2026年研究生入學(xué)考試英語閱讀理解進(jìn)階題庫一、主旨大意題（共3題，每題2分）Passage1(2分)Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassignificantlytransformedvariousindustries,particularlyinurbanplanningandinfrastructuredevelopment.Traditionalmethodsofcityplanningoftenreliedonextensivemanuallaborandlimiteddataanalysis,leadingtoinefficienciesandresourcewastage.Incontrast,AI-drivenurbanplanningleveragesbigdata,machinelearning,andpredictiveanalyticstooptimizeinfrastructurelayout,trafficflow,andenergyconsumption.Forinstance,smarttrafficsystemsincitieslikeSingaporeandTokyohavereducedcongestionby20–30%throughreal-timedataprocessingandadaptivesignalcontrol.However,challengessuchasdataprivacyconcerns,highimplementationcosts,andresistancefromlocalcommunitiesremainsignificanthurdles.Despitetheseissues,thepotentialbenefitsofAIinurbanplanning—suchassustainability,costreduction,andimprovedqualityoflife—makeitapromisingfieldforfutureresearchanddevelopment.Question1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.AIhasrevolutionizedurbanplanningbutfacesimplementationchallenges.B.CitieslikeSingaporeandTokyoareleadersinAI-driveninfrastructure.C.Traditionalurbanplanningmethodsareoutdatedandinefficient.D.DataprivacyandcostaretheprimaryobstaclestoAIadoptionincities.Answer1.A解析：ThepassagediscusseshowAIhastransformedurbanplanningandhighlightsbothitsbenefitsandchallenges.OptionsBandCaretoonarrow,whileDfocusesonlyonobstacles,omittingthepositiveaspects.Passage2(2分)TheCOVID-19pandemichasacceleratedtheadoptionofremoteworkpoliciesacrosstheglobe,reshapingthetraditionalofficeculture.Initially,manycompanieswereskepticalaboutremotework'sfeasibility,fearingreducedproductivityandteamcohesion.However,asthepandemicpersisted,businessesrealizedthatremoteworkcouldleadtocostsavings,talentdiversification,andincreasedemployeesatisfaction.Forexample,techgiantslikeGoogleandMicrosofthavereportedhigheremployeeretentionratespost-pandemic.Nevertheless,remoteworkalsopresentschallenges,suchascommunicationgaps,work-lifebalanceissues,andcybersecurityrisks.PolicymakersandHRprofessionalsarenowtaskedwithdevelopingframeworksthatmaximizethebenefitsofremoteworkwhilemitigatingitsdrawbacks.Thefutureofworkislikelytobeahybridmodel,blendingtraditionalofficeenvironmentswithflexibleremoteoptions.Question2.Whatisthecentralthemeofthepassage?A.Remoteworkhasreplacedtraditionalofficecultureentirely.B.Thepandemicforcedcompaniestoadapttoremotework,withmixedresults.C.Techcompaniesaretheonlyonesbenefitingfromremoteworkpolicies.D.Policymakersarestrugglingtobalanceremoteandin-officework.Answer2.B解析：Thepassagebalancesthepositiveandnegativeimpactsofremotework,emphasizingthepandemic'sroleinitswidespreadadoption.OptionAistooabsolute,whileCandDnarrowthescopetospecificgroupsorissues.Passage3(2分)Climatechangehasbecomeoneofthemostpressingglobalchallenges,withextremeweatherevents,risingsealevels,andbiodiversitylossposingsignificantthreats.Governmentsandorganizationsworldwideareimplementingrenewableenergyprojects,suchaswindandsolarpower,tomitigatecarbonemissions.Forexample,Denmarkhasachieved50%renewableenergyusage,primarilythroughwindfarms.However,transitioningtocleanenergyrequiressubstantialinvestment,technologicalinnovation,andinternationalcooperation.Developingcountries,inparticular,strugglewithfundingandinfrastructurelimitations.Environmentalactivistsarguethatwithoutaggressivepolicymeasures,theworldmaymissthewindowtolimitglobalwarmingto1.5°C,akeytargetoftheParisAgreement.Theurgencyofclimateactionhasneverbeengreater,necessitatingimmediateandsustainedeffortsfromallstakeholders.Question3.Whatisthepassageprimarilyabout?A.Denmark'ssuccessinrenewableenergyadoption.B.Theglobaleffortsandchallengesincombatingclimatechange.C.Climateactivistsdemandingstricterenvironmentalpolicies.D.Developingcountrieslackingtheresourcesforcleanenergyprojects.Answer3.B解析：Thepassagediscussesboththeprogressandobstaclesinaddressingclimatechange,makingBthemostcomprehensiveanswer.