——“Beauty

is

truth,

truthbeauty”美即是真，真即是美IntroductionLife

StoryWorksHis

Position

in

English

LiteratureJohn

Keats

(1795-1821)>One

of

the

2nd

generationof

romantic

poets>Famous

as

Byron

andShelley>Outstanding

representativeof

European

RomanticMovementIntroductionLife

Story1810

mother1815-1816

Studied

&

licensed

apothecary1817

book,

Poems1821

died1795born1804father1811surgeon-apothecary外科藥劑商After

that,

Keats

lived

in

Hampstead（漢普斯特）—Keats

HouseFell

in

love

with

his

neighbor—FannyBrawneThe

last

year

of

his

lifeTo

Fanny

Brawne,

March

1820This

perhaps

should

be

as

much

a

subjectof

sorrow

as

joy

-

but

I

will

not

talk

of

thatEven

if

you

did

not

love

me

I

could

not

helpan

entire

devotion

to

you:

how

much

moredeeply

then

must

I

feel

for

you

knowingyou

love

me.

My

Mind

has

been

the

mostdiscontented

and

restless

one

that

everwas

put

into

a

body

too

small

for

it.

I

neverfelt

my

Mind

repose

upon

anything

withcomplete

and

undistracted

enjoyment

-upon

no

person

but

you.When

you

are

in

the

room

my

thoughtsnever

fly

out

of

window:

you

alwaysconcentrate

my

whole

senses.

The

anxietyshown

about

our

Love

in

your

last

note

isan

immense

pleasure

to

me;

however

youYour

affectionate,

J.

KeatsSweetest

Fanny,You

fear,

sometimes,

I

do

not

love

you

somuch

as

you

wish?

My

dear

Girl

I

love

youever

and

ever

and

without

reserve.

Themore

I

have

known

you

the

more

have

Ilov'd.

In

every

way

-

even

my

jealousieshave

been

agonies

of

Love,

in

the

hottestfit

I

ever

had

I

would

have

died

for

you.

Ihave

vex'd

you

too

much.

But

for

Love!Can

I

help

it?

You

are

always

new.

Thelast

of

your

kisses

was

ever

the

sweetest;the

last

smile

the

brightest;

the

lastmovement

the

gracefullest.

When

youpass'd

my

window

home

yesterday,

I

wasfill'd

with

as

much

admiration

as

if

I

hadthen

seen

you

for

the

first

time.

You

utteredmust

not

suffer

such

speculations

to

molesta

half

complaint

once

that

I

only

lov'd

youryou

any

more:

not

will

I

any

more

believeBeauty.

Have

I

nothing

else

then

to

love

in

you

can

have

the

least

pique

against

me.

you

but

that?

Do

not

I

see

a

heart

naturally

Brown

is

gone

out

--

but

here

is

Mrs

Wylie

-furnish'd

with

wings

imprison

itself

with

me-?when

she

is

gone

I

shall

be

awake

for

you.No

ill

prospect

has

been

able

to

turn

your

--

Remembrances

to

your

Mother.thoughts

a

moment

from

me.無法獲取該音頻文件?！癏ere

lies

one

whose

name

waswrit

in

water.”(此地長眠者，聲名水上書)His

last

request

:to

be

buried

underan

unnamed

tombstone,

with

wordsIn

the

following

years,

troubled

byillness

and

povertyEarly

1821,his

tuberculosis

（肺結(jié)核）declinedSevern(塞文)accompanied

himwhen

Keats

died2.23.1821,Keats

died

and

buried

inProtestant

Cometery

Rome.After

his

death,

Fanny

mournedhim

for

7

years

and

wore

hisengagement

ring

till

she

diedWorksHe

produced

a

variety

of

work,including

epic,lyric

（抒情詩）and

narrative

poems.Odes(頌詩,賦）are

regarded

as

Keats’s

mostimportant

and

mature

works.Short

Poems1.Ode

to

a

Nightingale“夜鶯頌“On

a

Grecian

Urn“希臘古甕頌”O(jiān)n

Melancholy“憂郁頌”When

I

have

Fear“當(dāng)我害怕的時候”TO

Autumn“秋頌”

On

the

Grasshopper

and

theCricket“蛐蛐與蟋蟀”Bright

Star“閃亮的星星”O(jiān)

Solitude“哦，孤獨(dú)”Five

long

poems1.Endymion《恩底彌翁》2.Isabella《伊莎貝拉》3.The

Eve

of

St.

