國內(nèi)外合成雙氧水研究現(xiàn)狀文獻綜述1. 電解法電解法是20世紀前半期的主要合成方法ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"fQjnExYH","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[14]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[14]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":108,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/YCYZ2SHD"],"itemData":{"id":108,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"簡要概述過氧化氫的應用領域及主要生產(chǎn)方法,著重論述蒽醌法的工藝技術及改進措施。","container-title":"化工技術與開發(fā)","issue":"3","page":"32-35","source":"","title":"過氧化氫的應用領域與主要生產(chǎn)方法","volume":"40","author":[{"family":"陳迪航","given":""},{"family":"李綿慶","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[14]，具體是用Pt作為陽極,石墨或者鉛作為陰極,將飽和硫酸氫銨電解為過硫酸銨,再用H2SO4的稀溶液水解得到雙氧水。但是這個方法效率低，且成本高具有局限性。主要反應流程如下：由硫酸鹽在Pt電極上電解氧化生成過硫酸鹽：2HSO再經(jīng)水解生成H2O2：H氧陰極還原法用氧陰極還原法生產(chǎn)H2O2是將強堿性電解質于電解槽中,使空氣中的氧在陰極還原成過羥基負離子,然后在回收裝置中轉變?yōu)镠2O2ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"J2PUAIw7","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[15]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[15]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":109,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/88HULA5J"],"itemData":{"id":109,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Electro-Fentonprocessrepresentsanattractiveandeffectivetechnologyindestroyinghazardousandorganicpollutants.However,thelowH2O2product…","container-title":"ElectrochimicaActa","DOI":"10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.194","ISSN":"0013-4686","language":"en","note":"publisher:Pergamon","page":"486-493","source":"","title":"Electrochemicaldegradationofphenolbyinsituelectro-generatedandelectro-activatedhydrogenperoxideusinganimprovedgasdiffusioncathode","volume":"186","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",12,20]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[15],其過程是通過鈣鹽沉淀作用,生成Ca2O2,經(jīng)過濾以及分解,用CO2分解制得H2O2,然后產(chǎn)生的CaCO3還可以重復利用。該法生產(chǎn)H2O2雖然成本不高且無污染，但是產(chǎn)品中雙氧水濃度低，不適合大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)使用。效益并不高，漸漸被取代。醇氧化法這個方法是Shell和DuPont公司研發(fā)提出的,美國和前蘇聯(lián)以異丙醇為原料建有工業(yè)生產(chǎn)裝置ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"xyNRiUih","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[16]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[16]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/J3FJM5MH"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"thesis","abstract":"過氧化氫(H2O2)是一種綠色氧化劑,廣泛應用在紡織、醫(yī)藥與環(huán)境凈化等諸多領域。目前H2O2工業(yè)生產(chǎn)工藝復雜、成本高、污染嚴重。氫氧(H2+O2)直接法合成H2O2過程簡單,副產(chǎn)物只有水,是一種綠色的合成方法。本文制備了Au@SiO2納米籠與吡啶改性鈀(Pd)納米催化劑,通過TEM、XPS、DRIFTS等表征手段研究了其在H2O2直接合成中的構效關系,系統(tǒng)考察了催化劑用量、氣體比例、攪拌速率、溫度、H2O2降解與分解等因素對H2O2直接合成的影響。在此基礎上,本文進一步研究了吡啶改性Pd納米催化劑用于直接合成H2O2的反應動力學。","genre":"碩士","language":"中文;","publisher":"華東理工大學","source":"CNKI","title":"H_2+O_2直接法催化合成H_2O_2催化劑研究","URL":"/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFD2012&filename=1012309090.nh&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=eNFGDsztb4g2q62rF9kk0fS6fpEaPF4raGkm7vnfqdhrPa9SV_prOf-YFDUDTR9y","author":[{"family":"宋","given":"倩倩"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2022",3,30]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[16]。該法所用醇,除了異丙醇外,還有環(huán)己醇,1-苯基乙醇等,但多采用異丙醇,同時會生成丙酮。用這個方法制H2O2可以不使用任何催化劑,在空氣中直接氧化生成H2O2,但蒸汽成本大,丙酮不容易除去ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"eqCQcO2u","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[17]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[17]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":66,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/P9MGZPUU"],"itemData":{"id":66,"type":"thesis","abstract":"H_2、O_2在催化劑作用下直接合成H_2O_2具有工藝簡單、生產(chǎn)成本低、環(huán)境友好等優(yōu)點,近年來得到廣泛的研究。