2026年TOEFL托福寫作實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)題Task1:IntegratedWriting(30minutes)說明：本部分共2題，每題30分鐘。題目1(15分鐘)背景材料：學(xué)術(shù)文章觀點(diǎn)：隨著全球化加劇，跨國公司傾向于將研發(fā)中心設(shè)置在發(fā)展中國家，主要因?yàn)槿肆Τ杀据^低、政策優(yōu)惠及本土市場潛力。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)，此舉不僅提升當(dāng)?shù)鼐蜆I(yè)率，還促進(jìn)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)，長期來看對(duì)發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化具有積極意義。講座觀點(diǎn)：一位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授通過具體案例反駁了上述觀點(diǎn)。他認(rèn)為，跨國公司研發(fā)中心遷移至發(fā)展中國家更多是出于短期利潤最大化，而非戰(zhàn)略布局。教授指出，這些研發(fā)項(xiàng)目往往局限于特定領(lǐng)域（如軟件開發(fā)），對(duì)本土技術(shù)融合有限；同時(shí)，高技能崗位仍需從發(fā)達(dá)國家外派，本土員工難以獲得核心技能提升，反而加劇了人才結(jié)構(gòu)失衡。此外，講座提到部分發(fā)展中國家因缺乏知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，導(dǎo)致技術(shù)成果流失。寫作任務(wù)：Writearesponseinwhichyoucompareandcontrastthepointsandperspectivespresentedinthereadingpassageandthelecture.Inyourresponse,besuretoexplainhowthepointsandperspectivesdiffer.答案與解析：答案：ThereadingpassageandthelecturepresentcontrastingviewsontheimpactofmultinationalcorporationsrelocatingtheirR&Dcenterstodevelopingcountries.Whilethepassagesuggeststhatsuchrelocationbenefitsbothlocaleconomiesandglobalcompetitiveness,thelecturearguesthatthebenefitsareoverstatedandthatthenegativeconsequences,suchaslimitedtechnologytransferandtalentimbalance,areoftenoverlooked.Inthereadingpassage,itisstatedthatmultinationalcorporations(MNCs)movetheirR&Dcenterstodevelopingcountriesprimarilybecauseoflowerlaborcosts,favorablepolicies,andthepotentialfortappingintolocalmarkets.Thepassagefurtherassertsthatthisstrategynotonlycreatesjobsbutalsofacilitatestechnologytransferandindustrialupgrading,whichultimatelyoptimizetheeconomicstructureofdevelopingnations.Forinstance,thepassagementionsthatcountrieslikeIndiaandChinahaveattractedsignificantinvestmentsinR&D,leadingtoadvancementsinsectorssuchasinformationtechnologyandpharmaceuticals.However,thelecturechallengesthisoptimisticperspective.Accordingtotheprofessor,MNCsrelocatetheirR&Dcentersformorepragmaticreasons—short-termprofitmaximizationratherthanstrategiclong-terminvestments.TheprofessorprovidesacasestudyofatechgiantthatsetupanR&DcenterinVietnam,onlytofocusonsoftwaredevelopmentwhileimportingmostofthehigh-skilledpersonnel.Thisapproach,theprofessorargues,limitstheopportunitiesforlocaltalenttoengageincoreresearchanddevelopment,therebyhinderinggenuinetechnologicalintegration.Moreover,thelecturepointsoutthatwhilesomejobsarecreated,theyareoftenlow-skilledanddonotcontributetothebroadereconomicdiversificationofthehostcountry.Anotherkeydifferenceliesintheissueofintellectualproperty(IP)protection.ThereadingpassageimpliesthatMNCsarecommittedtofosteringinnovationindevelopingcountries,butthelecturewarnsthatweakIPlawscanleadtotheleakageofproprietarytechnologies.TheprofessorcitestheexampleofapharmaceuticalcompanyinMexicothatfacedaccusationsofstealingpatentedformulasduetoinadequateenforcementofIPrights.This,theprofessorargues,underminesthesupposedbenefitsofR&Drelocation.Inconclusion,whilethereadingpassageportraysR&Drelocationasawin-winscenarioforbothMNCsanddevelopingcountries,thelectureoffersamorecriticalanalysis.Theprofessoremphasizesthatthebenefitsareoftenexaggeratedandthatthenegativeimpacts,suchaslimitedtechnologytransfer,talentimbalance,andIPrisks,shouldnotbeignored.Thelectureeffectivelyrefutesthepassagebyprovidingconcreteexamplesandalternativeexplanations.解析：1.對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)：答案首先明確指出閱讀和講座的核心觀點(diǎn)相反，即閱讀強(qiáng)調(diào)積極影響，講座強(qiáng)調(diào)消極影響。2.