesubgradesettlement,ensuretheslabtrackinstalledtime,estimatethesubgradeafterworksettlementcontroleffectandensuretheslabtrackstructuresafety.路基上無碴軌道鋪設(shè)前，應(yīng)對路基變形作系統(tǒng)的評估，確認(rèn)路基的工后沉降和變形滿足無碴軌道鋪設(shè)要求。Beforeinstalltheslabtrack,itshallsystemicassessthesubgradedeformationtoaffirmthesubgradeafterworksettlementanddeformationcansatisfytheslabtrackinstallationrequirement.路基填筑完成或施加預(yù)壓荷載后應(yīng)有不少于6個月的觀測和調(diào)整期。觀測數(shù)據(jù)不足以評估或工后沉降評估不能滿足設(shè)計要求時，應(yīng)延長觀測或采取必要的加速或控制沉降的措施。Afterfinishedfillingorpreloading,itshallhavemorethan6monthsobservationandadjustmentperiod.Whentheobserveddataisnotsufficienttoassessthesettlementortheafterworksettlementcannotsatisfythedesignrequirement,itshallbeextendedtheobservationtimeoradoptedthenecessarymeasuretoincreaseorcontrolthesettlement.觀測期內(nèi)，路基沉降實(shí)測值超過設(shè)計值20％及以上時，應(yīng)及時查明原因，必要時進(jìn)行地質(zhì)復(fù)查，并根據(jù)實(shí)測結(jié)果調(diào)整計算參數(shù)，對設(shè)計預(yù)測沉降進(jìn)行修正或采取沉降控制措施。Intheobservationperiod,whentheactualmeasuredsettlementexceedmorethan20%ofthedesignvalue,itshallclarifythereason,whennecessaryitshallrecheckthegeology,andaccordingtotheactualmeasuredresulttoadjustthecalculationparameter,modifyoradoptthesettlementcontrolmeasureforthedesignforecastsettlement.評估時發(fā)現(xiàn)異?，F(xiàn)象或?qū)υ加涗涃Y料存在疑問，要進(jìn)行必要的檢查。Whenassess,ifitwillappeartheabnormalappearanceorexistthedoubtfortheoriginalrecorderdata,itshallbechecked.（二）觀測的內(nèi)容thecontentoftheobservation路基沉降觀測應(yīng)以路基面沉降和地基沉降觀測為主。Thesubgradesettlementobservationshallmainlyobservethesubgradesurfacesettlementandfoundationsettlement路塹沉降觀測部位為基床表層的底面處。Thecuttingsettlementobservationpartisthebottomsurfaceofthebeddingsurfacelayer.路堤沉降是由路堤本體和地基組成，為了觀測到路堤的沉降與時間的關(guān)系，及沉降主要產(chǎn)生的部位，一般路堤觀測的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為：基床底層頂面的路基總沉降和地基面處地基部分總沉降。Theembankmentsettlementiscausedbyembankmentandthefoundation.Toobservetherelationshipbetweenthesettlementandtimeoftheembankmentandthemainpartthatcausedthesettlement,generallytheembankmentobservationcontentis:thesubgradetotalsettlementofthebeddingbottomlayersurfaceandthefoundationparttotalsettlementofthefoundationsurface.對于地基條件復(fù)雜和填土高度大的路堤，還包括如下內(nèi)容：路堤中部的沉降觀測；地基處理范圍的下限處地基深部的沉降觀測。Fortheembankmentthatthefoundationconditionismorecomplexandthefillingishigher,itshallbealsocontainedthefollowingcontent:thesettlementobservationinthemiddlepartoftheembankment;inthefoundationtreatmentrangethelowerlimitpart,thesettlementobservationofthefoundationdepth.（三）觀測斷面和觀測點(diǎn)的布置settheobservationcrosssectionandobservationpoint1、觀測斷面布置settheobservationcrosssection路基沉降觀測斷面的設(shè)置及觀測斷面的觀測內(nèi)容應(yīng)根據(jù)地形地質(zhì)條件、地基處理方法、路堤高度、堆載預(yù)壓等具體情況，結(jié)合沉降預(yù)測方法和工期要求具體確定。

