管理英語(yǔ)4期末考試題庫(kù)及答案PartIVocabulary&Structure(30points)SectionAMultipleChoice(15×1=15)Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Thenewly-appointeddirectorinsistedthateveryriskassessment______beforetheprojectwasgreen-lit.A.becompletedB.completedC.completesD.completingAnswer:A解析：insist表示“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形或“should+原形”，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+過(guò)去分詞”。2.Bythetimetheauditorsarrived,thefinanceteam______allsupportingdocuments.A.hadshreddedB.shreddedC.hasshreddedD.willshredAnswer:A解析：bythetime引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。3.Theboard’sresolutionwaspassedwitha______majority;onlytwodirectorsvotedagainstit.A.overwhelmingB.slenderC.reluctantD.ambiguousAnswer:A解析：overwhelmingmajority為固定搭配，意為“壓倒性多數(shù)”。4.Thecomplianceofficerquestionedthemanager______thesuddenspikeinentertainmentexpenses.A.aboutB.forC.withD.toAnswer:A解析：questionsb.aboutsth.為固定搭配。5.Notuntilthewhistle-blower’semailwasmadepublic______theextentofthedataleak.A.theexecutivesrealizedB.didtheexecutivesrealizeC.theexecutiveshadrealizedD.hadtheexecutivesrealizedAnswer:B解析：Notuntil位于句首時(shí)，主句需部分倒裝，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。6.TheHRdirectorprefersthattheshortlistedcandidates______individuallybytheCEO.A.areinterviewedB.beinterviewedC.interviewedD.interviewingAnswer:B解析：preferthat后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞用原形或“should+原形”。7.Thefactorywasshutdownbecauseitfailedto______thenewemissionstandards.A.complywithB.correspondtoC.consistofD.competewithAnswer:A解析：complywith表示“遵守（法規(guī)）”。8.Themarketingteamproposedaguerrillacampaign,______unconventionaltacticstocreatebuzz.A.deployingB.todeployC.deployedD.deployAnswer:A解析：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)主句。9.TheCFO’sforecastwaspredicated______theassumptionthatinterestrateswouldremainstable.A.onB.toC.atD.overAnswer:A解析：predicatedon為固定搭配，意為“基于”。10.Theunionthreatenedtocallastrikeunlessthecompany______a5%payrise.A.grantedB.grantsC.willgrantD.isgrantingAnswer:A解析：unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，但主句為過(guò)去時(shí)，故從句也用過(guò)去時(shí)。11.Thestartup’svaluationsoaredaftertheventurecapitalfirminjecteda______roundoffunding.A.series-BB.serial-BC.B-seriesD.B-serialAnswer:A解析：series-B為行業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，指第二輪融資。12.Themanagertriedto______thetensionbycrackingajokebeforethenegotiationbegan.A.alleviateB.exaggerateC.accumulateD.dedicateAnswer:A解析：alleviatetension為常見(jiàn)搭配。13.Theauditor’sreportwashighly______oftheinternalcontrolenvironment.A.criticalB.criticC.criticismD.criticallyAnswer:A解析：becriticalof表示“對(duì)……持批評(píng)態(tài)度”。14.Thecompany’sgenerousmaternityleavepolicyisoften______asabestpracticeintheindustry.A.citedB.recitedC.excitedD.incitedAnswer:A解析：cite...as...表示“引用……作為……”。15.TheCEOdemandeda______analysisofwhytheproductlaunchhadmisfired.A.post-mortemB.post-modernC.post-datedD.post-industrialAnswer:A解析：post-mortemanalysis為管理學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，指“事后剖析”。