分論點(diǎn)展開：-閱讀觀點(diǎn)：人力成本、政策優(yōu)惠、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)。引用具體國家（印度、中國）作為例證。-講座反駁：短期利潤、高技能崗位外派、技術(shù)融合有限、人才結(jié)構(gòu)失衡、IP風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。引用具體案例（越南、墨西哥）。3.邏輯銜接：使用轉(zhuǎn)折詞（"However"）和對(duì)比句式（"Whilethepassagesuggests...,thelectureargues..."）確保流暢性。4.語言準(zhǔn)確性：避免重復(fù)原文詞匯，使用學(xué)術(shù)詞匯（"optimisticperspective,""pragmaticreasons,""intellectualpropertyleakage"）。題目2(15分鐘)背景材料：學(xué)術(shù)文章觀點(diǎn)：為了緩解城市交通擁堵，許多城市政府推行了“擁堵費(fèi)”政策，即對(duì)進(jìn)入核心區(qū)域的車輛收取額外費(fèi)用。文章認(rèn)為，該政策能有效減少高峰時(shí)段的車流量，降低污染排放，并促使居民轉(zhuǎn)向公共交通或拼車出行。此外，文章指出，擁堵費(fèi)收入可用于改善公共交通系統(tǒng)，形成良性循環(huán)。講座觀點(diǎn)：一位城市規(guī)劃專家對(duì)擁堵費(fèi)政策的實(shí)際效果提出質(zhì)疑。他認(rèn)為，擁堵費(fèi)可能加劇社會(huì)不平等，因?yàn)榈褪杖肴后w依賴私家車出行（如通勤），而高收入者可負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用或選擇其他交通工具。專家還提到，擁堵費(fèi)并未顯著減少車流量，反而導(dǎo)致部分司機(jī)繞行，增加了其他區(qū)域的交通壓力。此外，講座指出，擁堵費(fèi)收入的使用缺乏透明度，部分資金被挪作他用，未能真正改善公共交通。寫作任務(wù)：Writearesponseinwhichyoucompareandcontrastthepointsandperspectivespresentedinthereadingpassageandthelecture.Inyourresponse,besuretoexplainhowthepointsandperspectivesdiffer.答案與解析：答案：Thereadingpassageandthelecturepresentdifferingviewsontheeffectivenessandfairnessofcongestionchargesasasolutiontourbantrafficcongestion.Whilethepassagearguesthatcongestionchargesbenefitboththeenvironmentandpublictransportationsystems,thelectureraisesconcernsabouttheirsocialequityimplicationsandtheirlimitedimpactonreducingtraffic.Inthereadingpassage,congestionchargesareportrayedasabeneficialpolicyformitigatingtrafficcongestion.Thepassagesuggeststhatbyimposingfeesonvehiclesenteringcentralurbanareasduringpeakhours,thepolicydiscouragesdrivingandencouragestheuseofpublictransportationorcarpooling.This,inturn,reducesoveralltrafficvolumeandpollutionemissions.Forexample,thepassagecitesLondonasacasestudy,wheretheintroductionofcongestionchargingledtoasignificantdecreaseinvehicleusageandimprovedairquality.Additionally,thepassagementionsthattherevenuegeneratedfromcongestionchargescanbereinvestedintopublictransportation,creatingasustainableandefficienturbanmobilitysystem.Despitethesepotentialbenefits,thelecturechallengestheoptimisticoutlookpresentedinthepassage.Theprofessorarguesthatcongestionchargesdisproportionatelyaffectlow-incomeindividualswhorelyonprivatevehiclesfordailycommutes.Accordingtotheprofessor,whilehigh-incomeresidentscanaffordthechargesoroptforalternativemodesoftransportation,low-incomeworkersmayfacefinancialhardshiporlongertraveltimes.ThelectureprovidesdatashowingthatincitieslikeNewYork,asignificantportionofaffectedhouseholdsarefromlow-incomebrackets,highlightingthesocialequityconcerns.Moreover,thelecturepointsoutthatcongestionchargesdonoteffectivelyreducetrafficcongestionasintended.Theprofessornotesthatmanydriverssimplytakedetourstoavoidthecharges,whichshiftstheproblemtootherareasratherthansolvingit.This"shifting"effect,astheprofessorcallsit,leadstoincreasedtrafficinperipheralneighborhoods,underminingthepolicy'sgoalofoverallcongestionreduction.Additionally,thelecturementionsthattherevenuefromcongestionchargesisoftennotusedasplanned.Theprofessorcitesinstanceswherefundshavebeendivertedtogeneralcitybudgets,ratherthanbeingallocatedtopublictransportationimprovements,castingdoubtonthesustainabilityofthepolicy.Inconclusion,whilethereadingpassagehighlightstheenvironmentalandeconomicbenefitsofcongestioncharges,thelectureoffersamorenuancedcritique.Theprofessoremphasizesthesocialequityissuesandthelimitedeffectivenessofthepolicyinreducingtraffic.Byprovidingalternativeexplanationsandcounterexamples,thelectureeffectivelychallengestheoptimisticviewpresentedinthepassage,suggestingthatcongestionchargesmaynotbethepanaceaforurbantrafficproblemsthatthepassageimplies.