Thesetupofsubgradesettlementobservationcrosssectionandtheobservationcontentoftheobservationcrosssectionshallfollowthelandformandgeologicalcondition,foundationtreatmentmethod,heightoftheembankment,preloadingetc,andcombinewiththesettlementforecastingmethodandtheworktimerequirementtodetermine.沉降觀測斷面的間距一般不應(yīng)大于50m。地形、地質(zhì)條件變化較大地段應(yīng)適當(dāng)加密（以設(shè)計文件為準(zhǔn)），應(yīng)不大于25m布設(shè)一個斷面。

Generally,thedistancebetweentheobservationcrosssectionsisnolargerthan50m,ifthefoundationconditioniscomplex,thelandformischangedalot(thedesigndocumentasastandard)itshallbeincreased,every25mitshallbesetonecrosssection.一個沉降觀測單元（連續(xù)路基沉降觀測區(qū)段為一單元）應(yīng)不少于2個觀測斷面。

Inonesettlementobservationunit(continuoussubgradesettlementobservationsectionisoneunit),itisnolessthan2observationcrosssections.2、觀測點(diǎn)布置settheobservationpoint沉降觀測可在線路兩側(cè)地基、路肩和線路中心設(shè)置觀測樁；在地基和基床底層的頂面設(shè)置剖面沉降管，或在線路中心設(shè)置沉降板。

Thesettlementobservationcanbesetonthefoundation,shoulderatthetwosidesofthelineandinthecenterofthelineitcanbesettheobservationpile.Onthesurfaceofthefoundationandthebeddingbottomlayeritshallbesettheprofilesettlementpipe,orinthecenterofthelineshallbesetthesettlementboard.對于路堤觀測斷面，在線路中心線布設(shè)一組沉降板，路肩兩側(cè)布設(shè)變形觀測樁。對地形橫向坡度大或地層橫向厚度變化的路基工點(diǎn)應(yīng)布設(shè)不少于1個橫向觀測斷面，每個斷面3組觀測點(diǎn)。

Itshallbesetonegroupsettlementboardonthealignmentcenterlinefortheembankmentobservationcrosssection,onthetwosidesoftheshoulderitshallbesetthedeformationobservationpile.Forthesubgradeworkareathatthelandformcrossdirectiongradientislargerorthestratumcrossdirectionthicknesschanged,itshallbesetmorethan1crossobservationsection,everycrosssectionshallcontain3groupobservationpoints.有預(yù)壓土路塹地段，每個路塹斷面在線路中心設(shè)沉降板一組，兩側(cè)路肩各設(shè)觀測樁1個。無預(yù)壓土路塹地段，每個路塹斷面在兩側(cè)路肩各設(shè)觀測樁1個。

Forthecuttingsectionthathavethepreloading,everycuttingcrosssectionshallbesetonegroupcombinedtypesettlementboardinthecenterofthealignment,onthetwosidesoftheshoulderitshallbesetoneobservationpileseparately.forthecuttingsectionsthatnopreloading,everycuttingcrosssectionshallbesetoneobservationpileseparatelyonthetwosidesoftheshoulder.組合式沉降板對于減少路基填筑的施工干擾有優(yōu)勢，可以在鄭西客運(yùn)專線試驗(yàn)使用。實(shí)施前應(yīng)制定操作細(xì)則、做好培訓(xùn)。組合式沉降板路基沉降觀測方法見附件一。

