第06講新課學(xué)習(xí)必修第三冊Unit4（課文學(xué)習(xí)&知識講解）模塊一思維導(dǎo)圖串知識模塊二基礎(chǔ)知識全梳理模塊三教材習(xí)題學(xué)解題模塊四核心考點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)練模塊五小試牛刀過關(guān)測1.VocabularyMasterwordslike"determined","launch"forspacetopic.2.SentencePatternsGrasp"make+obj.+obj.complement"and"notonly...butalso".3.GrammarUnderstandinfinitiveasattrib.&adverbialinspacecontext.4.CulturalAwarenessKnowspaceexploration'ssignificanceandchallenges.高頻詞匯1. determined（有決心的；意志堅(jiān)定的）用法：常用于“bedeterminedtodosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“決心做某事”。例句：Sheisdeterminedtobecomeafamoussinger.（她決心成為一名著名歌手。）拓展：其動詞形式“determine”，有“查明；確定；決定”之意，如“determinetodosth.”（決定做某事），“determineonsth.”（決定某事）。例如：Hedeterminedtostudyharder.（他決定更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。）名詞形式“determination”表示“決心；測定；決定”。2. launch（發(fā)射；發(fā)起；上市）用法：可作及物動詞，如“l(fā)aunchasatellite”（發(fā)射衛(wèi)星），“l(fā)aunchanewproduct”（推出新產(chǎn)品）；也可作名詞，如“thelaunchofaspaceship”（一艘宇宙飛船的發(fā)射）。例句：Thecompanywilllaunchanewadvertisingcampaignnextmonth.（公司下個月將發(fā)起一場新的廣告宣傳活動。）拓展：相關(guān)短語“l(fā)aunchinto”表示“開始（做某事）；投入（某活動）”，例如：Helaunchedintoalongspeechabouthisplans.（他開始長篇大論地講述他的計(jì)劃。）3. disappointed（失望的；沮喪的）用法：常見搭配有“bedisappointedtodosth.”（對做某事感到失望），“bedisappointedat/bysth.”（對某事物感到失望），“bedisappointedwith/insb./sth.”（對某人/某事物感到失望），“bedisappointedthat...”（對……感到失望）。例句：IwasdisappointedtohearthatIdidn'tgetthejob.（聽到我沒有得到那份工作，我很失望。）拓展：動詞“disappoint”表示“使失望”，形容詞“disappointing”表示“令人失望的”，名詞“disappointment”表示“失望”，如“toone'sdisappointment”（令某人失望的是）。例如：Themoviewasdisappointing.（這部電影令人失望。）4. desire（渴望；欲望；渴望；期望）用法：作名詞時，有“a/thedesirefor...”（對……的渴望），“a/thedesiretodosth.”（對做某事的渴望）；作動詞時，“desiretodosth.”（渴望做某事），“desiresb.todosth.”（渴望某人做某事）。例句：Hehasastrongdesireforknowledge.（他有強(qiáng)烈的求知欲。）Shedesirestotravelaroundtheworld.（她渴望環(huán)游世界。）拓展：形容詞“desirable”表示“理想的，可取的”，例如：Itisdesirabletohaveagoodeducation.（有良好的教育是可取的。）5. carryon（繼續(xù)做，堅(jiān)持干）用法：可接名詞或動詞-ing形式，如“carryonaconversation”（繼續(xù)交談），“carryonworking”（繼續(xù)工作）；也可用于“carryonwithsth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，如“carryonwiththeproject”（繼續(xù)這個項(xiàng)目）。例句：Despitethedifficulties,theycarriedonwiththeirresearch.（盡管困難重重，他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)他們的研究。）拓展：其近義詞組有“keepon”“goon”等，但“carryon”更強(qiáng)調(diào)堅(jiān)持、持續(xù)做某事。例如：Keepontryingandyouwillsucceed.（繼續(xù)努力，你會成功的。）6. independently（獨(dú)立地；自立地）用法：副詞，用于修飾動詞，表示“獨(dú)立地做某事”，如“thinkindependently”（獨(dú)立思考），“actindependently”（獨(dú)立行動）。例句：Thechildrenarelearningtodothingsindependently.（孩子們正在學(xué)習(xí)獨(dú)立做事。）