目錄Catalog目錄Catalog一、一、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策成為現(xiàn)代國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)新模式 4證證證證證證證證證證 .證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證 5二、二、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的國(guó)際復(fù)興與實(shí)踐 8證證證產(chǎn)業(yè)政策為何在全球再度興起？ .證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 三、三、我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策實(shí)踐 16證證證證證證證證證證證證證 6證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 8證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 四、四、路徑選擇：構(gòu)建適應(yīng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 21證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示 24證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 20證證70證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2025證證證證證證證證證證證·證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證·證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 產(chǎn)業(yè)正在成為現(xiàn)代國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的新模式 。證證證證證證證證2026-證證證證證證證證證證證證證證產(chǎn)業(yè)政策本質(zhì)上體現(xiàn)為政府與市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 五年規(guī)劃是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策制度化體現(xiàn)。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 產(chǎn)業(yè)政策是十五五時(shí)期成向向2035年的關(guān)鍵密碼。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證一、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策成為現(xiàn)代國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)新模式證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證一、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策成為現(xiàn)代國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)新模式證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 產(chǎn)業(yè)政策正在成為現(xiàn)代競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的新模式 證證證證2023證證（一）何為產(chǎn)業(yè)政策？證證證證證證證證證證證 1970證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 不管是狹義還是廣義，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策本質(zhì)上體現(xiàn)為政府與市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系。狹義還是廣義，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策本質(zhì)上體現(xiàn)為政府與市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證狹義的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證狹義的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2016證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證廣義的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證OECD證1975證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證Beath證2002證證Robinson證2009證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證Warwick證2013證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2016證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 功能性產(chǎn)業(yè)政策證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 功能性產(chǎn)業(yè)政策證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（二）產(chǎn)業(yè)政策理論基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策有效性是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域永恒的爭(zhēng)論主題。 （二）產(chǎn)業(yè)政策理論基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策有效性是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域永恒的爭(zhēng)論主題。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證一是“市場(chǎng)失靈”理論。 一是“市場(chǎng)失靈”理論。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證·證證證證證證 市場(chǎng)失靈雖然不是政府干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)的充分條件，但這一問(wèn)題的存在卻是政府采取干預(yù)措施以改進(jìn)資源配置的一個(gè)正當(dāng)理由。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證二是“趕超戰(zhàn)略”理論。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證20證證70證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證三是“國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”理論。 三是“國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”理論。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（三）產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，何以重要？1.產(chǎn)業(yè)政策是彌補(bǔ)“市場(chǎng)失靈”的重要工具證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（三）產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，何以重要？1.產(chǎn)業(yè)政策是彌補(bǔ)“市場(chǎng)失靈”的重要工具證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證·證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證產(chǎn)業(yè)政策本質(zhì)在于補(bǔ)充了市場(chǎng)力量，從而增強(qiáng)或抵消現(xiàn)存市場(chǎng)局限將會(huì)產(chǎn)生的資源配置效應(yīng)。產(chǎn)業(yè)政策本質(zhì)在于補(bǔ)充了市場(chǎng)力量，從而增強(qiáng)或抵消現(xiàn)存市場(chǎng)局限將會(huì)產(chǎn)生的資源配置效應(yīng)。20252025證·證證證證證證證證2017證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 2022證證證證證證證證證政府必須扮演雙重角色，為創(chuàng)新的投資者和保險(xiǎn)人。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2.2.產(chǎn)業(yè)政策是實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家趕超的 制勝法寶證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證·證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1791證12證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 ReportonManufactures 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證20證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 KickingAwaytheLadder 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1證1證證證?RayDalioTheBigCyclesOverTheLast500years證證證證證證證3.搶占科技制高點(diǎn)與加速產(chǎn)業(yè)變革證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證3.搶占科技制高點(diǎn)與加速產(chǎn)業(yè)變革證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 DeepSeek 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化關(guān)鍵在于科技現(xiàn)代化。 中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化關(guān)鍵在于科技現(xiàn)代化。