Thecombinationformsettlementboardhastheadvantagetoreducethesubgradefillingconstructioninfluence,itcanbetestedusedforZheng-XiPDL.Beforeperformed,itshallsettheoperationdetailedprinciples,andpreparethetraining.Thecombinationformsettlementboardsubgradesettlementobservationmethodseestheattachment1.圖1路堤沉降觀測斷面觀測標(biāo)志布置示意圖Drawing1thedrawingofembankmentsettlementobservationcrosssectionembeddedthemark圖2路塹沉降觀測斷面觀測標(biāo)志布置示意圖Drawing2thedrawingforcuttingsettlementobservationcrosssectionsetthemark沉降觀測的頻度thefrequencyofthesettlementobservation沉降觀測分為四階段進(jìn)行，每個階段的沉降觀測的頻次應(yīng)根據(jù)沉降的發(fā)生與發(fā)展規(guī)律及沉降大小確定，一般應(yīng)按照如下觀測頻度進(jìn)行。Thesettlementobservationshallbedividedintofourstages,thesettlementobservationfrequencyofeverystageshallbefollowedthesettlementdevelopedregulationandthesettlementdimensionstoensure,generallyitshallbedonefollowthefollowingobservationfrequency.第一階段：路基填筑施工期間的觀測，主要觀測路基填土施工期間地基與堤身的沉降變形以及路堤坡腳邊樁位移與沉降。本階段沉降觀測應(yīng)與施工配合，每填筑一層應(yīng)觀測一次；同時應(yīng)保證不超過3天觀測1次。Firststage:theobservationduringthesubgradefillingconstruction,mainlyobservedthefoundationandembankmentsettlementdeformationandthereplacementandsettlementofthesidepileonthetoeoftheembankmentslopeduringthesubgradefillingconstructionperiod.Forthisstage,thesettlementobservationshallbecooperatedwiththeconstruction,whenfilledonelayeritshallbeobservedonce,atthesametime,itshallbeobservedoncein3d.第二階段：路基填筑施工完成且預(yù)壓土方施加后，自然沉落期的沉降觀測，該階段應(yīng)對路基基床底層頂面的沉降及路基基底沉降進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的觀測，直到工后沉降評估可滿足鋪設(shè)無碴軌道的要求為止。本階段的沉降觀測頻度為：第1～15天每3天一次，第16～90天每7天一次，第90～180天每15天一次。Secondstage:afterfinishedsubgradefillingconstructionandpreloading,thesettlementobservationforthenaturalsettlementperiod,forthisstageitshallbeobservedthesurfacesettlementofthesubgradethetopofbeddingbottomlayerandthesubgradefoundationbottomsettlementuntiltheafterworksettlementevaluationcansatisfyinstalledtheslabtrackrequirement.Thesettlementobservationfrequencyis:forthefirst1-15d,every3donce,the16th-90d,every7donce,the90th-180devery15donce.第三階段：預(yù)壓土方卸載、鋪設(shè)基床表層（級配碎石層）、無碴軌道鋪設(shè)期間及正式運(yùn)營前的觀測。本階段的沉降觀測頻度為：前15天每3天一次，第15天后每7天一次。Thirdstage:theobservationforunloadthepreloading,pavethebeddingsurfacelayer(gradatedcrushedstonelayer),installtheslabtrackperiodandbeforeofficiallyoperation.Thesettlementobservationfrequencyis:forthefirst15devery3donce,forthelast15devery7donce.第四階段：試運(yùn)營期間的觀測（對于需進(jìn)行運(yùn)營期進(jìn)行沉降觀測的路基）。本階段的沉降觀測主要進(jìn)行路基面觀測樁的觀測，一般每月1次，必要時進(jìn)行路基本體沉降及地基土沉降的觀測。Forthstage:theobservationforthetestoperationperiod(forthesubgradethatneedtobeobservedthesettlementduringtheoperationperiod).Thesettlementobservationmainlyobservedthesubgradesurfaceobservationpile,generallyeverymonthonce,ifitisnecessaryitshallbeobservedsubgradesettlementandthefoundationsoilsettlement.實(shí)際工作進(jìn)行時，觀測時間的間隔還要看地基的沉降值和沉降速率，兩次連續(xù)觀測的沉降差值大于4mm時應(yīng)加密觀測頻次。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)沉降突變、地下水變化及降雨等外部環(huán)境變化時應(yīng)增加觀測頻次。Whendotheactualwork,theobservedtimeandintervalneedtoconcernaboutthesettlementvalueandsettlementspeed,whenthesettlementdifferentvalueoftwicecontinuouslyobservationismorethan4mm,itshallbeincreasedtheobservationfrequency.Whentheoutsideenvironmentchangede.g.thesettlementsuddenlychangedalot,thegroundwaterchangedandtherainfalletc.itshallincreasetheobservationfrequency.觀測精度要求therequirementoftheobservationaccuracy沉降水準(zhǔn)的測量精度為±1mm，讀數(shù)取位至0.1mm；剖面沉降的測量精度為8mm/30m。Thesurveyaccuracyofthesettlementwaterlevelis±1mm,thereadingaccuracyis0.1mm,andthesurveyaccuracyoftheprofilesettlementis8mm/30m.沉降觀測要求thesettlementobservationrequirement為達(dá)到路基沉降觀測的目的，建立沉降與時間的關(guān)系，了解產(chǎn)生沉降的部位，沉降觀測應(yīng)考慮如下要求。Toachievethesubgradesettlementobservationpropose,itshallbecreatedthesettlement-timerelationshiptoknowwhichpartcausedthesettlement.Thesettlementobservationshallbeconsideredthefollowingrequirement.為了觀測到各部位的總沉降，從路基填土開始，沉降觀測也隨即進(jìn)行。