SectionBCloze(15×1=15)Fillineachblankwiththebestwordderivedfromthewordgiveninparentheses.Theboardmeetingwas(16)______(fracture)bydisagreementsoverESGtargets.16.fractured解析：過(guò)去分詞作形容詞，表示“分裂的”。Investorsgrew(17)______(patient)withtheslowpaceofdecarbonization.17.impatient解析：前綴im表示否定。TheCOO’sspeechwas(18)______(note)foritscandoraboutsupply-chainbottlenecks.18.notable解析：形容詞作表語(yǔ)。Thefirmwasaccusedofbeing(19)______(transparent)aboutitscarbonfootprint.19.non-transparent/opaque解析：形容詞形式，表示“不透明的”。A(20)______(strategy)alliancewithatechgiantboostedtheretailer’sdigitalcapabilities.20.strategic解析：形容詞修飾名詞alliance。Thewhistle-blower’sidentityremained(21)______(close)guardedbytheauditcommittee.21.closely解析：副詞修飾過(guò)去分詞guarded。TheCFO’sresignationwas(22)______(deny)relatedtotheaccountingirregularities.22.undeniably解析：副詞形式，表示“不可否認(rèn)地”。Thefactoryclosurewill(23)______(large)affecttheregionaleconomy.23.largely解析：副詞修飾動(dòng)詞affect。Thenewpolicyaimsto(24)______(simple)procurementprocedures.24.simplify解析：動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。Theboardresolvedto(25)______(category)suppliersbasedonESGperformance.25.categorize解析：動(dòng)詞原形，與to構(gòu)成不定式。Themanager’s(26)______(apologize)letterwaspublishedontheintranet.26.apologetic解析：形容詞修飾名詞letter。Thedatawas(27)______(error)enteredintothespreadsheet,causingmassiveoverbilling.27.erroneously解析：副詞修飾動(dòng)詞entered。Theregulatorimposeda(28)______(punish)fineonthebank.28.punitive解析：形容詞修飾名詞fine。TheCEOemphasizedtheneedfor(29)______(culture)changeacrosstheorganization.29.cultural解析：形容詞修飾名詞change。Thecommitteestressedthatthereportmustbe(30)______(company)byempiricalevidence.30.accompanied解析：過(guò)去分詞作謂語(yǔ)，beaccompaniedby為固定搭配。PartIIReadingComprehension(40points)SectionAMultipleChoice(4passages×5questions×2=40)Passage1WhenUnileverannounceditwoulddivestitsteadivision,analystswerestunned.The€9billioncarve-out,code-named“ProjectAtlas,”hadbeenshroudedinsecrecy.Internaldocumentsrevealthattheboard’sdecisionwascatalyzedbya300-basis-pointcontractioninEBITmargincausedbyrisingAfricanwagesanda17%currencydevaluationinPakistan.Ratherthanoptingforatradesale,UnileverchoseanIPO-plus-staple-financingstructuretocrystallizevaluewhileretaininga35%minoritystake.Thespin-off’sprospectusdisclosedthat42%ofrevenuewasstillgeneratedfrombrick-and-mortaroutletsintier-3Indiancities,astatisticthatclashedwiththeconglomerate’s“digital-first”narrative.Investorsfrettedaboutstrandedassets,yettheroadshow’sanchorbookwas4.2×oversubscribedwithin36hours,thankstoacraftydividendrecapthatboostedIRRopticsto19.4%.31.Whatprimarilytriggeredtheboard’sdecisiontodivesttheteadivision?A.Afaileddigitaltransformationprogram.B.MargincompressionlinkedtowageinflationandFXlosses.C.RegulatorypressureintheEuropeanUnion.D.Ahostiletakeoverbid.Answer:B解析：文中明確提到EBITmargincontraction由Africanwages和PKRdevaluation導(dǎo)致。32.Thephrase“crystallizevalue”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.freezeassetsB.unlockhiddenvalueC.impairgoodwillD.defertaxesAnswer:B解析：crystallizevalue為投行術(shù)語(yǔ)，意為“變現(xiàn)潛在價(jià)值”。