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證U證證證M證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證M證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證中國(guó)新能源汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策成功的典范。中國(guó)新能源汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策成功的典范。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 2020證證證證證證證證證20242024證證證證證證證證證證證 1316.8證證證證2020證證證證8證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證40.040.0證證2證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證140050.0120045.0100035.080030.0140050.0120045.0100035.080030.025.025.0600 20.060020.040015.040015.010.010.0200 5.02005.0201620172018201920202021202220232024證證證證證證證證證證201620172018201920202021202220232024證證證證證證證證證證證證證0.0二、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的國(guó)際復(fù)興與實(shí)踐證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證二、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的國(guó)際復(fù)興與實(shí)踐證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（一）產(chǎn)業(yè)政策為何在全球再度興起？證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（一）產(chǎn)業(yè)政策為何在全球再度興起？證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證20證證30證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證20證證90證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 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355001050,000352010201220142016201820202022證證證證證Juhász2024證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證0300304519851988199119941997200020032010201220142016201820202022證證證證證Juhász2024證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證0300304519851988199119941997200020032006200920122015201820212024其一，地緣政治環(huán)境等因素導(dǎo)致全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加，各經(jīng)濟(jì)體關(guān)注提升區(qū)域內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)能其一，地緣政治環(huán)境等因素導(dǎo)致全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加，各經(jīng)濟(jì)體關(guān)注提升區(qū)域內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)能力及韌性。力及韌性。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證50.4證證60.7證2024證證證證證證證證 56.5證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證50.4證證60.7證2024證證證證證證證證 56.5證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證 其三，AI等科技產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激化，亟需產(chǎn)業(yè)政策精準(zhǔn)扶持。AI證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（二）本輪產(chǎn)業(yè)政策復(fù)興的三大特征1.從實(shí)施主體來(lái)看，高收入發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的產(chǎn)業(yè)干預(yù)力度顯著提高證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（二）本輪產(chǎn)業(yè)政策復(fù)興的三大特征1.從實(shí)施主體來(lái)看，高收入發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的產(chǎn)業(yè)干預(yù)力度顯著提高證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 2024證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證Juhá證2024證證2010證證證證證證證證 GDP證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證217證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證 OECD 證證證證證證證證證證02000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000證證證證證02000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000證證證證證Juhász證證2024證證證證證證證證證02000400060008000100001200014000證證證證證Juhász證證2024證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2018證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證 70證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2024證證證證21證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 18證證5證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證7證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證8證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證7證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證8證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證252015102024證證證證證證2024證證證證證證2025證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1008060402020082009201020112012200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證GTA證證證證證證證證(GTA)證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證202592025證證證證證證證證

證證證證GTA 證證證證證證證證證證1(GTA)證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2證證5證證證證GDP證5證證證證GDP證證證證證證證證證證證62010證證證證OECD13514證證證1635證證證證證證證證1246證證證證證證676證證 574證證證證證證 213證證證12712證證證2112證證證1308證證證743證證證證2.從干預(yù)方式來(lái)看，金融工具及財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼使用率較高2.從干預(yù)方式來(lái)看，金融工具及財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼使用率較高證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證 Juhász證證2024證證證證1950證證證1960證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證ISI證證證證證證證Salvatore證1996;Opoku 證Yan證2019證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證9證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證9證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證Juhász證2024證證證證證證證證證證證證證31證證證證 26證證證證證 13證證證證 7證證證證證證證證 7證證證證證證 證證證證證Juhász證2024證證證證證證證證證證證證證31證證證證 26證證證證證 13證證證證 7證證證證證證證證 7證證證證證證 4證證證證 2證證證證證證證證證 2證證證證證證證 2證證證證證證12040證證23證證證證證 13證證證證證證 10證證證證 8證證證證 7證證證證證證證7證證證證證證證 6證證證證 5證證證證證證證 3證證證證證證 2102030證證證證證證證24證證證證證證 16證證證證 11證證證證證證證8證證證證 6證證證證證 5證證證證 3證證證證證證證 3證證證證證證證 2證證證證證證 2102030證證證證證證證證證證11證證證證證證2019證2022證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證GDP證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證GDP證證證證證2019證證1.40證證證2022證證證證證證41證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證 GDP證證證0.73證證證0.80證證證證證證20證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 GDP 證證證證證0.9證0.6證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證 GDP證證證證證0.58證證證11GDP證證證證證10證證證證證證證證證證證證10證證證證證證證證證證證2500證證證證 證證證證證證183782301121383855168502017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證733832711391142715997219117511748437403證證證證 證證 證證 證證 證證證證20001.5150020001.515001100010000.50.55005000 證證證證證OECD證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證0.10.20.30.40.10.20.30.43.