Toobservetotalsettlementofeverypart,itshallbestartedfromthesubgradefillingandtogetherwiththesettlementobservation.沉降標(biāo)志的埋設(shè)是在施工過程中進(jìn)行的，施工單位的填筑施工要與標(biāo)志的埋設(shè)作好協(xié)調(diào)，做到互不干擾、影響。路堤的填筑進(jìn)度要及時告知負(fù)責(zé)埋設(shè)沉降板的人員，避免錯過最佳埋設(shè)機(jī)會。觀測設(shè)施的埋設(shè)及沉降觀測工作應(yīng)按本方案所要求，不能影響路基填筑質(zhì)量的均勻性。

Thesettlementmarkshallbeembeddedduringtheconstructionprocedure,thecontractorshallcooperatethefillingconstructionwiththemarkembeddedandnoninterferenceandnoinfluence.Therateprogressoftheembankmentfillingshallbeinformedtothepersonwhoresponsibleforembedsthecombinedtypesettlementboardintimetoavoidlossestheoptimizedembeddedtime.Theobservationequipmentembeddedandthesettlementobservationworkshallbefollowedthisschemerequirement,andcannotinfluencethesubgradefillingqualityuniformity.在沉降板埋設(shè)基本不影響施工的條件下，路基的施工應(yīng)作到碾壓的均勻性，質(zhì)量的一致性，使沉降觀測資料具有良好的代表性。

Undertheconditionthatthesettlementequipmentembeddedbasicallycannotinfluencetheconstruction,thesubgradeconstructionshallberolleduniformity,thequalityisconsistency,andthesettlementobservationdatahavethewellrepresentative.4．為了分析施工期沉降和工后沉降、施工期沉降與總沉降的關(guān)系以及驗(yàn)證推算工后沉降方法的準(zhǔn)確性，對部分有代表性路基（暫定工程試驗(yàn)段），進(jìn)行運(yùn)營期間的長期沉降觀測，以期得到最終沉降量。

Toanalyzethesettlementandafterworksettlementduringtheconstructionperiod,therelationshipbetweenthesettlementduringtheconstructionperiodandtotalsettlementandverifytheveracityoftheafterworksettlementmethod,itshallbeobservedthesettlementduringtheoperationtimeforlongtimeforparttypicalsubgrade(temporarydeterminedthetestsection)thengetthefinalsettlement.評估方法和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)assessmentmethodanddeterminationstandard1、觀測資料整理summarizedtheobservationdata采用統(tǒng)一的《鄭西客運(yùn)專線路基沉降觀測記錄表》（見附表）做好觀測數(shù)據(jù)的記錄與整理。

ItshallbeusedtheuniformZheng-XiPDLsubgradesettlementobservationrecordingtable(seetheattachedtable)torecordandcoordinatetheobservationdata.根據(jù)觀測資料，及時完成有關(guān)圖表的繪制，主要包括：accordingtotheobservationdata,itshallbefinishedthediagramintime,mainlycontained:每個觀測標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的荷載——時間——沉降曲線；

theload-time-settlementcurveforeveryobservationsymbolpoint產(chǎn)生沉降的各層壓縮量與時間的關(guān)系曲線，即每層的時間——荷載——壓縮量曲線。

