2026年金融專業(yè)英語詞匯測(cè)試與翻譯練習(xí)一、選擇題（共10題，每題2分，合計(jì)20分）1.Thecompany's[C]strategyforinternationalexpansioninvolvesacquiringlocalfirmsinemergingmarkets.A.aggressiveB.conservativeC.diversifiedD.reactive2.The[A]ratedeterminedbytheFederalReserveinfluencesborrowingcostsacrosstheeconomy.A.federalfundsB.primeC.LIBORD.treasury3.A[B]isafinancialinstrumentthatgivestheholdertheright,butnottheobligation,tobuyorsellanassetatapredeterminedprice.A.futurescontractB.optionC.warrantD.swap4.The[D]marketiswheregovernmentsissuedebtsecuritiestofundpublicexpenditures.A.equityB.foreignexchangeC.derivativesD.bond5.The[C]ratiomeasuresacompany'sabilitytomeetshort-termobligationswithitscurrentassets.A.debt-to-equityB.price-to-earningsC.currentD.returnonequity6.A[A]isamutualfundthatinvestsinadiversifiedportfolioofstocksandbondstominimizerisk.A.balancedfundB.growthfundC.indexfundD.sectorfund7.The[B]isaglobalbenchmarkindexthattrackstheperformanceof50largecompanieslistedontheLondonStockExchange.A.DowJonesIndustrialAverageB.FTSE100C.S&P500D.Nikkei2258.A[C]isaderivativecontractwheretwopartiesagreetoexchangecashflowsbasedontheperformanceofanunderlyingasset.A.futurescontractB.forwardcontractC.swapD.option9.The[A]isasystemofinternationaltraderulesagreeduponbymembercountriestoreducetariffsandothertradebarriers.A.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)B.NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)C.EuropeanUnion(EU)D.AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)10.A[D]isafinancialstatementthatshowsacompany'sfinancialpositionataspecificpointintime.A.incomestatementB.cashflowstatementC.statementofretainedearningsD.balancesheet二、填空題（共10題，每題2分，合計(jì)20分）1.The[interest]ratesetbythecentralbankdirectlyaffectsthecostofborrowingintheeconomy.2.A[bond]isadebtinstrumentwheretheissuerpromisestopaytheholderperiodicinterestandtheprincipalatmaturity.3.The[derivative]marketincludesfinancialinstrumentslikefutures,options,andswaps.4.The[balancesheet]providesasnapshotofacompany'sassets,liabilities,andshareholders'equity.5.A[currentratio]isaliquiditymeasurethatevaluatesacompany'sabilitytomeetshort-termobligations.6.The[FTSE100]isamajorstockmarketindexintheUnitedKingdom.7.A[mutualfund]poolsmoneyfrommultipleinvestorstoinvestinadiversifiedportfolioofsecurities.8.The[WTO]facilitatesinternationaltradebyestablishingrulesandresolvingtradedisputes.9.An[option]givestheholdertheright,butnottheobligation,tobuyorsellanunderlyingassetatafixedprice.10.The[debt-to-equityratio]measuresacompany'sfinancialleveragebycomparingitstotaldebttoshareholders'equity.三、翻譯題（共5題，每題4分，合計(jì)20分）1.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thecentralbank'smonetarypolicyaimstocontrolinflationandstabilizetheeconomy."2.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"公司通過發(fā)行股票籌集資金，以擴(kuò)大其業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模。"3.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thederivativesmarketprovidesinvestorswithtoolstohedgeriskandspeculateonpricemovements."4.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"該銀行提供的mortgageloanhasafixedinterestrateforthefirstfiveyears."5.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thebalancesheetshowsthatthecompanyhassignificantliquidityduetoitslargecashreserves."四、簡答題（共5題，每題4分，合計(jì)20分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweena[bond]anda[stock].2.Whatistheroleofthe[WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)]ininternationaltrade?3.Describethefunctionofa[mutualfund]inthefinancialmarket.4.Whatisthesignificanceofthe[currentratio]foracompany'sfinancialhealth?5.Howdoesthe[interestrate]setbythecentralbankimpacttheeconomy?答案與解析一、選擇題答案與解析1.C.diversified-解析：Diversifiedstrategy（多元化戰(zhàn)略）是指公司通過在不同市場(chǎng)或行業(yè)進(jìn)行投資來降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，符合題意。Aggressive（激進(jìn)）、conservative（保守）、reactive（反應(yīng)式）均與題意不符。2.A.federalfunds-解析：Federalfundsrate（聯(lián)邦基金利率）是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)設(shè)定的短期利率，直接影響銀行間借貸成本，符合題意。