拓展：形容詞“independent”表示“獨(dú)立的；自主的；自立的；不相關(guān)的；不受影響的”，常見搭配有“beindependentfrom/of”（國家從……獨(dú)立），“beindependentof”（不依賴……；不受……的影響；與……不相關(guān)）。名詞“independence”表示“獨(dú)立”，例如：Thecountrygaineditsindependencein1949.（這個國家在1949年獲得獨(dú)立。）7. signal（標(biāo)志著；標(biāo)明；發(fā)信號；示意；信號；標(biāo)志）用法：作動詞時，“signaltosb.”（向某人示意），“signal(to)sb.todosth.”（示意某人做某事），“sendoutasignal”（發(fā)出信號）；作名詞時，“trafficsignals”（交通信號燈）等。例句：Theteachersignalledtothestudentstobequiet.（老師示意學(xué)生們安靜。）Aredlightisasignaltostop.（紅燈是停止的信號。）拓展：相關(guān)短語“signalout”表示“指出；使突出”，例如：Thereportsignalledoutthekeyproblems.（報告指出了關(guān)鍵問題。）8. soasto（為了；以便）用法：表目的，通常不置于句首，其否定形式是在to前加not，即“soasnottodo...”。例句：Hegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.（他早起是為了趕上第一班公共汽車。）拓展：近義詞組有“inorderto”“sothat”“inorderthat”等。“inorderto”在句中作目的狀語，可置于句首或句末，置于句末時可與“soasto”互換；“inorderthat”“sothat”可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中常有情態(tài)動詞can、may、could、might等，當(dāng)主句的主語和從句的主語一致時，“inorderthat”“sothat”可以和“inorderto”“soasto”互換。例如：Hestudieshardinordertogetgoodgrades.=Hestudieshardsoastogetgoodgrades.=Hestudieshardinorderthathecangetgoodgrades.=Hestudieshardsothathecangetgoodgrades.（他努力學(xué)習(xí)為了取得好成績。）9. lack（缺乏；短缺；沒有；缺乏）用法：作名詞時，“(a/the)lackof...”（缺少……），“forlackof”（由于缺少……）；作動詞時，“l(fā)acksth.”（缺少某物）。例句：Theplantsdiedforlackofwater.（這些植物因缺水而死。）Helacksconfidence.（他缺乏信心。）拓展：形容詞“l(fā)acking”表示“欠缺的；缺乏的”，常用搭配“belackingin”（缺乏……），例如：Thedietislackinginnutrition.（這種飲食缺乏營養(yǎng)。）10. figureout（弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白）用法：后接wh-/how...，表示“弄清楚/計(jì)算出……”，如“figureoutaproblem”（解決一個問題），“figureouthowtodosth.”（弄明白如何做某事）。例句：Ican'tfigureoutwhathemeans.（我不明白他的意思。）拓展：動詞“figure”還有“計(jì)算；認(rèn)為”之意，名詞“figure”有“數(shù)字；人物；身材；雕像”等意思。相關(guān)短語有“breakout”（戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)難等爆發(fā)；突然開始），“bringout”（使顯現(xiàn)；出版；生產(chǎn)），“giveout”（發(fā)出，放出熱、光等；分發(fā)；用完；耗盡），“l(fā)eaveout”（遺漏，不包括），“pickout”（精心挑選；辨別出），“turnout”（制造；生產(chǎn)；原來是；結(jié)果是）等。例如：Thewarbrokeoutin1939.（戰(zhàn)爭在1939年爆發(fā)。）11. argue（論證；爭辯；爭論）用法：“argue(withsb.)about/oversth.”（為某事物與某人爭論/爭吵），“argueagainst/for(doing)sth.”（陳述理由反對/支持做某事），“arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.”（說服某人做/不做某事），“arguethat...”（主張……）。例句：Theyarguedwitheachotheraboutthebestwaytosolvetheproblem.（他們就解決問題的最佳方法相互爭論。）Hearguedfortheimportanceofeducation.（他論證了教育的重要性。）拓展：名詞“argument”表示“爭論；論點(diǎn)；論據(jù)”，常見搭配有“haveanargumentwithsb.about/oversth.”（就某事物與某人發(fā)生爭吵），“getintoanargumentwith...”（和……爭吵起來）。表示“說服/勸說某人做某事”的搭配還有“persuadesb.intodoingsth./todosth.”“talksb.intodoingsth.”“advisesb.todosth.”等。例如：Theyhadanargumentovermoney.（他們?yōu)殄X爭吵。）