Foreverylayerthatcaused,thesettlementcompressionvalue-timerelationshipcurve,thatmeanseverylayertime-load-compressioncurve.繪制每個觀測標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的——曲線

the——curveofeveryobservationsymbolpoint圖4——曲線（為橫坐標(biāo)，縱坐標(biāo)）Drawing4——curve(istheabscissa,istheverticalcoordinate)sn為時間段每n天的沉降值，為時間段每n天沉降值的累計值，在同一圖上繪有沉降標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線，曲線示意如圖4。snisthetimesectionthatmeanseveryndaysthesettlement,isthetimesectionthatmeanseveryndaysthesettlementaccumulatedvalue),inthesamedrawingitshallbedrawnthesettlementstandardcurve,thecurveseethedrawing4.對沉降觀測資料及時分析，尤其是在預(yù)壓期，應(yīng)對路基沉降的發(fā)展趨勢進(jìn)行分析，分析意見及時報鄭西公司和咨詢項(xiàng)目部，以便在必要時采取補(bǔ)救措施。

thesettlementobservationdatashallbeanalyzedintime,especiallyforthepreloadingperiod,itshallbeanalyzedthesubgradesettlementdevelopedtrend,thecommentsshallbedeliveredtotheZheng-XiCompanyandconsultancydepartment,whennecessaryitcanbeusedtheremediationtreatmentforthepreloading2、路基評估工作應(yīng)根據(jù)下列資料綜合分析：thesubgradeassessmentshallfollowthefollowingdatatoanalyze:路基沉降觀測資料。Thesubgradesettlementobservationdata路基地段的線路設(shè)計縱斷面圖、工程地質(zhì)縱橫斷面圖、設(shè)計圖紙和說明書、沉降計算報告(包括不同階段的設(shè)計沉降值與時間的關(guān)系曲線)等相關(guān)設(shè)計資料。Thelongitudinaldrawingofthesubgradesectionalignment,thegeologicallongitudinalandcrosssectiondrawing,designdrawinganddesigndocument,settlementcalculationreport(containtherelationshipcurvebetweenthedesignedsettlementvalueandtimeofdifferentstage)etcrelevantdesigndata.施工過程、施工核查以及填料、級配、地基和壓實(shí)檢驗(yàn)情況等施工資料。Constructionprocedure,constructioncheckandfilling,gradated,foundationandcompactioninspectionsituationetcconstructiondata.施工質(zhì)量控制過程和抽檢情況等監(jiān)理資料。Constructionqualitycontrolprocedureandsampleinspectionsituationetcsupervisiondata.3、評估分析方法evaluationanalysismethod路基沉降預(yù)測應(yīng)采用曲線回歸法，常用方法有：雙曲線法、固結(jié)度對數(shù)配合法（三點(diǎn)法）、拋物線法、指數(shù)曲線法、修正指數(shù)曲線法、沉降速率法、星野法、泊松曲線法等曲線擬合方法推算工后沉降（詳見附件二《路基沉降常用預(yù)測方法》）。黃土地區(qū)沉降曲線適合用何種方法推算工后沉降，需要在路基沉降預(yù)測時具體分析研究。

thesubgradesettlementforecastshallbeusedcurvilinearregressionmethod,generallymethodsare:hyperboliccurvemethod,consolidationlogarithmiccooperationmethod(three-pointmethod),parabolicmethod,exponentcurvemethod,modifiedexponentcurvemethod,settlementspeedmethod,Xingyemethod,Poissoncurvemethodetccurvefittingmethodtoestimatetheafterworksettlement(seetheattachedSubgradeSettlementGeneralForecastMethod).Fortheloessarea,whichmethodshallbeusedforestimatetheafterworksettlement,whenforecastthesubgradesettlementitneedtoanalyzeandresearch.路基沉降預(yù)測曲線回歸法應(yīng)滿足以下要求：thesubgradesettlementforecastcurvilinearregressionmethodshallsatisfythefollowingrequirement:根據(jù)路基填筑完成或堆載預(yù)壓后不少于3個月的實(shí)際觀測數(shù)據(jù)作多種曲線的回歸分析，確定沉降變形的趨勢，曲線回歸的相關(guān)系數(shù)不應(yīng)低于0.92；Accordingtothemorethan3monthsactualobserveddataaftersubgradefilledorpreloading,itcandothecurvilinearregressionanalysisofmanykindsofcurvestoensurethesettlementdeformationtrend.Therelatedcoefficientofthecurvilinearregressionisnolessthan0.92.沉降預(yù)測的可靠性應(yīng)經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證，間隔不少于3個月的兩次預(yù)測最終沉降的差值不應(yīng)大于8mm；Thereliabilityofthesettlementforecastshallbechecked,thedifferentvalueofthetwotimes,whichtheintervalismorethan3months,forecastedthefinalsettlementcannotlargerthan8mm.路基填筑完成或堆載預(yù)壓后，最終的沉降預(yù)測時間應(yīng)滿足下列條件：