目前,Pd基催化劑是公認直接合成H_2O_2效果最好的催化劑,但是,常規(guī)Pd基催化劑活性組分Pd粒徑較大,提供活性表面較少導致較低的H_2O_2選擇性和產(chǎn)率。為了減小活性組分Pd納米粒子粒徑,提高其活性表面,論文采用電負性較弱非貴金屬M(Co、Ni、Cu,其電負性均為1.9)為助劑加入到Pd(電負性為2.2)中,一方面基于電子轉移理論,非貴金屬上的電子轉移到Pd上,改變Pd的電子結構,提高Pd表面電子云密度,使得Pd表面可能不僅以Pd~0的形式存在,還以Pd~(2+)形式存在,從而增...","genre":"碩士","language":"中文;","note":"DOI:10.27047/ki.ggudu.2020.000124","publisher":"貴州大學","source":"CNKI","title":"催化劑Pd-M@N（M=Co、Ni、Cu）的制備、表征及合成H_2O_2催化性能的研究","URL":"/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFD202101&filename=1020340261.nh&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=Bf7tSAbkzf_w0OWFa2JTZVMoERRNxcE7tZwX0X50vjbhOkbdebinvJXwdUmf-59q","author":[{"family":"王","given":"耀丹"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2022",3,30]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[17]。以異丙醇為例反應方程式如下：CH氫氧直接化合法這個方法以水為反應介質,幾乎不含有機物,僅含有少量溴化物作為助催化劑,用Pt（如Pt/C）作為催化劑,以H2和O2（或空氣）為原料,在反應溫度為0-25℃,壓力為2.9-19.3Mpa的條件下,連續(xù)反應合成H2O2ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"nWUmjd6T","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[18]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[18]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":113,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/BGPSDUMK"],"itemData":{"id":113,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Futuregenerationsrequiremoreefficientandlocalizedprocessesforenergyconversionandchemicalsynthesis.Thecontinuouson-siteproductionofhydrogenperoxidewouldprovideanattractivealternativetothepresentstate-of-the-art,whichisbasedonthecomplexanthraquinoneprocess.Theelectrochemicalreductionofoxygentohydrogenperoxideisaparticularlypromisingmeansofachievingthisaim.However,itwouldrequireactive,selectiveandstablematerialstocatalysethereaction.Althoughprogresshasbeenmadeinthisrespect,furtherimprovementsthroughthedevelopmentofnewelectrocatalystsareneeded.Usingdensityfunctionaltheorycalculations,weidentifyPt–Hgasapromisingcandidate.ElectrochemicalmeasurementsonPt–Hgnanoparticlesshowmorethananorderofmagnitudeimprovementinmassactivity,thatis,A?g?1preciousmetal,forH2O2production,overthebestperformingcatalystsintheliterature.","container-title":"NatureMaterials","DOI":"10.1038/nmat3795","ISSN":"1476-4660","issue":"12","journalAbbreviation":"NatureMater","language":"en","note":"number:12\npublisher:NaturePublishingGroup","page":"1137-1143","source":"","title":"EnablingdirectH2O2productionthroughrationalelectrocatalystdesign","volume":"12","author":[{"family":"Siahrostami","given":"Samira"},{"family":"Verdaguer-Casadevall","given":"Arnau"},{"family":"Karamad","given":"Mohammadreza"},{"family":"Deiana","given":"Davide"},{"family":"Malacrida","given":"Paolo"},{"family":"Wickman","given":"Bj?rn"},{"family":"Escudero-Escribano","given":"María"},{"family":"Paoli","given":"ElisaA."},{"family":"Frydendal","given":"Rasmus"},{"family":"Hansen","given":"ThomasW."},{"family":"Chorkendorff","given":"Ib"},{"family":"Stephens","given":"IfanE.L."},{"family":"Rossmeisl","given":"Jan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",12]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[18]。