Agnes《圣亞尼節(jié)前夜》Lamia《萊米亞》Hyperion《赫坡里昂》1.Ode

to

a

Nightingale“夜鶯頌”第一節(jié)My

heart

aches,

and

a

drowsy

numbnesspainsMy

sense,

as

though

of

hemlock

I

haddrunk,Or

emptied

some

dull

opiate

to

the

drainsOne

minute

past,

and

Lethe-wards

hadsunk:'Tis

not

through

envy

of

thy

happy

lot,But

being

too

happy

in

thine

happiness

--That

thou,

light

winged

Dryad

of

the

trees,In

some

melodious

plotOf

beechen

green,

and

shadowsnumberless,Singest

of

summer

in

full-throated

ease.第一節(jié)我的心疼痛，我感到昏昏欲睡，麻木不仁，好像是飲過毒鴆，又像是剛剛吞服過鴉片，開始沉向冥府的忘川。這并非我對你的福氣有所妒嫉，而是你的歡樂使我過度欣喜——你呀，羽翼翩翩的樹精，在山毛櫸的綠葉與蔭影之中，在那歌聲悠揚(yáng)的地點(diǎn)，你舒展了喉嚨，歌唱著夏天第二節(jié)O,

for

a

draught

of

vintage!

that

hath

beenCool'd

a

long

age

in

the

deep-delved

earth,Tasting

of

Flora

and

the

country

green,Dance,

and

Provencal

song,

and

sunburntmirth!O

for

a

beaker

full

of

the

warm

SouthFull

of

the

true,

the

blushful

Hippocrene,With

beaded

bubbles

winking

at

the

brim,And

purple-stained

mouth,That

I

might

drink,

and

leave

the

worldunseen,And

with

thee

fade

away

into

the

forest

dim.第二節(jié)啊，但愿有一口美酒，一口曾在地窖冷藏多年的美酒！人一嘗就會想到花神，想到蔥綠的酒鄉(xiāng)，想起舞蹈、戀歌和豐收季節(jié)的歡狂。啊，要是那杯酒帶有南國的熱氣，紅如人面，充滿靈感之泉的真味，珍珠的泡沫在杯沿浮動，能把嘴唇染得緋紅，我就會一飲而盡，悄然離開塵寰，隨你隱沒在幽暗的林間。第三節(jié)Fade

far

away,

dissolve,

and

quite

forgetWhat

thou

amongst

the

leaves

hast

neverknown,The

weariness,

the

fever,

and

the

fretHere,

where

men

sit

and

hear

each

othergroan;Where

palsy

shakes

a

few,

sad,

last

greyhairs.Where

youth

grows

pale,

and

spectre-thin,and

dies;Where

nut

to

think

is

to

be

full

of

sorrowAnd

leaden-eyed

despairs;Where

Beauty

cannot

keep

her

lustrouseyes,Or

new

Love

pine

at

them

beyond

to-morrow.第三節(jié)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地隱沒，消失，并且忘記你在林間從不知曉的東西，忘記這里的厭倦、焦慮和煩躁不安。這里，人們坐在一起長吁短嘆；這里，老年癱瘓了，只剩得幾根白發(fā)搖晃，青年也變得蒼白，瘦削，以至死亡；這里，人們一思想就感到傷悲，就會絕望得兩眼鉛灰；這里，美人的雙眸難以保持明麗，新生的愛情第二天就會凋敝。第四節(jié)Away!

away!

for

I

will

fly

to

thee,Not

charioted

by

Bacchus

and

his

pards,But

on

the

viewless

wings

of

Poesy,Though

the

dull

brain

perplexes

andretards.Already

with

thee!

tender

is

the

night,And

haply

the

Queen-Moon

is

on

herthrone,Clustered

around

by

all

her

starry

Fays;But

here

there

is

no

light,Save

what

from

heaven

is

with

the

breezesblownThrough

verdurous

glooms

and

windingmossy

ways.第四節(jié)飛去，飛去，我要向你飛去，不是與酒神同駕豹車而去，而是乘坐詩神的無形的雙翼，盡管這頭腦恁地遲鈍、團(tuán)惑和呆滯。啊，此刻我終于和你在一起了；夜，是這般地柔和，也許月后已經(jīng)登上寶座，眾星正在四周守望，但是，這里卻沒有光亮，除了幾絲天光，隨風(fēng)穿過窗枝的隙縫，穿過綠葉的蔭影和苔蘚的曲徑。第五節(jié)I

