2026年語言類專業(yè)四八級詞匯及語法試題一、詞匯選擇題（共20題，每題1分，計20分）說明：下列每題均有四個選項，請選擇最符合句意的一項。1.Thelocalmuseumoffersa______displayofancientartifactsthatdatesbacktotheHanDynasty.A.temporaryB.permanentC.seasonalD.thematic2.Despitethe______weatherconditions,thehikingtripwassuccessfullycompletedbyallparticipants.A.favorableB.unfavorableC.moderateD.unpredictable3.Thelinguisticsprofessoremphasizedtheimportanceof______inunderstandingtheevolutionofChinesedialects.A.etymologyB.syntaxC.phonologyD.semantics4.Duringthelanguageworkshop,thestudentswereencouragedto______theircreativewritingskillsthroughpracticalexercises.A.refineB.diminishC.neglectD.overlook5.Theancientmanuscriptwaswrittenin______calligraphy,whichrequiredyearsofpracticetomaster.A.modernB.traditionalC.contemporaryD.experimental6.Thesociolinguiststudiedhow______influencesthewaypeoplespeakindifferentsocialcontexts.A.geographyB.economicsC.educationD.politics7.Thetranslationoftheclassicalnovelwaspraisedforits______accuracyinconveyingtheoriginalauthor'sintent.A.marginalB.preciseC.vagueD.inconsistent8.Thelanguageteacherused______techniquestomakethegrammarlessonmoreengagingforthestudents.A.passiveB.activeC.repetitiveD.passive9.Thedictionaryentryfortheword"aberration"includesits______invariouslinguisticcontexts.A.etymologyB.synonymC.antonymD.usage10.Theanthropologistdocumentedthe______ofthe少數(shù)民族languageamongyoungergenerations.A.declineB.growthC.preservationD.modification11.Thelanguagecoursewasdesignedtoimprovestudents'______inbothspokenandwrittencommunication.A.fluencyB.proficiencyC.flexibilityD.complexity12.Theresearcheranalyzedthe______betweenthestandardMandarinandregionaldialects.A.similaritiesB.differencesC.intersectionsD.contradictions13.Thelinguistarguedthatlanguageacquisitionisheavilyinfluencedbythelearner's______environment.A.naturalB.artificialC.culturalD.educational14.Thehistoricaltextwaswrittenin______language,makingitchallengingformodernreaderstocomprehend.A.archaicB.colloquialC.vernacularD.technical15.Thelanguagepolicypromotedtheuseof______topreserveculturalidentityinmultilingualsocieties.A.regionaldialectsB.standardizedlanguagesC.minoritylanguagesD.artificiallanguages16.Thephoneticianstudiedthe______ofvowelsintheMandarinpronunciationsystem.A.variationB.consistencyC.mutationD.reduction17.Thelanguagetextbookincludedachapteronthe______ofEnglishidiomsandtheirculturalsignificance.A.originB.derivationC.evolutionD.transformation18.Thesociolinguistobservedhowsocialstatusaffectedthe______oflanguageuseinthecommunity.A.prestigeB.discriminationC.degradationD.modification19.Theetymologisttracedtheword"democracy"backtoits______rootsinancientGreek.A.LatinB.EgyptianC.IndianD.European20.Thelanguagecourseemphasizedtheimportanceof______toavoidmisunderstandingsincross-culturalcommunication.A.empathyB.aggressionC.indifferenceD.arrogance二、語法填空題（共10題，每題2分，計20分）說明：下列句子留有空白，請根據(jù)句意和語法規(guī)則填入最合適的詞。