從目標(biāo)產(chǎn)業(yè)來(lái)看，綠色轉(zhuǎn)型與科技創(chuàng)新等領(lǐng)域的重要性提升3.從目標(biāo)產(chǎn)業(yè)來(lái)看，綠色轉(zhuǎn)型與科技創(chuàng)新等領(lǐng)域的重要性提升證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證OECD 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1證證證證證證證證證證證2證證證證證證證證證證證證證4證證證證證證證證證R&D證證證證證證證證證證GDP證證證2019證證0.25證證2022證證0.28證證證證證證證證證證證 GDP證證證證證證0.23證證0.28證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 13證證證證證證證證證證證證證 96證證證證證證證證證證證證12證12證2019證2022證證證證證證證證證證證證0.52019 20220證13證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證OECD證證證證證OECD證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證GDP證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證13證證證證證證證證證證26證證證證證證證證證證證96證（三）從國(guó)際視角看產(chǎn)業(yè)政策演進(jìn)規(guī)律證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（三）從國(guó)際視角看產(chǎn)業(yè)政策演進(jìn)規(guī)律證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證Funke證證Strulik2000證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證GDP證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1.1.美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策導(dǎo)向歷經(jīng)制造業(yè) 崛起、貿(mào)易自由化、制造業(yè)回流三大階段美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的演進(jìn)過(guò)程可大致劃分為三個(gè)階段：第一階段是建國(guó)初期的保護(hù)性產(chǎn)業(yè)政策階段。17761776證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1789證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證81證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 1828證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證61.7證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證70證證證證證證證70證證證證證證證證601828證1932證證證證證證1930證50證證證證1934證40證證證證證30201947證證證證證證證2025證證證證證證證證證101861證1913證0證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證18211827183318391845185118571863186918751881188718931899190519111917192319291935194119471953195919651971197719831989199520012007201320192025證證14證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證USITC證證證證證證證證證證第二階段是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后重點(diǎn)扶持科技產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策階段。第二階段是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后重點(diǎn)扶持科技產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策階段。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證近年來(lái)，美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策進(jìn)入第三階段，側(cè)重保護(hù)性、歧視性政策措施以推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)回流、維護(hù)科近年來(lái)，美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策進(jìn)入第三階段，側(cè)重保護(hù)性、歧視性政策措施以推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)回流、維護(hù)科證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 另一方面，通過(guò)AIAI產(chǎn)業(yè)激勵(lì)措施，維持美國(guó)在關(guān)鍵行業(yè)的技術(shù)主導(dǎo)地位。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證AI證證證證證AI證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的變更邏輯為我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃提供了重要借鑒：第一，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策為早期工業(yè)體系建美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的變更邏輯為我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃提供了重要借鑒：第一，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策為早期工業(yè)體系建立提供重要助力。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 第三，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)節(jié)是培育尖端科技企業(yè)的關(guān)鍵路徑。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 第二，去工業(yè)化趨勢(shì)會(huì)降低國(guó)內(nèi)供應(yīng)鏈抗風(fēng)能力。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 第三，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)節(jié)是培育尖端科技企業(yè)的關(guān)鍵路徑。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2020.01證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2021.02證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證6證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2022.01證證證2570證證證證證證證證證證證證520450證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1600證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2022.08證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證4300證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2022.08證證證證證證證證證證證527證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2024.08證證證證證證證2024證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證AI證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證AI證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證AI證證證證證2025.07AI證證證AI證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2.巴西產(chǎn)業(yè)政策導(dǎo)向從“去工業(yè)化”到“再工業(yè)化”證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2.巴西產(chǎn)業(yè)政策導(dǎo)向從“去工業(yè)化”到“再工業(yè)化”證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證上世紀(jì)90年代以前，巴西通過(guò)進(jìn)口替代的發(fā)展模式實(shí)現(xiàn)了初步“工業(yè)化”。上世紀(jì)90年代以前，巴西通過(guò)進(jìn)口替代的發(fā)展模式實(shí)現(xiàn)了初步“工業(yè)化”。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證19501965證證1974證證證證GDP證證證證證證證證證 6.410.0證6.1證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1982證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證90年代后，巴西政府遵循“華盛頓共識(shí)”進(jìn)入“去工業(yè)化”進(jìn)程。90年代后，巴西政府遵循“華盛頓共識(shí)”進(jìn)入“去工業(yè)化”進(jìn)程。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證 1997證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1998證證證證證證證 證證證證證證 1986證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 1999證證證證證證證證證證證證證GDPGDP證4證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證近年來(lái)，巴西加大產(chǎn)業(yè)干預(yù)力度，旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)“再工業(yè)化”。