2026年法律英語詞匯及語法習題集法律文本翻譯與解讀練習一、詞匯選擇題（共10題，每題2分，合計20分）說明：每題提供四個選項，其中只有一個是最佳答案。1.Thecourtfoundthatthedefendant’sconductconstituted________ofthecontract,therebyentitlingtheplaintifftodamages.A.breachB.violationC.infringementD.contravention(答案：A)2.Underthenewregulations,companiesmustensurecompliancewithenvironmental________,whichincludereducingcarbonemissionsby2030.A.mandatesB.stipulationsC.obligationsD.directives(答案：C)3.Thejudgeruledthattheevidencepresentedwas________,meaningitcouldnotbeusedinthetrial.A.inadmissibleB.irrelevantC.prejudicialD.insufficient(答案：A)4.Thepartiesagreedtoa________settlement,avoidinglengthylitigationandpotentialcourtfees.A.mutualB.bindingC.interimD.equitable(答案：D)5.Theplaintiff’sattorneyarguedthatthedefendant’sactionswere________underthedoctrineofforeseeability.A.negligentB.intentionalC.justifiableD.legal(答案：A)6.Thecontractstipulatesthatanydisputeshallberesolvedthrough________arbitrationinaccordancewiththeUNCITRALModelLaw.A.bindingB.adhocC.institutionalD.mandatory(答案：C)7.Thedefendant’sfailuretoproducethedocumentswasdeemed________,asitobstructedthejudicialprocess.A.contemptuousB.unlawfulC.negligentD.irrelevant(答案：A)8.TheEuropeanUnion’sGDPRimposesstrict________ontheprocessingofpersonaldata.A.restrictionsB.limitationsC.penaltiesD.conditions(答案：C)9.Thecourtorderedthedefendantto________thedamagestotheplaintiff,asperthejudgment.A.compensateB.reimburseC.remunerateD.indemnify(答案：D)10.Theattorney’s________argumentaboutthestatuteoflimitationswascrucialindefendingtheclient’sposition.A.substantiveB.proceduralC.technicalD.jurisdictional(答案：C)二、語法填空題（共10題，每題2分，合計20分）說明：根據(jù)句子語境，選擇正確的詞性或形式填空。1.Thecourt’sdecisionwas________(baseformofverb)byallpartiesinvolved.(答案：based)2.Thedefendant’s________(adjective)behaviorduringthetrialwaswidelycriticizedbythejury.(答案：inappropriate)3.Underthecontract,theselleris________(adverb)obligatedtofulfillthedeliverytermsbyJune.(答案：strictly)4.Theplaintiff’sclaimwas________(adjective)rejectedduetoinsufficientevidence.(答案：unsubstantiated)5.Thejudgeemphasizedthatthelawrequires________(noun)compliancewithproceduralrules.(答案：strict)6.Thedefendant’s________(noun)toproducethedocumentswasdeemedobstructivebythecourt.(答案：refusal)7.Thecourtfoundthattheevidencewas________(adjective)tothecase,asitdirectlycontradictedthedefendant’stestimony.(答案：relevant)8.Thecontractstipulatesthatanydisputeshallberesolvedthrough________(adjective)arbitration.(答案：binding)9.Theattorney’s________(adjective)argumentaboutthestatuteoflimitationswaswell-reasoned.(答案：technical)10.Thedefendant’sactionswere________(adjective)ofnegligence,astheyfailedtoexercisereasonablecare.(答案：amanifestation)三、句子改錯題（共5題，每題3分，合計15分）說明：下列句子中存在語法錯誤，請指出并改正。1.Thecourtruledthatthedefendant’sconductwasnotabreachofcontractbecauseitwasnotintentional.錯誤：應為主動語態(tài)（wasnotintentional→intentionally）改正：Thecourtruledthatthedefendant’sconductwasnotabreachofcontractbecauseitwasintentionally.2.Theplaintiff’sattorneyarguedthattheevidencewasnotadmissiblebecauseitwasirrelevanttothecase.