cannot

see

what

flowers

are

at

my

feet,Nor

what

soft

incensehangs

upon

theboughs,But,

in

embalmed

darkness,

guess

eachsweetWherewith

the

seasonable

month

endowsThe

grass,

the

thicket,

and

the

fruit-treewild--White

hawthorn,

and

the

pastoral

eglantine;Fast

fading

violets

covered

up

in

leaves;And

mid-May's

eldest

child,The

coming

musk-rose,

full

of

dewy

wine,The

murmurous

haunt

of

flies

on

summereves.第五節(jié)我看不清什么花兒在我腳下，也望不見什么花兒在枝頭掛，但是，在溫馨的黑夜，我卻能猜想這個季節(jié)的每一種芬芳，那就該有香草、灌木和野果樹的花。有山楂和野玫瑰的花，還有早謝的紫羅蘭為綠葉遮蓋，還有麝香薔薇即將盛開——那種薔薇是五月中旬的驕兒，流露著酒香，它是夏夜蚊蠅飛鳴的地方。第六節(jié)Darkling

I

listen;

and

for

many

a

timeI

have

been

half

in

love

with

easeful

Death,Called

him

soft

names

in

many

a

musedrhyme,To

take

into

the

air

my

quiet

breath;Now

more

than

ever

seems

it

rich

to

die,To

cease

upon

the

midnight

with

no

pain,In

such

an

ecstasy!Still

wouldst

thou

sing,

and

I

have

ears

invain

--To

thy

high

requiem

become

a

sod.第六節(jié)我在黑暗中傾聽你的歌聲，我多次想到死亡，他可以給人安寧。我在詩歌里親昵地向他呼喚，求他把我的生命化為青煙?，F(xiàn)在我越發(fā)感到死亡的富麗，想在午夜安然地與世別離，While

thou

art

pouring

forth

thy

soul

abroad

但此刻你卻以如此的狂喜傾吐著你的胸臆，你將永遠(yuǎn)歌唱不息，我死了就不會再聽見你——你將唱給一堆草泥。第七節(jié)Thou

wast

not

born

for

death,

immortalBird!No

hungry

generations

treadthee

down;The

voice

I

hear

this

passing

night

easheardIn

ancient

days

by

emperor

and

clown:Perhaps

the

self-same

song

that

found

apathThrough

the

sad

heart

of

Ruth,

when,

sickfor

home,She

stood

in

tears

amid

the

alien

corn;The

same

that

oft-times

hathCharm’d

magic

casement,

opening

onthe

foam第七節(jié)永生的靈鳥！你不會死掉，貪饞的時間不能把你踩倒。我今晚聽到的聲音，也曾為古代的帝王和庶民喜聽樂聞；這同樣的歌聲也許增添過露絲的鄉(xiāng)愁，使她站在異邦的谷田里熱淚直流，這歌聲還常把神異的古堡迷住，迷住被幽禁在里面的年輕公主，她佇立窗旁，凝視著大海的驚濤駭浪，Of

perilous

seas,in

faery

lands

forlorn.孤寂的仙境使她悶得心慌。第八節(jié)Forlorn!

the

very

word

is

like

a

bellTo

toll

me

back

from

thee

to

my

sole

self!Adieu!

the

fancy

cannot

cheat

so

wellAs

she

is

famed

to

do,

deceiving

elf.Adieu!

adieu!

thy

plaintive

anthem

fadesPast

the

near

meadows,

over

the

stillstream,In

the

next

valley-glades:Was

is

a

vision,

or

a

waking

dream?Fled

is

that

music

--

Do

I

wake

or

sleep?第八節(jié)孤寂！這個詞兒好似一聲鐘響，使我又回到我獨(dú)自站立的地方。別了！幻想這個妖精雖能把人欺騙，但并不像盛傳的那樣靈驗。別了！別了！你如泣如訴的歌聲逐漸飛逝，越過附近的草地，越過平靜的小溪，越Up