近年來(lái)，巴西加大產(chǎn)業(yè)干預(yù)力度，旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)“再工業(yè)化”。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2024證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 10證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證巴西產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的實(shí)踐為我們提供了以下重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示：第一，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策需以本國(guó)發(fā)展實(shí)際與需巴西產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的實(shí)踐為我們提供了以下重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示：第一，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策需以本國(guó)發(fā)展實(shí)際與需要為根本導(dǎo)向。要為根本導(dǎo)向。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1960196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020202419971999200120032005200720092011201320152017201920212023202519601964196819721976198019841988199219962000200420082012201620202024199719992001200320052007200920112013201520172019202120232025證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 第二，需穩(wěn)慎推進(jìn)金融開(kāi)放進(jìn)程。 證證證證證證證證證證證證 IMF證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證1070證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證6050403020100證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證15證15GDP證證證證證證證16證5050404030302020證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證3.日本產(chǎn)業(yè)政策從側(cè)重關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)業(yè)扶持向推動(dòng)國(guó)際布局過(guò)渡證證3.日本產(chǎn)業(yè)政策從側(cè)重關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)業(yè)扶持向推動(dòng)國(guó)際布局過(guò)渡證證20證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證20世紀(jì)中葉，日本產(chǎn)業(yè)政策重心從扶持基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域向培育科技產(chǎn)業(yè)過(guò)渡。20世紀(jì)中葉，日本產(chǎn)業(yè)政策重心從扶持基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域向培育科技產(chǎn)業(yè)過(guò)渡。50證60證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證70證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1984證證證證證GDP證證證證證證 13.3證2020世紀(jì)末，日本轉(zhuǎn)向國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)布局模式。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 1985證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1990證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 1994證證證證GDP證證證證8證2090證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證515204080100197019731976197919821985198819911994199720002003200620092012201551520408010019701973197619791982198519881991199419972000200320062009201220152018202119551960196519701975198019851990199520002005201020152020日本產(chǎn)業(yè)政策演變提供關(guān)鍵啟示：第一，需持續(xù)鞏固優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)的領(lǐng)先地位。日本產(chǎn)業(yè)政策演變提供關(guān)鍵啟示：第一，需持續(xù)鞏固優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)的領(lǐng)先地位。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證第二，以企業(yè)出海牽引產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈布局調(diào)整或?yàn)閼?yīng)對(duì)地緣政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及國(guó)內(nèi)需求增長(zhǎng)的重要舉措。的重要舉措。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證453525證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證453525155-5證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證GDP證證證0證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證17證17GDP證證證18證證證證證證證證120206010601000證證證證證證證證證證證證三、我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策實(shí)踐（一）我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策歷史演進(jìn)證證證證證證證證證證2018三、我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策實(shí)踐（一）我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策歷史演進(jìn)證證證證證證證證證證2018證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（1978~1988）。197812證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證20證證80證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 1985證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1986證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1987證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1987證3證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1982證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1984證10證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1987證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1988證證證證證證證第二第二產(chǎn)業(yè)政策初步嘗試期（1989-1993年）證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 1988證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證19891989證3證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證第三，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策發(fā)展期（證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證第三，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策發(fā)展期（1994-2001年）證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1992證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1992證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證1993證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 1994證4證證證證證證證證90證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 90證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證90證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證第四，第四，宏觀調(diào)控的強(qiáng)化與產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的演進(jìn)（ 2002－2012年）。證證證證證證證證證證證2002證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2003證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證其一，總體政策的調(diào)整與行業(yè)政策的強(qiáng)化。 