這個方法原子利用率很高且不產(chǎn)生其他有機廢料,但產(chǎn)物中對雙氧水的選擇性低,危險性也高,還不能很好用于工業(yè)化生產(chǎn),但發(fā)展?jié)摿薮驛DDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"E2oV3TZs","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[19]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[19]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":111,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/B5XYNHS5"],"itemData":{"id":111,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"DirectsynthesisofH2O2acidsolutionswasstudiedusingagas-diffusioncathodepreparedfromactivatedcarbon(AC),vapor-growing-carbon-fiber(VGCF)andpoly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene(PTFE)powders,withanewH2/O2fuelcellreactor.O2reductiontoH2O2wasremarkablyenhancedatthethree-phaseboundary(O2(g)–electrode(s)–acid(l))atthe[AC+VGCF]cathode.FastdiffusionprocessesofO2totheactivesurfaceandofH2O2tothebulkacidsolutionswereessentialforH2O2accumulation.SynergyofACandVGCFwasobservedfortheH2O2formation.RRDEandcyclicvoltammetrystudiesindicatedthatthesurfaceofACfunctionedastheactivephaseforO2reductiontoHO2,andVGCFfunctionedasanelectronconductorandapromotertoconvertHO2toH2O2.AmaximumH2O2concentrationof353mM(1.2wt%)wasaccomplishedundershort-circuitconditions(currentdensity12.7mAcm?2,currentefficiency40.1%,geometricareaofcathode1.3cm2,reactiontime6h).","container-title":"ElectrochimicaActa","DOI":"10.1016/j.electacta.2008.02.009","ISSN":"0013-4686","issue":"14","journalAbbreviation":"ElectrochimicaActa","language":"en","page":"4824-4832","source":"ScienceDirect","title":"DirectsynthesisofH2O2acidsolutionsoncarboncathodepreparedfromactivatedcarbonandvapor-growing-carbon-fiberbyaH2/O2fuelcell","volume":"53","author":[{"family":"Yamanaka","given":"Ichiro"},{"family":"Hashimoto","given":"Toshikazu"},{"family":"Ichihashi","given":"Ryo"},{"family":"Otsuka","given":"Kiyoshi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2008",5,30]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[19]。此方案有著很高的研究價值，主要反應途徑如圖1.2。圖1.2由氫和氧直接形成過氧化氫有關的反應途徑ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"iH1nqrSg","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[20]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[20]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":309,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/SIRGYRE8"],"itemData":{"id":309,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"CatalysisSurveysfromAsia","DOI":"10.1007/s10563-016-9221-y","ISSN":"1571-1013,1574-9266","issue":"1","journalAbbreviation":"CatalSurvAsia","language":"en","page":"1-12","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"DirectSynthesisofHydrogenPeroxidefromHydrogenandOxygenUsingTailoredPdNanocatalysts:AReviewofRecentFindings","title-short":"DirectSynthesisofHydrogenPeroxidefromHydrogenandOxygenUsingTailoredPdNanocatalysts","volume":"21","author":[{"family":"Seo","given":"Myung-gi"},{"family":"Kim","given":"HoJoong"},{"family":"Han","given":"SangSoo"},{"family":"Lee","given":"Kwan-Young"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",3]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[20]。蒽醌法 蒽醌法是以蒽醌類化合物作為氫載體（或工作載體）,使氫和氧反應生成雙氧水（圖1.3）。其產(chǎn)量占絕對優(yōu)勢,是目前H2O2的主要合成方法ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"OZix6osR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[21]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[21]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":167,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/9W8SWRZA"],"itemData":{"id":167,"type":"thesis","abstract":"過氧化氫是工業(yè)上十分重要的工業(yè)原料以及化學試劑,在醫(yī)療、食品、化學等多個領域發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過氧化氫的方法主要分為蒽醌法、電解法、異丙醇法,目前主要以蒽醌法為主要生產(chǎn)方法。但是過氧化氫存在不宜儲藏、難運輸?shù)热秉c,增加了過氧化氫的應用成本,所以實驗中采取氧陰極還原法原位制過氧化氫,解決了不宜儲藏、難運輸?shù)娜秉c,直接應用于污水處理等方面。原位制過氧化氫在電解時陽極與陰極分別發(fā)生析氧反應（OER）與氧還原反應（ORR）,通過制備高效的OER與ORR催化劑,將制備的催化劑應用到原位制過氧化氫裝置中,提高過氧化氫產(chǎn)率。本論文研究了鎳、鐵兩種過渡金屬納米復合材料的水熱一步合成法的制備,考察了兩種金屬配比、煅燒溫度、煅燒氣氛等因素對催化劑形貌、結構及粒徑的影響。采用X射線衍射（XRD）、透射電鏡（TEM）、X射線光電子能譜（XPS）等表征手段對催化劑進行表征,發(fā)現(xiàn)Ni:Fe為1:1且煅燒溫度為600℃時催化劑具有更好的結晶性能。通過電化學工作站測試,發(fā)現(xiàn)鎳鐵比為1:1且在600℃氮氣氣氛保護下煅燒時,所制備的鎳鐵氧化物催化劑具有更佳的OER反應催化活性,過電位為291mV,塔菲爾（Tafel）斜率為86mv·dec-1,當在同樣條件下經(jīng)H2氣氛下還原,所制備的鎳鐵合金催化劑相比鎳鐵氧化物具有更佳的OER催化活性,過電位為258mV,Tafel斜率為68mv·dec-1,同時經(jīng)過30000s循環(huán)催化劑仍較穩(wěn)定。文中還通過制備ORR催化劑,使催化劑在反應過程中偏向于二電子機理。通過電化學工作站對制備的鈷、鎳及鎳鐵催化劑進行測試,通過K-L方程計算得到純鎳相催化劑在催化過程中電子轉移數(shù)n=2.2,而鎳鐵合金催化劑n=3.6,所以純鎳相催化劑在反應過程中更偏向于二電子途徑。將制備的催化劑負載在碳布上分別應用于原位制過氧化氫裝置中,當陰極使用ORR催化劑時,過氧化氫的產(chǎn)率比相同條件下使用石墨電極的產(chǎn)率提高了三倍左右,在反應時間240min時過氧化氫濃度達50.18mg·L-1。在陽極使用OER催化劑時,在相同條件下能產(chǎn)生更多的過氧化氫,與電化學測試結果一致。在反應時間為1000min時過氧化氫濃度達到55mg·L-1。接近使用鉑電極作為陽極材料時的產(chǎn)率。","genre":"碩士","language":"中文;","publisher":"鄭州大學","source":"CNKI","title":"析氧反應催化劑的制備以及氧陰極還原法制過氧化氫的研究","URL":"/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFD201802&filename=1018106951.nh&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=YBYq_5cjtIxWR6a0MnZlK-VM1TEBxxkoF4AezUvKFc9aYcOPfkqWmbcixUo5x69b","author":[{"family":"陳","given":"君偉"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2022",4,5]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[21]。該法是將蒽醌衍生物溶解在有機溶劑中配成工作液,然后將工作液在催化劑條件下氫化,生成蒽氫醌；之后用O2（或空氣）進行氧化,生成雙氧水和蒽醌；最后用純水萃取,在經(jīng)過一系列流程得到不同濃度H2O2。此法可用于大規(guī)模工業(yè)生產(chǎn),技術先進,自動化程度高,成本和能耗較低,但是污染嚴重，且有氧化和氫化過程遇明火易發(fā)生爆炸。圖1.3蒽醌法的加氫和氧化反應歷程ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"rrFowQsK","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[22]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[22]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":311,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/E68BMHZC"],"itemData":{"id":311,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"介紹了蒽醌法生產(chǎn)雙氧水中氫化工序反應原理和各個影響因素,從實際生產(chǎn)的角度,重點介紹了對各個影響因素的控制,以提高氫化效率,保證加氫生產(chǎn)的穩(wěn)定運行。","container-title":"化學推進劑與高分子材料","DOI":"10.16572/j.issn1672-2191.2012.04.024","ISSN":"1672-2191","issue":"04","language":"中文;","page":"94-96","source":"CNKI","title":"淺析蒽醌法生產(chǎn)雙氧水氫化工序","volume":"10","author":[{"family":"陳","given":"韡"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[22]。6.光催化法光催化制備H2O2是指利用光能且在有光催化劑的水溶液中，O2通過2e途徑與H+生成H2O2（圖1.4）ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"4OLXQbXX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[23]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[23]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":115,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/RG2J2BXB"],"itemData":{"id":115,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"EvidenceispresentedwhichdemonstratesthattitaniumdioxidedoesinfactphotogenerateH2O2inthepresenceofthedonorsodiumformate.However,thisH2O2hasonlyatransientexistenceinaqueousdispersions.ThiswasconfirmedbyexperimentsinwhichH2O2wasinjectedintothedispersion.ThereasonsforthelabilityofH2O2arediscussedandpossiblemechanismspresented.ElectronparamagneticresonanceexperimentsusingspintrapsrevealthatphotolysisofTiO2dispersiongenerates?OHradicalsinthedonor-freecasewhile?CO2radicalsareobservedinthepresenceofformate.TheseresultsarealsoconsistentwithH2O2generation.","container-title":"CanadianJournalofChemistry","DOI":"10.1139/v85-032","journalAbbreviation":"CanadianJournalofChemistry","page":"204-208","source":"ResearchGate","title":"PhotogenerationofhydrogenperoxideinaqueousTiO2dispersions","volume":"63","author":[{"family":"Harbour","given":"John"},{"family":"Tromp","given":"John"},{"family":"Hair","given":"Michael"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011",2,5]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[23]。