二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題（共5題，每題2分）Passage4(2分)Theelectricvehicle(EV)industryhasseenexponentialgrowthinrecentyears,drivenbygovernmentincentives,technologicaladvancements,andconsumerdemandforsustainabletransportation.CompanieslikeTesla,比亞迪(BYD),andVolkswagenareleadingthecharge,investingbillionsinEVresearchandproduction.However,challengesremain,suchasbatterylifespan,charginginfrastructure,andhighmanufacturingcosts.Forinstance,Tesla'sGigafactorieshavehelpedreducebatterycostsby30%,butEVsstillaccountforlessthan10%ofglobalcarsales.Analystspredictthatby2030,EVscouldcapture30%ofthemarket,butthisdependsonresolvingcurrentlimitations.GovernmentsinEuropeandChinaareofferingsubsidiestoboostEVadoption,buttheindustry'slong-termsuccesshingesoninnovationandcostreduction.Question4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorchallengefortheEVindustry?A.Governmentsubsidiesareinsufficienttodriveadoption.B.Batterytechnologyisstilltooexpensiveandshort-lived.C.TeslaistheonlycompanyinvestinginEVresearch.D.Charginginfrastructureislimitedinruralareas.Answer4.B解析：Thepassageexplicitlymentionsbatterylifespanandcostaskeychallenges,makingBthecorrectanswer.Passage5(2分)Theriseofe-commercehasreshapedretail,forcingtraditionalbrick-and-mortarstorestoadaptorriskobsolescence.AmazonandAlibabahavedominatedtheonlinemarket,leveragingtheirvastlogisticsnetworksanddata-drivenrecommendations.However,localsmallbusinessesarefindingwaystocompetebyofferingpersonalizedcustomerexperiencesandcommunityengagement.Forexample,independentbookstoresincitieslikePortlandandBerlinhavethrivedbycreatingcozy,book-focusedenvironmentsthatonlineretailerscannotreplicate.Thepandemicacceleratedtheshifttoonlineshopping,butmanyconsumersstillvaluethetactileexperienceofphysicalstores.Retailersarenowexperimentingwithomnichannelstrategies,blendingonlineandofflineoperationstomeetdiverseconsumerpreferences.Question5.Whatstrategyarelocalsmallbusinessesusingtocompetewithe-commercegiants?A.OfferinglowerpricesthanAmazon.B.Focusingonpersonalizedexperiencesandcommunityties.C.ExpandingtheirlogisticsnetworkstorivalAlibaba.D.Eliminatingphysicalstoresinfavorofonlineplatforms.Answer5.B解析：Thepassagehighlightshowsmallbusinessesdifferentiatethemselvesthroughuniqueexperiences,notpricewarsorlogistics.Passage6(2分)Thegigeconomyhastransformedthelabormarket,withplatformslikeUber,DoorDash,andUpworkconnectingfreelancerswithshort-termjobs.Whilegigworkoffersflexibilityandautonomy,italsolackstraditionalemploymentbenefitssuchashealthinsuranceandretirementplans.Advocatesarguethatgigworkersshouldreceivesimilarprotections,whilecriticsmaintainthatgigplatformsfosterinnovationandeconomicdynamism.Inresponse,someEuropeancountrieshaveimplementedregulationsrequiringgigplatformstoprovideminimumbenefits,sparkingdebatesaboutgloballaborstandards.Thegigeconomy'sfutureremainsuncertain,butitsimpactonworkcultureandemploymentpatternsisundeniable.Question6.Whatisakeyconcernaboutthegigeconomy?A.Gigworkersarehighlypaidcomparedtotraditionalemployees.B.Gigplatformsarelosingcustomersduetolowflexibility.C.Lackofbenefitsandjobsecurityforgigworkers.D.Europeanregulationsarestiflinggigplatformgrowth.Answer6.C解析：Thepassageexplicitlymentionstheabsenceofbenefitsasamajorissueforgigworkers.Passage7(2分)Theglobalsemiconductorshortage,whichbeganin2020,hashighlightedthefragilityofglobalsupplychains.ElectronicsmanufacturerslikeAppleandSamsungfacedproductiondelaysduetochipshortages,whileautomakerslikeToyotaandGeneralMotorsshutdownfactories.Thepandemicexposedrelianceonafewkeysuppliers,particularlyinAsia.Toaddressthis,governmentsandcompaniesarediversifyingtheirsupplychains,investingindomesticsemiconductorproduction.Forexample,theU.S.andTaiwanhaveannouncedplanstoboostchipmanufacturingcapabilities.Whiletheseeffortswilltakeyearstobearfruit,theyaimtoreducefuturedisruptions.Thesemiconductorcrisishasunderscoredtheneedforresilienceinglobaltrade.Question7.Whatistheprimarycauseofthesemiconductorshortagementionedinthepassage?A.Reducedconsumerdemandforelectronics.B.Overrelianceonalimitednumberofsuppliers.C.Governmentrestrictionsonsemiconductorexports.D.Laborstrikesatmajorchipfactories.Answer7.B解析：Thepassageattributestheshortagetodependenceonafewkeysuppliers,notdemandorlaborissues.Passage8(2分)Theincreasingpopularityofplant-baseddietshassparkeddebatesabouttheirenvironmentalandhealthimpacts.Proponentsarguethatreducingmeatconsumptioncanlowercarbonemissions,conservewater,andimprovepublichealth.Forinstance,studiesshowthatshiftingtoaplant-baseddietcanreduceanindividual'scarbonfootprintbyupto73%.However,criticsquestionwhetherplant-baseddietsarenutritionallycompleteandsustainableforlargepopulations.Foodcompaniesarerespondingbyexpandingtheirplant-basedproductlines,suchasImpossibleFoods'meatsubstitutes.Whilethelong-termeffectsofplant-baseddietsarestillbeingstudied,theirgrowingacceptancereflectsshiftingconsumerattitudestowardsustainability.Question8.Whatbenefitdoplant-baseddietsofferenvironmentally?A.Theyincreasetheavailabilityofmeatinthemarket.B.Theyreducecarbonemissionsandwaterusage.C.Theyrequiremorelandthanmeatproduction.D.Theyaremoreexpensivethantraditionaldiets.Answer8.B解析：Thepassageexplicitlylinksplant-baseddietstolowercarbonandwaterfootprints.Passage9(2分)Theuseofartificialintelligenceinhealthcarehasrevolutionizeddiagnosticsandtreatmentplanning.AIalgorithmscananalyzemedicalimages,suchasX-raysandMRIs,withhigheraccuracythanhumanradiologistsinsomecases.Forexample,GoogleHealth'sAIsystemhasshown99%accuracyindetectingskincancer.Additionally,AI-poweredchatbotsassistpatientswithpreliminarydiagnosesandmedicationreminders.However,challengesremain,suchasdataprivacyconcerns,algorithmbias,andregulatoryapproval.HealthcareprovidersarecautiouslyadoptingAItocomplement,notreplace,humandoctors.TheintegrationofAIintohealthcarepromisestoimproveefficiencyandpatientoutcomes,butethicalandpracticalhurdlesmustbeaddressed.Question9.HowisAIbeingusedinhealthcareaccordingtothepassage?A.Toreplacehumandoctorsentirely.B.Toenhancediagnosticaccuracyandpatientcare.C.Toincreasehealthcarecostssignificantly.D.Toreducetheneedformedicalresearch.Answer9.B解析：ThepassagedescribesAIasatooltoimprovediagnosticsandpatientsupport,notreplacedoctors.Passage10(2分)Theproliferationofsocialmediahastransformedpublicdiscourse,enablingrapidinformationsharingbutalsospreadingmisinformation.PlatformslikeFacebook,Twitter,andTikTokhavebecomeinfluentialinshapingpoliticalopinionsandconsumerbehavior.Forexample,duringthe2020U.S.election,socialmediapostsinfluencedover40%ofvoters.Governmentsandtechcompaniesaregrapplingwithhowtoregulateharmfulcontentwhilepreservingfreespeech.Contentmoderationalgorithmsaimtofilterfakenews,buttheireffectivenessisoftendebated.Theriseofsocialmediahasmadeithardertodistinguishcrediblesourcesfrompropaganda,posingachallengetoinformeddecision-making.Question10.Whatisamajorconsequenceofsocialmedia'sinfluenceonpublicopinion?A.Ithasincreasedvoterturnoutsignificantly.B.Ithasmadeiteasiertoaccessreliablenews.C.Ithasspreadmisinformationandalteredpoliticaloutcomes.D.Ithasreducedtheneedfortraditionalmedia.Answer10.C解析：Thepassagehighlightsthespreadofmisinformationanditsimpactonpolitics,makingCthecorrectanswer.