2004證7證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 2005證11證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證其二，十大產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整與振興規(guī)劃推出與實(shí)施。證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 其三，培育和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。證證證證證證2010證9證證2012證7證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證第五，第五，十八大以來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的新發(fā)展期（ 2013至今）。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2012證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 2013證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2025證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2015證證證證證證證證證 2025證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2020證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 2025證10證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證19證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（二）我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策發(fā)展趨勢(shì)一是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策目標(biāo)從單一促進(jìn)發(fā)展趕超向兼顧發(fā)展和安全轉(zhuǎn)變（二）我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策發(fā)展趨勢(shì)一是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策目標(biāo)從單一促進(jìn)發(fā)展趕超向兼顧發(fā)展和安全轉(zhuǎn)變。證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證20142014證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2022證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2023證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證20證證證R證D證證證證證證證證證證證R證20證證證R證D證證證證證證證證證證證R證D證證證證R證D證證證證證證)262218141063.02.82.62.42.22.01.81.61.41.21.0證21證證證證證證證證證40證證證證證3020100200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202419911993199519971999200120032005200720092011201320152017201920212023證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證二是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策支持主體前移，更加強(qiáng)調(diào)支持原始創(chuàng)新二是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策支持主體前移，更加強(qiáng)調(diào)支持原始創(chuàng)新。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2018證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證35證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證7證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 EUV證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證OECD證證證證證證證證證證三三是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策實(shí)施的方法要轉(zhuǎn)型，要 加快向功能性產(chǎn)業(yè)政策轉(zhuǎn)型。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證四是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策組織模式從地方政府“各自為政”向中央政府舉國(guó)體制轉(zhuǎn)變四是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策組織模式從地方政府“各自為政”向中央政府舉國(guó)體制轉(zhuǎn)變。證證證證證證證證GDP 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證22證證證證證證證證證證證證300000 603000006020000040200000401000002010000020證23證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證0201220132014證23證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證02012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024證證證證證證證證證證證證=+證證證證證證證證證（三）“五年規(guī)劃”是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策制度化體現(xiàn)促進(jìn)有效市場(chǎng)和有為政府更好結(jié)合。 （三）“五年規(guī)劃”是產(chǎn)業(yè)政策制度化體現(xiàn)促進(jìn)有效市場(chǎng)和有為政府更好結(jié)合。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證19921992證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 1993證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證 2002證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2012證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證2013證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 2017證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證五年規(guī)劃是有效市場(chǎng)和有為政府更好結(jié)合的重要制度載體。五年規(guī)劃是有效市場(chǎng)和有為政府更好結(jié)合的重要制度載體。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證5G證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 2025證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證24證證證證證證證證證證證證證24證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證四、路徑選擇：構(gòu)建適應(yīng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策證證證證證證證證證證證四、路徑選擇：構(gòu)建適應(yīng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（一）新發(fā)展階段產(chǎn)業(yè)政策優(yōu)化路徑第一，持續(xù)強(qiáng)化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政策的基礎(chǔ)性地位。 （一）新發(fā)展階段產(chǎn)業(yè)政策優(yōu)化路徑第一，持續(xù)強(qiáng)化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政策的基礎(chǔ)性地位。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證第二，加快建設(shè)服務(wù)型政府。 第二，加快建設(shè)服務(wù)型政府。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證第三，完善市場(chǎng)制度與市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。 第三，完善市場(chǎng)制度與市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證第四，構(gòu)建有利于創(chuàng)新技術(shù)擴(kuò)散的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境與創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)。第四，構(gòu)建有利于創(chuàng)新技術(shù)擴(kuò)散的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境與創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)。證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證第五，第五，一體推進(jìn)教育科技人才發(fā)展。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證（二）“十五五”時(shí)期現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系建設(shè)路徑證證證證證證證證證證（二）“十五五”時(shí)期現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系建設(shè)路徑證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證一一是必須保持制造業(yè)合理比重，為中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化提供基礎(chǔ)性、全方位支撐。 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證建立保持制造業(yè)合理比重投入機(jī)制， 證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證證 2025證5證19證證證證證證