1.Thelinguisticstudyaimstoexplorethe______relationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.2.Despitethe______challenges,theteammanagedtocompletetheresearchprojectontime.3.Theancientscriptrequiresspecializedknowledgeto______accurately.4.Thesociolinguistnotedthesignificant______inlanguageusebetweenurbanandruralareas.5.Thetranslationofthelegaldocumentmustbe______toensureitslegalvalidity.6.Thelanguagecourseprovidesstudentswithopportunitiesto______theirspeakingskillsthroughrole-playing.7.Theanthropologistdocumentedthe______oftheindigenouslanguageamongyoungergenerations.8.Thephoneticiananalyzedthe______ofconsonantsintheMandarinpronunciationsystem.9.Thelinguistarguedthatlanguageacquisitionisheavilyinfluencedbythelearner's______environment.10.Thehistoricaltextwaswrittenin______language,makingitdifficultformodernreaderstounderstand.三、改錯題（共10題，每題2分，計20分）說明：下列句子中各有一處錯誤，請指出錯誤并改正。1.Thelinguisticresearchprovidesvaluableinsightsintothedevelopmentofhumanlanguage.2.Despitethedifficultsituation,theycontinuetoworkhardontheirlanguagestudies.3.TheancientmanuscriptcontainsawealthofinformationaboutthehistoryoftheChineselanguage.4.Thesociolinguistobservedthesignificantdifferencesbetweenthelanguageuseofmenandwomen.5.Thetranslationofthelegaldocumentmustbeaccuratetoensureitslegaleffect.6.Thelanguagecourseoffersstudentsachancetoimprovetheircommunicationskills.7.Theanthropologistdocumentedthedeclineofthe少數(shù)民族languageamongyoungergenerations.8.ThephoneticiananalyzedthevariationofvowelsintheMandarinpronunciationsystem.9.Thelinguistarguedthatlanguageacquisitionisheavilyinfluencedbythelearner'sculturalenvironment.10.Thehistoricaltextwaswritteninarchaiclanguage,makingitchallengingformodernreaderstounderstand.四、句子改寫題（共5題，每題3分，計15分）說明：請根據(jù)原句意思，改寫下列句子，不得改變句意。1.Thelinguisticstudyaimstoexploretherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.→______2.Despitethechallenges,theteammanagedtocompletetheresearchprojectontime.→______3.Theancientscriptrequiresspecializedknowledgetoreadaccurately.→______4.Thesociolinguistnotedthesignificantdifferencesinlanguageusebetweenurbanandruralareas.→______5.Thetranslationofthelegaldocumentmustbeaccuratetoensureitslegalvalidity.→______五、完形填空題（共10題，每題2分，計20分）說明：下列短文中有十個空白，請根據(jù)上下文選擇最合適的詞填入。Thestudyoflanguageisacomplexandfascinatingfieldthat(1)______intovarioussubdisciplines,eachofferinguniqueinsightsintothenatureofhumancommunication.Linguistics(2)______thestructure,function,andevolutionoflanguage,whilesociolinguisticsexamineshowlanguage(3)______indifferentsocialcontexts.ThehistoryoftheChineselanguage(4)______withthedevelopmentofChinesecivilization,makingitarichsubjectforlinguisticresearch.Thephonetician(5)______thesoundsofMandarin,whilethegrammariananalyzestherulesthatgovernitsstructure.Thetranslationofclassicaltexts(6)______adeepunderstandingofboththesourceandtargetlanguages.Thestudyofdialects(7)______thediversityoflanguageuseacrossdifferentregions.Thepreservationofminoritylanguages(8)______acriticalissueinmaintainingculturaldiversity.Finally,theapplicationoflinguistictheories(9)______invariousfields,suchaseducation,psychology,andartificialintelligence.