解析：1.對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)：答案先概述兩篇文章的核心分歧，即閱讀強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，講座質(zhì)疑社會(huì)公平和實(shí)際效果。2.分論點(diǎn)展開：-閱讀觀點(diǎn)：減少車流量、降低污染、改善公共交通（引用倫敦案例）。-講座反駁：社會(huì)不平等（低收入群體受影響）、效果有限（繞行問題）、資金使用不透明。3.邏輯銜接：使用過渡詞（"Despitethesepotentialbenefits,""Moreover,""Inconclusion"）確保段落連貫。4.語言準(zhǔn)確性：使用學(xué)術(shù)詞匯（"disproportionatelyaffect,""shiftingeffect,""divertedtogeneralcitybudgets"），避免口語化表達(dá)。Task2:IndependentWriting(30minutes)說明：本部分共2題，每題30分鐘。題目1(30分鐘)寫作任務(wù)：Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentsshouldspendmoremoneyonimprovingroadsandhighwaysthanonpublictransportation.Othersbelievethatgovernmentsshouldspendmoremoneyonpublictransportation.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.答案與解析：答案：Ifirmlyagreethatgovernmentsshouldprioritizespendingonpublictransportationoverroadsandhighways.Investinginefficientandaccessiblepublictransitsystemsoffersnumerousbenefitsthatoutweightheadvantagesofexpandingroadinfrastructurealone.First,investinginpublictransportationpromotesenvironmentalsustainability.Unlikeprivatevehicles,publictransitsystemssuchasbuses,trains,andsubwayssignificantlyreducegreenhousegasemissionsandairpollution.Indenselypopulatedcities,theconcentrationofcarscontributestosmogandhealthproblemslikerespiratorydiseases.Forinstance,citieslikeCopenhagenandAmsterdam,whichhaveinvestedheavilyincyclingandpublictransit,haveseenremarkableimprovementsinairqualityandreducedtrafficcongestion.Byshiftingmorecommuterstopublictransport,governmentscantakemeaningfulstepstowardcombatingclimatechangeandimprovingpublichealth.Second,publictransportationenhancessocialequity.Whileroadsprimarilyservethosewhocanaffordcars,publictransitisaccessibletoabroadersegmentofthepopulation,includinglow-incomefamilies,theelderly,andpeoplewithdisabilities.Inmanydevelopingcountries,thecostofowningandmaintainingacarisprohibitiveforthemajorityofcitizens.Providingaffordableandreliablepublictransportensuresthateveryonehastheopportunitytoaccesseducation,employment,andhealthcare.Forexample,inMumbai,theexpansionofitsbusrapidtransit(BRT)systemhasmadeiteasierforlow-incomeresidentstocommutetodistantjobcenters,therebyreducingpovertyandinequality.Moreover,investinginpublictransportationcanstimulateeconomicgrowth.Efficienttransitsystemsconnectneighborhoodstocommercialcenters,reducingtraveltimeandcostsforbothcommutersandbusinesses.Thisaccessibilityencourageseconomicactivitybyenablingworkerstoreachtheirjobsmorequicklyandbyfacilitatingthemovementofgoods.Tokyo'sextensivesubwaynetwork,forinstance,hasbeenakeyfactorinitsstatusasaglobaleconomichub,allowingmillionsofpeopletocommutedailywithoutrelyingonprivatevehicles.Incontrast,whileroadsmayreducetraveltimeforindividualdrivers,theydonotnecessarilycontributetobroadereconomicdevelopmentinthesameway.Finally,publictransportationismorecost-effectiveinthelongrun.Whilebuildingandmaintainingroadsrequiressubstantialinvestments,theoperationalcostsofpublictransitsystemsaregenerallylower.Theenergyefficiencyofmoderntransitvehicles,combinedwiththeabilitytocarrylargenumbersofpassengers,makespublictransportamoresustainableuseofresources.Additionally,well-designedtransitsystemscanhaveapositiveimpactonrealestatevaluesandurbandevelopment,generatingadditionalrevenueforgovernments.Forexample,citieswithrobustpublictransitoftenexperiencehigherpropertyvaluesalongtransitcorridors,providingareturnoninvestment.Inconclusion,governmentsshouldprioritizespendingonpublictransportationoverroadsandhighways.Theenvironmental,social,economic,andfinancialbenefitsofinvestingintransitsystemsmakeitamoreviableandsustainablesolutionforurbanmobility.Whileroadshavetheirplace,thelong-termadvantagesofpublictransportationensurethatcitiescangrowinawaythatisequitable,efficient,andenvironmentallyresponsible.