the

hill-side;and

now

'tis

buried

deep

過山坡；這個時候它又隱沒在另一個山溝。這是幻覺，還是夢？歌聲遠(yuǎn)了——我是在睡，還是醒？In“Ode

to

a

Nightingale,”thenightingale’s

song

symbolizes

thebeauty

of

nature

and

art.Keats

wasfascinated

by

the

differencebetween

life

and

art:Human

beingsdie,but

the

art

they

make

lives

on.The

speaker

in

the

poem

triesrepeatedly

to

use

his

imagination

togo

with

the

bird’s

song,but

eachtime

he

fails

to

completely

forgethimself.In

the

sixth

stanza（段）he

suddenly

remembers

what

deathmeans,and

the

thought

of

itfrightens

him

back

to

earth

and

hisown

humanityEndymion《恩底彌翁》A

thing

of

beauty

is

a

joy

for

ever:Its

loveliness

increases;

it

will

neverPass

into

nothingness;

but

still

will

keepA

bower

quiet

for

us,

and

a

sleepFull

of

sweet

dreams,

and

health,

and

quietbreathing.Therefore,

on

every

morrow,

are

wewreathingA

flowery

band

to

bind

us

to

the

earth,Spite

of

despondence,

of

the

inhumandearthOf

noble

natures,

of

the

gloomy

days,Of

all

the

unhealthy

and

o’er-darkenedwaysMade

for

our

searching:

yes,

in

spite

of

all,Some

shape

of

beauty

moves

away

thepallFrom

our

dark

spirits.凡美的事物就是永恒的喜悅:它的美與日俱增:它永不湮滅,它永不消亡;它永遠(yuǎn)為我們保留著一處幽亭,讓我們安眠,充滿了美夢、健康和寧靜的呼吸。這樣子,每個翌日的清晨,我們編織絢麗的彩帶,把自己跟塵世系牢,不管失望沮喪,也不管無情的人缺少高貴的天性,不管愁苦的歲月,不管我們在求索過程中那滿是危險晦暗的道路:是的,拋開那一切,某種形式的美總會揭去籠罩在我們心靈上的黑幕。Such

the

sun,

the

moon,Trees

old

and

young,

sprouting

ashady

boonFor

simple

sheep;

and

such

aredaffodilsWith

the

green

world

they

live

in;

andclear

rillsThat

for

themselves

a

cooling

covertmake’Gainst

the

hot

season;

the

mid-forest

brake,Rich

with

a

sprinkling

of

fair

musk-rose

blooms:And

such

too

is

the

grandeur

of

thedoomsWe

have

imagined

for

the

mightydead;All

lovely

tales

that

we

have

heard

orread:An

endless

fountain

of

immortal

drink,Pouring

unto

us

from

the

heaven’sbrink.看那太陽、月亮,還有為天真的羊群長出遮蔭涼棚的古木幼樹;又如水仙和它們生活其間的綠茵世界;還有清溪為自己造好涼蔭以御炎季;林中灌木,滿灑著麝香薔薇小花:還有我們想象偉大的古人其命運(yùn)的壯麗;

我們所聽到或讀到的一切美妙的故事:這都構(gòu)成無盡的不朽仙泉,從天際注入我們的心田。Endymion

was

a

poem

based

on

the

Greek

myth

of

Endymion

&

the

moon

goddess.

Inthis

poem,

Keats

described

his

imaginationin

an

enchanted

atmosphere-a

lovelymoon-lit

world

where

human

love

&

idealbeauty

were

merged

into

one.

Endymionmarked

a

transitional

phase

in

Keats'spoetry,

though

he

himself

was

not

satisfiedwith

it.Ode

on

a

Grecian

Urn希臘古甕頌Ode

on

a

Grecian

Urn--by

John

Keats1.THOU

still

unravish'd

bride

of

quietness,Thou

foster-child

of

silence

and

slow

time,Sylvan

historian,

who

canst

thus

expressA

flowery

tale

more

sweetly

than

our

rhyme:What

leaf-fring'd

legend

haunts

about

thyshapeOf

deities

or

mortals,

or

of

both,In

Tempe

or

the

dales

of

Arcady?What

men

or

godsare

these?

Whatmaidens

loth?What

mad

pursuit?

What

struggle

toescape?What

pipes

and

timbrels?