(10)______,thestudyoflanguagecontinuestoevolve,offeringnewperspectivesonhumancognitionandcommunication.1.A.divides2.A.involves3.A.varies4.A.traces5.A.records6.A.requires7.A.highlights8.A.remains9.A.finds10.A.Thus答案及解析一、詞匯選擇題1.B2.B3.A4.A5.B6.A7.B8.B9.D10.A11.B12.B13.C14.A15.C16.A17.C18.A19.D20.A解析：1.permanent（永久的）最符合句意，指博物館的展覽是長期的。2.unfavorable（不利的）最符合句意，指天氣條件不好。3.etymology（詞源學）最符合句意，指研究漢語方言的詞源。4.refine（提高）最符合句意，指通過練習提高寫作技能。5.traditional（傳統(tǒng)的）最符合句意，指古代手抄本使用傳統(tǒng)書法。6.geography（地理）最符合句意，指地域如何影響語言使用。7.precise（精確的）最符合句意，指翻譯的準確性。8.active（積極的）最符合句意，指教師使用積極的教學技巧。9.usage（用法）最符合句意，指詞典解釋單詞在各種語境中的用法。10.decline（衰落）最符合句意，指少數(shù)民族語言在年輕一代中的衰落。11.proficiency（熟練程度）最符合句意，指口語和書面溝通的熟練程度。12.differences（差異）最符合句意，指標準普通話和方言之間的差異。13.cultural（文化的）最符合句意，指文化環(huán)境對語言習得的影響。14.archaic（古語的）最符合句意，指古代文本使用古語。15.minoritylanguages（少數(shù)民族語言）最符合句意，指保護文化認同的語言政策。16.variation（變化）最符合句意，指元音在普通話發(fā)音系統(tǒng)中的變化。17.evolution（演變）最符合句意，指英語習語的文化意義及其演變。18.prestige（聲望）最符合句意，指社會地位如何影響語言使用。19.European（歐洲的）最符合句意，指“democracy”詞源與古希臘。20.empathy（同理心）最符合句意，指避免跨文化溝通誤解的重要性。二、語法填空題1.intrinsic2.unforeseen3.decipher4.variation5.verbatim6.hone7.erosion8.distribution9.linguistic10.archaic解析：1.intrinsic（內在的）最符合句意，指語言與思維之間的內在關系。2.unforeseen（未預見的）最符合句意，指盡管面臨未預見的挑戰(zhàn)。3.decipher（破譯）最符合句意，指破譯古代文本需要專業(yè)知識。4.variation（差異）最符合句意，指社會語言學家觀察到城鄉(xiāng)語言差異。5.verbatim（逐字地）最符合句意，指翻譯法律文件必須逐字準確。6.hone（磨練）最符合句意，指角色扮演機會幫助磨練口語技能。7.erosion（侵蝕）最符合句意，指少數(shù)民族語言在年輕一代中的侵蝕。8.distribution（分布）最符合句意，指輔音在普通話發(fā)音系統(tǒng)中的分布。9.linguistic（語言的）最符合句意，指語言習得受語言環(huán)境影響。10.archaic（古語的）最符合句意，指古語文本使現(xiàn)代讀者難以理解。三、改錯題1.錯誤：provides→提供了改正：provides→provides說明：句子語法正確。2.錯誤：difficult→困難的改正：difficult→difficult說明：句子語法正確。3.錯誤：contains→包含改正：contains→contains說明：句子語法正確。4.錯誤：observed→觀察到改正：observed→observed說明：句子語法正確。5.錯誤：accurate→準確的改正：accurate→accurate說明：句子語法正確。6.錯誤：offers→提供了改正：offers→offers說明：句子語法正確。7.錯誤：decline→衰落改正：decline→decline說明：句子語法正確。8.錯誤：variation→變化改正：variation→variation說明：句子語法正確。9.錯誤：cultural→語言的改正：cultural→cultural說明：句子語法正確。10.錯誤：challenging→挑戰(zhàn)的改正：challenging→challenging說明：句子語法正確。四、句子改寫題1.Toexploretherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought,thelinguisticstudyaims______.→Thelinguisticstudyaimstoexploretherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.2.Theteammanagedtocompletetheresearchprojectontimedespitethechallenges______.→Despitethechallenges,theteammanagedtocompletetheresearchprojecton