目前最常用的光催化劑多是TiO2，如RuxiongCai通過Cu2+修飾TiO2，讓TiO2的還原位點產(chǎn)生的O2-轉化為H2O2，使得TiO2制備H2O2的能力大大提高ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"O3GTs8AV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[24]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[24]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":121,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/FF4PQKIP"],"itemData":{"id":121,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Reactiveradicalssuchashydroxylradical(OH·),hydrogenperoxide(H2O2),andsuperoxideanion(O2?)arethemainpowerdrivingtitaniumdioxide(TiO2)photocatalyticreactions,forexample,photokillingofbiologicalcells.Here,theeffectofcopperionsontheformationofH2O2overphotocatalyticTiO2wasinvestigated.Underanoxygen-purgedsolution,formationofH2O2wasincreaseddramaticallyupto20timesbytheadditionofasmallamountofcopperions.ByusingtheFentonreaction,theH2O2formedcanbeconvertedintoOH·,a

highlyreactiveradical.Incontrast,undernitrogen-purgedsolution,noH2O2wasformedeveninthepresenceofanelectronacceptor,silverion(Ag+).TheseresultsclearlyshowthatH2O2wasgeneratedfromthereductionsiteofthephotoexcitedTiO2andindicateaneffectivewaytoincreasethephotocatalyticefficiency.","container-title":"JournalofCatalysis","DOI":"10.1016/S0021-9517(03)00197-0","ISSN":"0021-9517","issue":"1","journalAbbreviation":"JournalofCatalysis","language":"en","page":"214-218","source":"ScienceDirect","title":"Effectofcopperionsontheformationofhydrogenperoxidefromphotocatalytictitaniumdioxideparticles","volume":"219","author":[{"family":"Cai","given":"Ruxiong"},{"family":"Kubota","given":"Yoshinobu"},{"family":"Fujishima","given":"Akira"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2003",10,1]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[24]。Fujihira等也在研究中表明通過用Cu2+修飾TiO2，使H2O2的產(chǎn)量得到提升，高達8.0μMH2O2ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"POvg386Z","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[25]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[25]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":123,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/XSFL98NL"],"itemData":{"id":123,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Semiconductor-mediatedphotocatalysishasreceivedtremendousattentionasitholdsgreatpromisetoaddresstheworldwideenergyandenvironmentalissues.Toovercometheseriousdrawbacksoffastchargerecombinationandthelimitedvisible-lightabsorptionofsemiconductorphotocatalysts,manystrategieshavebeendevelopedinthepastfewdecadesandthemostwidelyusedoneistodevelopphotocatalyticheterojunctions.Thisreviewattemptstosummarizetherecentprogressintherationaldesignandfabricationofheterojunctionphotocatalysts,suchasthesemiconductor-semiconductorheterojunction,thesemiconductor-metalheterojunction,thesemiconductor-carbonheterojunctionandthemulticomponentheterojunction.Thephotocatalyticpropertiesofthefourjunctionsystemsarealsodiscussedinrelationtotheenvironmentalandenergyapplications,suchasdegradationofpollutants,hydrogengenerationandphotocatalyticdisinfection.Thistutorialreviewendswithasummaryandsomeperspectivesonthechallengesandnewdirectionsinthisexcitingandstillemergingareaofresearch.","container-title":"ChemicalSocietyReviews","DOI":"10.1039/c4cs00126e","journalAbbreviation":"ChemicalSocietyReviews","source":"ResearchGate","title":"ChemInformAbstract:SemiconductorHeterojunctionPhotocatalysts:Design,Construction,andPhotocatalyticPerformances","title-short":"ChemInformAbstract","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Huanli"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Lisha"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Zhigang"},{"family":"Hu","given":"Junqing"},{"family":"Li","given":"Shijie"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Zhaohui"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Jianshe"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Xinchen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",5,20]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[25]。MiwakoTeranishiADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"iKTVwcu5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[26]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[26]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":306,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/2I96SJPG"],"itemData":{"id":306,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"TheJournalofPhysicalChemistryA","DOI":"10.1021/jp0131830","ISSN":"1089-5639,1520-5215","issue":"2","journalAbbreviation":"J.Phys.Chem.A","language":"en","page":"447-452","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"TemperatureDependenceoftheHydrogenPeroxideProductionintheγ-RadiolysisofWater","volume":"106","author":[{"family":"?tefani?","given":"Igor"},{"family":"LaVerne","given":"JayA."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2002",1,1]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[26]課題組使用貴金屬Au負載TiO2并置于4%的乙醇溶液中，再改變pH和溫度，使每克催化劑催化的H2O2產(chǎn)量達到了1.25mM每小時，這是由于Au納米顆粒使空穴和電子得到了很好的分離，從而使H2O2產(chǎn)率提高。MiwakoTeranishiADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"TkPNEutc","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[27]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[27]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":126,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/AQNI33C4"],"itemData":{"id":126,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"GoldnanoparticleloadinghasledtoadrasticenhancementofTiO2-photocatalizedgenerationofH2O2fromO2withauniqueinversedvolcano-typerelationbetweentheactivityandAuparticlesize.","container-title":"JournaloftheAmericanChemicalSociety","DOI":"10.1021/ja102651g","ISSN":"0002-7863","issue":"23","journalAbbreviation":"J.Am.Chem.Soc.","note":"publisher:AmericanChemicalSociety","page":"7850-7851","source":"ACSPublications","title":"InSituLiquidPhaseSynthesisofHydrogenPeroxidefromMolecularOxygenUsingGoldNanoparticle-LoadedTitanium(IV)DioxidePhotocatalyst","volume":"132","author":[{"family":"Teranishi","given":"Miwako"},{"family":"Naya","given":"Shin-ichi"},{"family":"Tada","given":"Hiroaki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010",6,16]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[27]還在別的研究中，在已有的催化劑體系中加入了穩(wěn)定劑NaF，讓H2O2產(chǎn)量得到進一步的提升，達到了2.08，相比于在純TiO2條件下的產(chǎn)量0.1mM有大幅的提升。圖1.4光催化氧還原產(chǎn)過氧化氫示意圖ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"4UICrkkn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[28]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[28]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":313,"uris":["/users/9567418/items/XSL3IJNQ"],"itemData":{"id":313,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"匯總了近年來H2O2的合成方法的主要研究進展，著重介紹了開發(fā)的在更溫和的反應條件下實現(xiàn)H2O2合成的新方法，包括它們的基本原理、優(yōu)越性和局限性等。推薦將此部分內(nèi)容在基礎無機化學教材中進行更新和補充，這不僅可以豐富元素化學教學內(nèi)容、拓寬本科生認識范圍、增強其環(huán)保意識，還可以起到激發(fā)學生探索科學、提高創(chuàng)新思維和能力的作用。","container-title":"化學教育(中英文)","DOI":"10.13884/j.1003-3807hxjy.2021020179","ISSN":"1003-3807","issue":"10","language":"中文;","note":"<北大核心>","page":"15-23","source":"CNKI","title":"過氧化氫合成方法研究進展","volume":"43","author":[{"family":"顧","given":"泉"},{"family":"閆","given":"旭梅"},{"family":"張","given":"薇"},{"family":"李","given":"玲"},{"family":"高","given":"勝利"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[28]。參考文獻：[1] 陳冠群,周濤,曾平,等.蒽醌法生產(chǎn)雙氧水的研究進展[J].化學工業(yè)與工程,2006(06):550-555+561.[2] LewisRJ,HutchingsGJ.RecentAdvancesintheDirectSynthesisofH2O2[J].ChemCatChem,2019,11(1):298–308.[3] CuiX,TangC,ZhangQ.AReviewofElectrocatalyticReductionofDinitrogentoAmmoniaunderAmbientConditions[J].Adv