What

wildecstasy?你委身“寂靜”的、完美的處子，受過了“沉默”和“悠久”的撫育，呵，田園的史家，你竟能鋪敘一個如花的故事，比詩還瑰麗：在你的形體上，豈非繚繞著古老的傳說，以綠葉為其邊緣；講著人，或神，敦陂或阿卡狄？呵，是怎樣的人，或神！在舞樂前多熱烈的追求！少女怎樣地逃躲！怎樣的風(fēng)笛和鼓謠！怎樣的狂喜！希臘古甕頌2.Heard

melodies

are

sweet,

but

thoseunheardAre

sweeter;

therefore,

ye

soft

pipes,play

on;Not

to

the

sensual

ear,

but,

moreendear'd,Pipe

to

the

spirit

ditties

of

no

tone:Fair

youth,

beneath

the

trees,

thoucanst

not

leaveThy

song,

nor

ever

can

those

treesbe

bare;Bold

Lover,

never,

never

canst

thoukiss,Though

winning

near

the

goal—yet,do

not

grieve;She

cannot

fade,

though

thou

hastnot

thy

bliss,For

ever

wilt

thou

love,

and

she

befair!聽見的樂聲雖好，但若聽不見卻更美；所以，吹吧，柔情的風(fēng)笛；不是奏給耳朵聽，而是更甜，它給靈魂奏出無聲的樂曲；

樹下的美少年呵，你無法中斷你的歌，那樹木也落不了葉子；魯莽的戀人，你永遠(yuǎn)、永遠(yuǎn)吻不上，雖然夠接近了－－但不必心酸；她不會老，雖然你不能如愿以償，你將永遠(yuǎn)愛下去，她也永遠(yuǎn)秀麗！3.Ah,

happy,

happy

boughs!

thatcannot

shedYour

leaves,

nor

ever

bid

theSpring

adieu;And,

happy

melodist,

unwearied,For

ever

piping

songs

for

evernew;More

happy

love!

more

happy,happy

love!For

ever

warm

and

still

to

beenjoy'd,For

ever

panting,

and

for

everyoung;All

breathing

human

passion

farabove,That

leaves

a

heart

high-sorrowful

and

cloy'd,A

burning

forehead,

and

aparching

tongue.呵，幸福的樹木！你的枝葉不會剝落，從不曾離開春天；幸福的吹笛人也不會停歇，他的歌曲永遠(yuǎn)是那么新鮮；呵，更為幸福的、幸福的愛！永遠(yuǎn)熱烈，正等待情人宴饗，永遠(yuǎn)熱情地心跳，永遠(yuǎn)年輕；幸福的是這一切超凡的情態(tài)：它不會使心靈饜足和悲傷，沒有熾熱的頭腦，焦渴的嘴唇。4.Who

are

these

coming

to

thesacrifice?To

what

green

altar,

Omysterious

priest,Lead'st

thou

that

heifer

lowingat

the

skies,And

all

her

silken

flanks

withgarlands

drest?What

little

town

by

river

or

seashore,Or

mountain-built

with

peacefulcitadel,Is

emptied

of

this

folk,

thispious

morn?And,

little

town,

thy

streets

forevermoreWill

silent

be;

and

not

a

soul

totellWhy

thou

art

desolate,

can

e'erreturn.這些人是誰呵，都去趕祭祀？這作犧牲的小牛，對天鳴叫，你要牽它到哪兒，神秘的祭司？花環(huán)綴滿著它光滑的身腰。是從哪個傍河傍海的小鎮(zhèn)，或哪個靜靜的堡寨山村，來了這些人，在這敬神的清

？呵，小鎮(zhèn)，你的街道永遠(yuǎn)恬靜；再也不可能回來一個靈魂告訴人你何以是這么寂寥。5.O

Attic

shape!

Fair

attitude!with

bredeOf

marble

men

and

maidensoverwrought,With

forest

branches

and

thetrodden

weed;Thou,

silent

form,

dost

teaseus

out

of

thoughtAs

doth

eternity:

Cold

Pastoral!When

old

age

shall

thisgeneration

waste,Thou

shalt

remain,

in

midst

ofother

woeThan

ours,

a

friend

to

man,

towhom

thou

say'st,"Beauty

is

truth,

truth

beauty,"—that

is

allYe

know

on

earth,

and

all

yeneed

to

know.哦，希臘的形狀！唯美的觀照！上面綴有石雕的男人和女人，還有林木，和踐踏過的青草；沉默的形體呵，你象是“永恒”使人超越思想：呵，冰冷的牧歌！等暮年使這一世代都凋落，只有你如舊；在另外的一些憂傷中，你會撫慰后人說：“美即是真，真即是美，”這就包括你們所知道、和該知道的一切。This

is

a

sonnet（十四行詩）,which

Keats

wrote

to

hisgirlfriend

Fanny–Brawne.The