33.Whywereinvestorsinitiallyanxiousaboutthespin-off?A.Fearofstrandedassets.B.Highleverageratios.C.Managementattrition.D.Pendinglitigation.Answer:A解析：文中“Investorsfrettedaboutstrandedassets”直接對(duì)應(yīng)。34.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTpartofUnilever’sdivestiturestructure?A.Minorityretention.B.Tradesale.C.IPO.D.Staplefinancing.Answer:B解析：文中說(shuō)“Ratherthanoptingforatradesale”，故B未采用。35.Theoversubscriptionoftheanchorbookisattributedto______.A.aggressivecostcuttingB.adividendrecapenhancingIRRC.ESGscoringupgradesD.abuybackguaranteeAnswer:B解析：文中“thankstoacraftydividendrecapthatboostedIRRoptics”直接說(shuō)明原因。Passage2Theriseof“productivityparanoia”inhybridworkplaceshasledMicrosofttoembedAI-driven“productivityscores”intoitsVivaplatform.Yetcriticsarguethesemetricsconflatevisibilitywithvalue.Alongitudinalstudyof4,200knowledgeworkersfoundthatemployeeswiththehighestscoreswere23%morelikelytoexhibitburnoutsymptoms,whileactualcreativeoutput—measuredbypeer-reviewedpatents—declined8%.Thealgorithmweightskeyboardcadenceandmeetingacceptancerates,butignoresasynchronouscontributionssuchasdocumentedmentorship.Ethicistswarnofafeedbackloop:workersgamethedashboardbystayingonline,whichinflatesbaselinemetrics,promptingmanagerstoraisequotasfurther.TheEU’sdraftAIActclassifiessuchsystemsas“high-risk,”mandatingalgorithmicimpactassessments.36.Whatisthemaincriticismofproductivity-scoredashboards?A.TheyviolateGDPRencryptionstandards.B.Theyequatebeingvisiblewithbeingvaluable.C.Theyincreasesoftwarelicensingfees.D.Theydiscouragesynchronouscommunication.Answer:B解析：首段“conflatevisibilitywithvalue”直接對(duì)應(yīng)。37.Thestudydiscoveredthathigh-scoringemployees______.A.filedmorepatentsB.experiencedhigherburnoutC.tooklongervacationsD.requestedfewertoolsAnswer:B解析：文中“23%morelikelytoexhibitburnoutsymptoms”。38.Whichworkeractivityisundervaluedbythealgorithm?A.KeyboardcadenceB.MeetingacceptanceC.MentorshipdocumentationD.ChatresponsetimeAnswer:C解析：文中“ignoresasynchronouscontributionssuchasdocumentedmentorship”。39.TheEU’sdraftAIActwillrequirecompaniesto______.A.payalgorithmicroyaltiesB.conductimpactassessmentsC.open-sourcetheircodeD.hireunionliaisonsAnswer:B解析：末句“mandatingalgorithmicimpactassessments”。40.Thepassageimpliesthatproductivityparanoia______.A.boostspatentfilingsB.createsaviciouscycleC.reducesITcostsD.fostersasynchronousworkAnswer:B解析：feedbackloop即“惡性循環(huán)”。Passage3Green-washinglitigationissurging.In2022alone,42class-actionsuitstargeted“net-zero”pledgesdeemed“misleading.”Plaintiffsnowdeployadvancedattributionmodelstolinkcorporateemissionstoextremeweatherdamages.Anoveldoctrine—“foreseeableclimaterisk”—hasbeenimportedfromsecuritieslaw.InSmithv.MegaOil,thecourtacceptedadifferentialclimateattributionstudyshowingthat0.7%ofHurricaneEta’sdamageswerestatisticallytraceabletothedefendant’sScope-3emissions.Therulinghingedonthe“materiality”standard:investorswouldhaveviewedtheomissionoftheserisksassignificant.DefenseattorneyscounterthatsuchprobabilisticevidencefailstheDaubertstandard,yetjurieshaveawardedpunitivedamagesaveraging3.2×compensatoryamounts.41.Whatlegalconceptisbeingrepurposedtosuecorporationsoverclimatepledges?A.ForcemajeureB.ForeseeableclimateriskC.ResipsaloquiturD.StaredecisisAnswer:B解析：文中明確提到“foreseeableclimaterisk”。