解析：1.立場明確：開頭直接表明支持公共交通，并給出總體理由（環(huán)境、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、財(cái)務(wù)）。2.分論點(diǎn)展開：-環(huán)境：減少排放（引用哥本哈根、阿姆斯特丹）。-社會(huì)：公平性（低收入群體、老年人、殘疾人）（引用孟買BRT）。-經(jīng)濟(jì)：促進(jìn)商業(yè)活動(dòng)（引用東京地鐵）。-財(cái)務(wù)：長期成本效益（能源效率、房地產(chǎn)增值）。3.例證支持：每個(gè)論點(diǎn)都結(jié)合具體城市案例（哥本哈根、孟買、東京），增強(qiáng)說服力。4.邏輯銜接：使用過渡詞（"First,""Second,""Moreover,""Finally"）和對(duì)比句式（"Whileroadsmayreducetraveltime..."）確保流暢性。5.語言準(zhǔn)確性：使用學(xué)術(shù)詞匯（"greenhousegasemissions,""socialequity,""cost-effective,""sustainableuseofresources"），避免重復(fù)。題目2(30分鐘)寫作任務(wù)：Somepeoplebelievethatschoolsshouldfocusmoreonteachingstudentspracticalskillssuchascomputerprogramming,financialmanagement,andforeignlanguages.Othersbelievethatschoolsshouldfocusmoreonteachingstudentstraditionalsubjectssuchashistory,literature,andmathematics.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.答案與解析：答案：Whilepracticalskillslikecomputerprogramming,financialmanagement,andforeignlanguagesareincreasinglyvaluableinthemodernworld,schoolsshouldprioritizeteachingtraditionalsubjectssuchashistory,literature,andmathematics.Traditionalsubjectsprovideafoundationthatisessentialforcriticalthinking,culturalunderstanding,andlong-termacademicsuccess.First,traditionalsubjectsfostercriticalthinkingandanalyticalskills,whicharecrucialforsolvingcomplexproblemsinanyfield.History,forinstance,teachesstudentshowtoanalyzepastevents,identifypatterns,anddrawlessonsforthefuture.Literatureencouragescreativityandempathybyexposingstudentstodiverseperspectivesandhumanexperiences.Mathematicsdevelopslogicalreasoningandproblem-solvingabilitiesthatareapplicableincountlessreal-worldscenarios.Theseskillsarenoteasilyacquiredthroughpracticaltrainingalone;theyrequirethedepthofstudythattraditionalsubjectsoffer.Forexample,engineerswhohaveastrongfoundationinmathematicsandphysicscaninnovatemoreeffectivelythanthosewholackthisbackground,evenifthelatterhavemorehands-onexperiencewithspecifictechnologies.Second,traditionalsubjectspromoteculturalunderstandingandappreciation.Historyandliteratureprovideinsightsintodifferentsocieties,traditions,andvalues,fosteringasenseofglobalcitizenship.Inanincreasinglyinterconnectedworld,theabilitytounderstandandrespectculturaldifferencesismoreimportantthanever.Forinstance,studyingworldhistoryhelpsstudentsappreciatethecomplexitiesofinternationalrelationsandavoidsimplisticgeopoliticalnarratives.Similarly,literaturefromvariousculturesbroadensstudents'horizonsandreducesprejudices.Withoutexposuretotraditionalsubjects,studentsmaygrowupwithlimitedawarenessoftheworldbeyondtheirownimmediatesurroundings,whichhinderstheirabilitytocollaborateandcommunicateeffectivelyindiverseenvironments.Moreover,traditionalsubjectslaythegroundworkforfurtheracademicandprofessionalopportunities.Manyhighereducationprogramsandcareersrequireasolidfoundationinsubjectslikemathematics,science,andlanguages.Forexample,astudentinterestedinlawmusthaveastronggraspoflanguageandlogic,whicharedevelopedthroughliteratureandphilosophycourses.Similarly,medicalstudentsbenefitfromtheirbackgroundinbiologyandchemistry,subjectsthataretraditionallyemphasizedinschools.Practicalskillsareundoubtedlyimportant,buttheyareoftenmoreeffectivelytaughtinspecializedvocationalprogramsorthroughonlinecourses.Traditionaleducationprovidesabroaderand