Primerate（基準(zhǔn)利率）、LIBOR（倫敦銀行同業(yè)拆借利率）、treasuryrate（國債利率）均與題意不符。3.B.option-解析：Option（期權(quán)）賦予持有人買入或賣出資產(chǎn)的權(quán)利而非義務(wù)，符合題意。Futurescontract（期貨合約）、warrant（認(rèn)股權(quán)證）、swap（互換）均與題意不符。4.D.bond-解析：Bondmarket（債券市場(chǎng)）是政府發(fā)行債券融資的市場(chǎng)，符合題意。Equitymarket（股票市場(chǎng)）、foreignexchangemarket（外匯市場(chǎng)）、derivativesmarket（衍生品市場(chǎng)）均與題意不符。5.C.current-解析：Currentratio（流動(dòng)比率）衡量公司短期償債能力，符合題意。Debt-to-equityratio（資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率）、price-to-earningsratio（市盈率）、returnonequity（凈資產(chǎn)收益率）均與題意不符。6.A.balancedfund-解析：Balancedfund（平衡型基金）投資于股票和債券的組合，旨在平衡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與回報(bào)，符合題意。Growthfund（成長型基金）、indexfund（指數(shù)基金）、sectorfund（行業(yè)基金）均與題意不符。7.B.FTSE100-解析：FTSE100（富時(shí)100指數(shù)）是英國主要股票市場(chǎng)指數(shù)，符合題意。DowJonesIndustrialAverage（道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)）、S&P500（標(biāo)普500指數(shù)）、Nikkei225（日經(jīng)225指數(shù)）均與題意不符。8.C.swap-解析：Swap（互換）是雙方交換現(xiàn)金流的衍生品合約，符合題意。Futurescontract（期貨合約）、forwardcontract（遠(yuǎn)期合約）、option（期權(quán)）均與題意不符。9.A.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)-解析：WTO（世界貿(mào)易組織）致力于降低全球貿(mào)易壁壘，符合題意。NAFTA（北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定）、EU（歐盟）、ASEAN（東盟）均與題意不符。10.D.balancesheet-解析：Balancesheet（資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表）反映公司在特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)的財(cái)務(wù)狀況，符合題意。Incomestatement（利潤表）、cashflowstatement（現(xiàn)金流量表）、statementofretainedearnings（留存收益表）均與題意不符。二、填空題答案與解析1.interest-解析：Interestrate（利率）是中央銀行設(shè)定的關(guān)鍵貨幣政策工具，影響借貸成本，符合題意。2.bond-解析：Bond（債券）是政府或公司發(fā)行的債務(wù)工具，承諾支付利息和本金，符合題意。3.derivative-解析：Derivative（衍生品）是基于標(biāo)的資產(chǎn)價(jià)格變動(dòng)的金融工具，如期貨、期權(quán)等，符合題意。4.balancesheet-解析：Balancesheet（資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表）顯示公司資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債和股東權(quán)益，符合題意。5.currentratio-解析：Currentratio（流動(dòng)比率）衡量公司短期償債能力，符合題意。6.FTSE100-解析：FTSE100（富時(shí)100指數(shù)）是英國主要股票市場(chǎng)指數(shù)，符合題意。7.mutualfund-解析：Mutualfund（共同基金）匯集投資者資金進(jìn)行多元化投資，符合題意。8.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)-解析：WTO（世界貿(mào)易組織）制定國際貿(mào)易規(guī)則，符合題意。9.option-解析：Option（期權(quán)）賦予持有人買賣標(biāo)的資產(chǎn)的權(quán)利，符合題意。10.debt-to-equityratio-解析：Debt-to-equityratio（資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率）衡量公司財(cái)務(wù)杠桿，符合題意。三、翻譯題答案與解析1.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thecentralbank'smonetarypolicyaimstocontrolinflationandstabilizetheeconomy."-答案：央行的貨幣政策旨在控制通貨膨脹并穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)。-解析：Monetarypolicy（貨幣政策）是中央銀行調(diào)控經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要手段，符合金融術(shù)語。2.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"公司通過發(fā)行股票籌集資金，以擴(kuò)大其業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模。"-答案：Thecompanyraisesfundsbyissuingstockstoexpanditsbusinessscale.-解析：Stock（股票）是公司籌集資金的主要方式，符合金融術(shù)語。3.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thederivativesmarketprovidesinvestorswithtoolstohedgeriskandspeculateonpricemovements."-答案：衍生品市場(chǎng)為投資者提供了對(duì)沖風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和投機(jī)價(jià)格波動(dòng)的工具。-解析：Derivativesmarket（衍生品市場(chǎng)）是金融衍生品交易的市場(chǎng)，符合金融術(shù)語。4.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"該銀行提供的mortgageloanhasafixedinterestrateforthefirstfiveyears."-答案：Thebank'smortgageloanhasafixedinterestrateforthefirstfiveyears.-解析：Mortgage（抵押貸款）是購房貸款，符合金融術(shù)語。5.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thebalancesheetshowsthatthecompanyhassignificantliquidityduetoitslargecashreserves."-答案：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表顯示，由于公司擁有大量現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)備，其流動(dòng)性顯著。-解析：Balancesheet（資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表）反映公司財(cái)務(wù)狀況，符合金融術(shù)語。四、簡答題答案與解析1.Explainthedifferencebetweena[bond]anda[stock].-答案：-Bond（債券）：是債務(wù)工具，發(fā)行方承諾