afterfinishedthesubgradefilledorpreloading,thefinalsettlementforecastedtimeshallsatisfythefollowingcondition:s(t)/s(t=∞)≥75%式中s(t)——預(yù)測時的沉降觀測值；whenforecast,thisisthesettlementobservedvalues(t=∞)——預(yù)測的最終沉降值。Theforecastedfinalsettlementvalue注：沉降和時間以路基填筑完成或堆載預(yù)壓后為起始點(diǎn)。Remark:forthesettlementandtime,afterthesubgradefilledorpreloadingasthestartpoint.設(shè)計沉降計算總沉降量與通過實(shí)測資料預(yù)測的總沉降量之差值不宜大于10mm。

thedifferencebetweenthedesignedsettlementcalculatedtotalsettlementandforecastedtotalsettlementthatusedtheactualmeasureddataisunadvisablelargerthan10mm.路基填筑完成或施加預(yù)壓荷載后應(yīng)有不少于6個月的觀測和調(diào)整期，持續(xù)沉降觀測不少于6個月的時間，根據(jù)這6個月以上的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，繪制“時間-沉降量"曲線，按實(shí)測沉降數(shù)據(jù)推算分析并推算總沉降量、工后沉降值，初步確定鋪軌時間。觀測數(shù)據(jù)不足以評估或工后沉降評估不能滿足設(shè)計要求時，應(yīng)繼續(xù)觀測或采取必要的加速或控制沉降的措施。

Afterfilledthesubgradeorpreloading,itshallhavemorethan6monthsobservationandadjustmentperiod,thecontinuouslysettlementobservationismorethan6months.Accordingtotheobservationdataupto6months,itshallbedrawnthetime-settlementcurve.Accordingtotheactualsettlementdataanalysistocalculatethetotalsettlement,afterworksettlement,anditshallbeprimarilydeterminedthetimetoinstalltheslabtrack.Whentheobserveddataisnotsufficienttoassessortheafterworksettlementcannotsatisfythedesignrequirement,itshallcontinuouslyobserveoradoptmeasuretoincreaseorcontrolthesettlement在3個月后進(jìn)行第一次預(yù)測，根據(jù)3個月的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，繪制“時間-沉降量"曲線，按實(shí)測沉降數(shù)據(jù)初步預(yù)測6月的沉降量及剩余沉降量，以決定運(yùn)架梁的時間。

After3monthsitshallbeforecastedforthefirsttime.Accordingtothe3monthssupervisiondata,itshallbedrawnthetime-settlementcurve,accordingtotheactualsettlementdata,itshallbeprimaryforecastedthe6monthssettlementandtheresidentialsettlementtodeterminethetimeforlaunchinggirder.Itisallowedtoimprovetheforecastaccordingtothefarthersettlementobservationdata.當(dāng)推算的工后沉降值滿足評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時，才能鋪設(shè)無碴軌道。當(dāng)沉降分析結(jié)果表明無碴軌道不能在計劃的工期鋪設(shè)時，則要研究確定是延長路基擺放時間，還是采取調(diào)整預(yù)壓土高度、調(diào)整預(yù)壓土卸荷時間、增加地基加固等工程措施。

whenthecalculatedafterworksettlementcansatisfytheassessmentstandard,itcanbeinstalledtheslabtrack.Whenthesettlementanalysisresultshownthattheslabtrackcannotbeinstalledintheplannedworktime,itshalldiscusstoensurewhetherextendthesubgradepreloadingtimeoradjusttheheightofpreloading,adjusttheunloadingtime,increasethefoundationtreatmentetc.measures.3、評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)theevaluationstandard根據(jù)實(shí)測沉降觀測資料推算的路基工后沉降量不超過扣件允許的沉降調(diào)高量15mm；