42.TheSmithv.MegaOilcasewasgroundbreakingbecausethecourt______.A.rejectedstatisticalevidenceB.acceptedattributionscienceC.cappedpunitivedamagesD.decertifiedtheclassAnswer:B解析：法院接受了attributionstudy。43.Whatmetricdetermineswhetheranemissionomissionisactionable?A.MaterialityB.MarketcapC.CarbonintensityD.ESGratingAnswer:A解析：文中“materialitystandard”。44.Defenselawyersarguethatattributionmodels______.A.violateantitrustlawB.donotmeetDaubertstandardsC.inflatestockpricesD.ignoreScope1emissionsAnswer:B解析：文中“failtheDaubertstandard”。45.Theaveragepunitive-to-compensatorydamageratiointhesecasesis______.A.1:1B.2:1C.3.2:1D.4.5:1Answer:C解析：末句直接給出3.2×。Passage4Dynamicpricingalgorithmshavemigratedfromairlinestogroceryaisles.A2023studyanalyzed1.8millionSKU-day-storeobservationsacross212supermarkets.Resultsshowedthatalgorithmictagsadjustedpricesevery9.4minutesonaverage,exploitingmicro-weathershocks:a1°Ctemperatureriseabove24°Cliftedstrawberryprices1.7%within30minutes.Consumersurpluserosionwasestimatedat3.4%ofbasketvalueforlow-incomeshoppers,wholackthedigitalliteracytotimepurchases.Regulatorsaredebatinga“algorithmic-pricingcooling-offperiod”of120minutes,modeledaftercircuitbreakersinequitymarkets.Retailersretortthatfrequentrepricingreducesfoodwasteby11%,asocialbenefitthatoutweighsdistributionalconcerns.46.Whattriggersthefastestpriceadjustmentsinthestudy?A.CompetitorflyersB.Micro-weatherchangesC.FuelcostsD.UnionnegotiationsAnswer:B解析：文中“exploitingmicro-weathershocks”。47.Low-incomeshopperssufferbecausethey______.A.buysmallerbasketsB.cannottimepurchasesC.preferorganicproduceD.distrustloyaltyappsAnswer:B解析：文中“l(fā)ackthedigitalliteracytotimepurchases”。48.Theproposedcooling-offperiodisinspiredby______.A.airlineyieldmanagementB.equitycircuitbreakersC.agriculturalsubsidiesD.lotterysystemsAnswer:B解析：文中“modeledaftercircuitbreakersinequitymarkets”。49.Retailersjustifydynamicpricingbyciting______.A.higherprofitmarginsB.reducedfoodwasteC.lowerlaborcostsD.supplierrebatesAnswer:B解析：文中“reducesfoodwasteby11%”。50.Theauthor’sattitudetowarddynamicpricingingroceriesis______.A.laudatoryB.neutralC.criticalD.jocularAnswer:C解析：雖然提到減少浪費(fèi)，但重點(diǎn)在于消費(fèi)者剩余被侵蝕，隱含批評(píng)。PartIIITranslation(10points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.請(qǐng)將下文譯成英文。在“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)”時(shí)代，企業(yè)必須重新思考如何將與非傳統(tǒng)雇員的互動(dòng)制度化。與其將這些工作者視為可替代的資源，不如建立“人才云”平臺(tái)，通過(guò)技能標(biāo)簽和動(dòng)態(tài)項(xiàng)目匹配，把外部人才轉(zhuǎn)化為可持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。此舉不僅稀釋了固定人力成本，還注入了跨行業(yè)的創(chuàng)新基因，從而提升組織的韌性。Inthegig-economyera,corporationsmustreinventhowtheyinstitutionalizeinteractionswithnon-traditionalworkers.Ratherthantreatingsuchlaborasfungibleresources,firmsoughttobuild“talent-cloud”platformsthatconvertexternalexpertiseintoadurablecompetitiveedgethroughskill-tagg