三、推理判斷題（共3題，每題2分）Passage11(2分)Thesuccessofelectricvehicles(EVs)dependsonadvancementsinbatterytechnology,charginginfrastructure,andconsumeracceptance.WhileTeslahasledthemarketwithitsinnovativemodels,otherautomakerslikeVolkswagenandHyundaiareinvestingheavilyinEVproduction.GovernmentsinEuropeandChinaareofferingsubsidiestoencourageEVadoption,butthesepoliciesmaynotbesufficientinthelongterm.AnalystssuggestthatthekeytowidespreadEVadoptionliesinreducingbatterycostsandexpandingchargingnetworks.Forinstance,Tesla'sGigafactorieshaveloweredbatteryproductioncostsby30%,butEVsstillaccountforlessthan10%ofglobalcarsales.ThefutureofEVshingesonresolvingthesechallenges.Question11.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureoftheEVindustry?A.EVswillreplacegasolinecarscompletelyby2030.B.GovernmentsubsidiesalonewilldriveEVadoption.C.Batterytechnologyandcharginginfrastructurearecriticalforgrowth.D.TeslawilldominatetheEVmarketindefinitely.Answer11.C解析：ThepassageimpliesthattechnicalimprovementsareessentialforEVstobecomemainstream,notjustfinancialincentives.Passage12(2分)Theriseofremoteworkhasforcedcompaniestorethinktheirofficepolicies,balancingflexibilitywithproductivity.Whilemanyemployeesappreciatetheabilitytoworkfromhome,managersworryaboutmaintainingteamcohesionandaccountability.Forexample,Microsoft's"HybridWork"policyallowsemployeestochoosebetweenremoteorofficework,butithasledtochallengesinschedulingandcollaboration.HRprofessionalsarenowfocusingondevelopingdigitaltoolstobridgeremoteandin-officeteams.Thepandemicacceleratedthesechanges,butthelong-termimpactonworkcultureisstillunfolding.Companiesthatadapteffectivelywillgainacompetitiveedgeinattractingandretainingtalent.Question12.Whatisthelikelyoutcomeofthehybridworkmodel?A.Remoteworkwillbecomethesolemodeofemployment.B.Traditionalofficeculturewilldisappearentirely.C.Companieswillstruggletobalanceremoteandin-officedynamics.D.Employeeproductivitywilldeclinesignificantly.Answer12.C解析：Thepassagesuggeststhatmanagingahybridworkforcewillbecomplex,implyingchallengesratherthanoutrightsuccessorfailure.Passage13(2分)Climatechangeisdisproportionatelyaffectingdevelopingcountries,whichcontributetheleasttoglobalemissionsbutsufferthemostfromitsimpacts.Forinstance,Bangladesh,alow-lyingnation,facesfrequentfloodingduetorisingsealevels,whileSub-SaharanAfricancountriesgrapplewithdroughts.Despitethesechallenges,developingnationsareincreasinglyadvocatingforclimatejusticeandfaircompensationfromdevelopedcountries.InternationalagreementsliketheParisAgreementaimtoaddressthisimbalance,butenforcementremainsinconsistent.Environmentalactivistsarguethatwithouturgentaction,theconsequencesforvulnerableregionswillbecatastrophic.Theglobalcommunitymustprioritizeequityinclimatepolicy.Question13.Whatcanbeinferredabouttherelationshipbetweenclimatechangeanddevelopingcountries?A.Developingcountriesaretheprimarydriversofglobalwarming.B.Developednationsbearthebruntofclimatechangeimpacts.C.Climatechangedisproportionatelyharmscountrieswithlimitedresources.D.Developingcountriesarenotaffectedbyclimatechange.Answer13.C解析：Thepassageemphasizesthatdevelopingnationssuffermorefromclimatechangedespitecontributingminimallytoit.