錯誤：應為比較級（irrelevant→moreirrelevant）改正：Theplaintiff’sattorneyarguedthattheevidencewasnotadmissiblebecauseitwasmoreirrelevanttothecase.3.Thedefendantfailedtoproducethedocumentsasrequiredbythecourt,whichwasaviolationoftherulesofprocedure.錯誤：應為被動語態(tài)（was→were）改正：Thedefendantfailedtoproducethedocumentsasrequiredbythecourt,whichwereaviolationoftherulesofprocedure.4.Thecourtfoundthattheevidencewasnotsufficienttoprovethedefendant’sguiltbeyondareasonabledoubt.錯誤：應為否定結(jié)構(gòu)（not→insufficient）改正：Thecourtfoundthattheevidencewasinsufficienttoprovethedefendant’sguiltbeyondareasonabledoubt.5.ThecontractstipulatesthatanydisputeshallberesolvedthroughbindingarbitrationinaccordancewiththeUNCITRALModelLaw.錯誤：無需改正四、翻譯題（共5題，每題4分，合計20分）說明：將以下中文句子翻譯成法律英語。1.若被告未能按時履行合同，則需支付違約金。答案：Ifthedefendantfailstoperformthecontractontime,itshallpayliquidateddamages.2.根據(jù)我國《民法典》的規(guī)定，合同雙方必須誠實守信。答案：InaccordancewiththeCivilCodeofChina,bothpartiestothecontractmustactingoodfaith.3.原告的律師主張，被告的行為構(gòu)成誹謗，應承擔法律責任。答案：Theplaintiff’sattorneyarguedthatthedefendant’sactionsconstituteddefamationandshouldbearlegalliability.4.仲裁庭的裁決具有終局性，雙方均不得向法院提起訴訟。答案：Thearbitralawardisfinalandbinding,andneitherpartyshallbringalawsuitincourt.5.根據(jù)國際公約，跨國公司必須遵守當?shù)氐沫h(huán)境保護法規(guī)。答案：Underinternationalconventions,multinationalcorporationsmustcomplywithlocalenvironmentalprotectionregulations.五、閱讀理解題（共5題，每題4分，合計20分）說明：閱讀以下法律文本片段，回答問題。Text:"Thecourtfoundthatthedefendant’sfailuretodeliverthegoodsasstipulatedinthecontractconstitutedabreachofcontract.Theplaintiffwasentitledtodamagesundertheprincipleofmitigationofdamages.Thedefendantarguedthatthedelaywasduetounforeseencircumstances,butthecourtruledthatithadnottakenreasonablemeasurestomitigateitslosses.Accordingly,thedefendantwasorderedtocompensatetheplaintiffforthelostprofits."1.Whatwasthemainreasonforthecourt’sdecision?答案：Thedefendant’sfailuretodeliverthegoodsasstipulatedinthecontract.2.Underwhatprinciplewastheplaintiffentitledtodamages?答案：Theprincipleofmitigationofdamages.3.Whatargumentdidthedefendantmake?答案：Thedefendantarguedthatthedelaywasduetounforeseencircumstances.4.Didthecourtacceptthedefendant’sargument?答案：No,thecourtruledthatthedefendanthadnottakenreasonablemeasurestomitigateitslosses.5.Whatwastheoutcomeofthecase?答案：Thedefendantwasorderedtocompensatetheplaintiffforthelostprofits.答案與解析一、詞匯選擇題1.A(breach：違反合同，最符合語境)2.C(obligations：義務，符合法規(guī)要求)3.A(inadmissible：不可采納，符合證據(jù)規(guī)則)4.D(equitable：公平的，符合和解協(xié)議的性質(zhì))5.A(negligent：疏忽的，符合侵權(quán)責任)6.C(institutional：機構(gòu)的，指特定仲裁機構(gòu))7.A(contemptuous：蔑視的，符合妨礙司法行為)8.C(penalties：處罰，符合GDPR的制裁措施)9.D(indemnify：賠償，符合判決要求)10.C(technical：技術(shù)的，指法律術(shù)語的爭議)二、語法填空題1.based2.inappropriate3.strictly4.unsubstantiated5.strict6.refusal7.relevant8.binding9.technical10.amanifestation三、句子改錯題1.錯誤：wasnotintentional→改正：intentionally2.錯誤：irrelevant→改正：moreirrelevant3.錯誤：was→改正：were4.錯誤：not→改正：insufficient5.無需改正四、翻譯題1.Ifthedefendantfailstoperformthecontractontime,itshallpayliquidateddamages.2.InaccordancewiththeCivilCodeofChina,bothpartiestothecontractmustactingood