accordingtotheactualsettlementobservationdata,thatcalculatedthesubgradeafterworksettlementisnotexceedthefastenerallowedsettlementadjustedvalue15mm.沉降比較均勻的路基，推算最大工后沉降量不超過30mm，并且調(diào)整軌面高程后圓順的豎曲線半徑應(yīng)不小于（為設(shè)計最高速度，km/h）；

forthesubgradethatthesettlementismoreuniform,thecalculatedmaximumafterworksettlementcannotexceed30mm,andalsoafteradjustedtherailelevationthesmoothlyverticalradiusisnolessthan0.4(isthedesignedmaximumspeed,km/h)路橋或路隧交界處的差異沉降不應(yīng)大于5mm，過渡段沉降造成的路基與橋梁或隧道的折角不應(yīng)大于1/1000。Thedifferentiasettlementofthesubgrade-bridgeorsubgrade-tunnelislessthan5mm,thesubgrade-bridgeorsubgrade-tunnelanglecausedbythetransitionsectionsettlementislessthan1/1000橋梁Bridge一般規(guī)定Generalrequirement無碴軌道鋪設(shè)前，應(yīng)對橋涵變形作系統(tǒng)的評估，確認(rèn)橋涵基礎(chǔ)沉降和梁體長期變形等符合設(shè)計要求。Beforeconstructingslabtrack,systemicevaluationmustbecarriedoutonstructuredeformationtoconfirmthatstructurefoundationsettlementandlong-termdeformationofsuperstructurecansatisfydesignrequirements.通過各施工階段對墩臺沉降的觀測，驗(yàn)證和校核設(shè)計理論、設(shè)計計算方法，并根據(jù)沉降資料的分析預(yù)測總沉降和工后沉降量，進(jìn)而確定橋梁工后沉降是否滿足鋪設(shè)無碴軌道要求。Byobservingsettlementforeachconstructionstageonpiersandabutment,toverifyandcheckdesignprinciple,designcalculationmethod,andaccordingtothesettlementobservationdocumentstoanalyzetheforecastedtotalsettlementandtheamountofafter-worksettlement,thentomakesurethatiftheafter-worksettlementcansatisfytherequirementofdesign.根據(jù)沉降資料分析，對沉降量可能超標(biāo)的墩臺研究對策，提出改進(jìn)措施，以保證橋梁工程的安全；同時積累實(shí)體橋梁工程的沉降觀測資料，為完善樁基礎(chǔ)沉降分析方法作技術(shù)儲備。Accordingtosettlementobservationdocumenttocarryoutanalysis,forabutmentandpierswithhighervaluemaybeexceedrequirement,shalltakestudy,andputoutimprovingmeasuretoguaranteethesafetyofbridgestructure;atthesametimetoaccumulatetheactualbridgessettlementobservationdocuments,tomakethetechnologybaseforcompletinganalysismethodonpilefoundationsettlementobservation.橋涵主體工程完工后，沉降觀測期一般應(yīng)不少于6個月；巖石地基等良好地質(zhì)區(qū)段的橋梁，沉降觀測期應(yīng)不少于2個月。觀測數(shù)據(jù)不足或工后沉降評估不能滿足設(shè)計要求時，應(yīng)適當(dāng)延長觀測期。Afterfinishingmainstructureofbridge&culvert,periodofsettlementmonitoringshallnotbelessthan6months;forbridgesinareawithgoodgeologicalconditionlikerocklayers,thesettlementmonitoringperiodshallnotbelessthan2months.Whenthemonitoringdataisnotsufficientorevaluationofsettlementafter-workcannotsatisfydesignrequirement,monitoringtimeshallbeelongated.觀測期內(nèi)，基礎(chǔ)沉降實(shí)測值超過設(shè)計值20％及以上時，應(yīng)及時查明原因，必要時進(jìn)行地質(zhì)復(fù)查，并根據(jù)實(shí)測結(jié)果調(diào)整計算參數(shù)，對設(shè)計預(yù)測沉降進(jìn)行修正或采取沉降控制措施。Duringmonitoring,iftheactualvalueoffoundationsettlementexceeded20%ofdesignedvalueormore,thereasonmustbefoundout