四、詞匯題（共5題，每題2分）Passage14(2分)Theexponentialgrowthofrenewableenergyhastransformedtheglobalenergylandscape.Solarandwindpowerhavebecomeincreasinglycompetitive,challengingtraditionalfossilfueldominance.However,mitigatingthetransitiontocleanenergyrequiressubstantialinvestmentandinnovation.Governmentsandprivatecompaniesareleveragingadvancedtechnologiestooptimizeenergydistribution.Whilechallengesremain,suchasdiversifyingsupplychainsandaddressingsustainabilityconcerns,thelong-termbenefitsofrenewableenergyareundeniable.Question14.Whichwordbestreplaces"mitigating"inthecontextofthepassage?A.ExpandingB.AcceleratingC.ReducingD.IgnoringAnswer14.C解析："Mitigating"meansreducingnegativeeffects,so"reducing"fitsbest.Passage15(2分)Thegigeconomyhasreshapedthetraditionallabormarket,offeringbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Freelancersvaluetheautonomyandflexibilityofgigwork,buttheyoftenlackbenefitssuchashealthinsuranceandretirementplans.Advocatesarguethatgigworkersdeserveprotections,whilecriticscontendthatgigplatformsfosterinnovationandeconomicdynamism.SomeEuropeancountrieshaveimplementedregulationsrequiringgigplatformstoprovideminimumcoverage,sparkingdebatesaboutgloballaborstandards.Thegigeconomy'sfutureremainsuncertain,butitsimpactonworkcultureisundeniable.Question15.Whichwordbestreplaces"protections"inthecontextofthepassage?A.BenefitsB.RestrictionsC.FlexibilityD.InnovationsAnswer15.A解析："Protections"referstobenefitslikeinsurance,so"benefits"isthemostappropriatereplacement.Passage16(2分)Thesuccessofelectricvehicles(EVs)hingesonadvancementsinbatterytechnology,charginginfrastructure,andconsumeracceptance.WhileTeslahasdominatedthemarketwithitsinnovativemodels,otherautomakerslikeVolkswagenandHyundaiareinvestingheavilyinEVproduction.GovernmentsinEuropeandChinaareofferingsubsidiestoencourageEVadoption,butthesepoliciesmaynotbesufficientinthelongterm.AnalystssuggestthatthekeytowidespreadEVadoptionliesinreducingbatterycostsandexpandingchargingnetworks.Forinstance,Tesla'sGigafactorieshaveloweredbatteryproductioncostsby30%,butEVsstillaccountforlessthan10%ofglobalcarsales.ThefutureofEVshingesonresolvingthesechallenges.Question16.Whichwordbestreplaces"hinges"inthecontextofthepassage?A.DependsB.RejectsC.IgnoresD.DisregardsAnswer16.A解析："Hingeson"meansdependson,so"depends"isthecorrectreplacement.Passage17(2分)Theriseofsocialmediahastransformedpublicdiscourse,enablingrapidinformationsharingbutalsospreadingmisinformation.PlatformslikeFacebook,Twitter,andTikTokhavebecomeinfluentialinshapingpoliticalopinionsandconsumerbehavior.Forexample,duringthe2020U.S.election,socialmediapostsinfluencedover40%ofvoters.Governmentsandtechcompaniesaregrapplingwithhowtoregulateharmfulcontentwhilepreservingfreespeech.Contentmoderationalgorithmsaimtofilterfakenews,buttheireffectivenessisoftendebated.Theriseofsocialmediahasmadeithardertodistinguishcrediblesourcesfrompropaganda,posingachallengetoinformeddecision-making.Question17.Whichwordbestreplaces"transformed"inthecontextofthepassage?A.AlteredB.IgnoredC.PreservedD.StabilizedAnswer17.A解析："Transformed"meanschangedsignificantly,so"altered"fitsbest.Passage18(2分)Theproliferationofe-commercehasreshapedtheretaillandscape,forcingtraditionalbrick-and-mortarstorestoadaptorriskobsolescence.AmazonandAlibabahavedominatedtheonlinemarket,leveragingtheirvastlogisticsnetworksanddata-drivenrecommendations.However,localsmallbusinessesarefindingwaystocompetebyofferingpersonalizedcustomerexperiencesandcommunityengagement.Forexample,independentbookstoresincitieslikePortlandandBerlinhavethrivedbycreatingcozy,book-focusedenvironmentsthatonlineretailerscannotreplicate.Thepandemicacceleratedtheshifttoonlineshopping,butmanyconsumersstillvaluethetactileexperienceofphysicalstores.Retailersarenowexperimentingwithomnichannelstrategies,blendingonlineandofflineoperationstomeetdiverseconsumerpr