12. resultin（導(dǎo)致；造成）用法：后接結(jié)果，表示“導(dǎo)致……的結(jié)果”，如“resultinatrafficjam”（導(dǎo)致交通堵塞），“resultinfailure”（導(dǎo)致失敗）。例句：Hiscarelessnessresultedintheaccident.（他的粗心導(dǎo)致了這次事故。）拓展：“resultfrom”表示“因……發(fā)生；隨……產(chǎn)生”，例如：Hissuccessresultedfromhishardwork.（他的成功源于他的努力工作。）相關(guān)短語還有“asaresultof”（由于……），“asaresult”（結(jié)果）。表示“導(dǎo)致”的短語還有“bringabout”“l(fā)eadto”“contributeto”等。例如：Theheavyraincausedaflood.=Theheavyrainbroughtaboutaflood.=Theheavyrainledtoaflood.=Theheavyraincontributedtoaflood.（大雨導(dǎo)致了洪水。）13. limited（有限的）用法：形容詞，用于描述事物的有限性，如“l(fā)imitedresources”（有限的資源），“alimitedtime”（有限的時間）。例句：Wehavelimitedspaceintheclassroom.（我們教室里的空間有限。）拓展：動詞“l(fā)imit”表示“限制；限定”，常見搭配“l(fā)imit...to...”（把……限制在……內(nèi)，被動語態(tài)belimitedto...），“setalimit”（設(shè)定限度），“thereisa/nolimitto...”（……是有限的/無限的）。形容詞“unlimited”表示“盡量多的；任意多的；無限制的”，“l(fā)imitless”表示“無限的”，名詞“l(fā)imitation”表示“限制；控制；局限”。例如：Thespeedislimitedto60kilometersperhour.（速度被限制在每小時60公里。）14. runout（用完；耗盡）用法：不及物動詞短語，以物作主語，如“Timerunsout.”（時間用完了。）“Ourfoodisrunningout.”（我們的食物快吃完了。）例句：Thepetrolisrunningout.Weneedtofindagasstationsoon.（汽油快用完了。我們需要盡快找到一個加油站。）拓展：近義詞組有“giveout”（表示“用完”時，用法與“runout”相同）；“runoutof”“useup”是及物動詞短語，以人作主語，物作賓語，如“Wehaverunoutofpaper.”（我們的紙用完了。）“Heusedupallhismoney.”（他把所有的錢都花光了。）相關(guān)短語還有“runafter”（追逐；追求），“runacross”（偶然遇到），“runinto”（撞上；遇到困難等；碰到某人）等。例如：Heisrunningafterhisdream.（他在追求他的夢想。）15. attach（系；綁；貼；重視；纏著）用法：“attach...to...”（把……固定/附在……上），“attachimportance/significance/valuetosth.”（認(rèn)為某物重要/有意義/有價值），“attachoneselftosb.”（和某人在一起，纏著某人）。例句：Attachthelabeltothebox.（把標(biāo)簽貼在盒子上。）Parentsattachgreatimportancetotheirchildren'seducation.（父母非常重視孩子的教育。）拓展：形容詞“attached”表示“依戀；附屬于”，常見搭配“beattachedto”（附屬于……；依戀……），名詞“attachment”表示“附屬物；（電子郵件的）附件；喜歡”。例如：Iamveryattachedtomyhometown.（我非常依戀我的家鄉(xiāng)。）重點(diǎn)句型1. make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成：“make+sb./sth.+動詞原形”，表示“讓某人/某物做某事”，例如：TheteachermadethestudentsreadEnglishaloud.（老師讓學(xué)生大聲讀英語。）“make+sb./sth.+過去分詞”，表示“使某人/某物被……”，例如：Hemadehisvoiceheardinthenoisyroom.（他在嘈雜的房間里讓別人聽到了他的聲音。）“make+sb./sth.+形容詞”，表示“使某人/某物……”，例如：Thegoodnewsmadehimhappy.（這個好消息使他高興。）“make+sb./sth.+名詞”，表示“讓某人/某物成為……”，例如：Wemadehimourmonitor.（我們選他當(dāng)班長。）2. notonly...butalso...用法：用于連接兩個并列的成分，意為“不但……而且……”，其中also有時可以省略。例如：Heisnotonlygoodatmathbut(also)goodatEnglish.（他不但擅長數(shù)學(xué)而且擅長英語。）注意事項(xiàng)：若連接兩個分句且notonly位于句首時，notonly所在的分句要用部分倒裝。例如：Notonlydoeshelikereading,buthealsolikeswriting.（他不但喜歡閱讀，而且喜歡寫作。）連接兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近一致”原則，即謂語動詞與butalso后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikesthissong.（不但學(xué)生而且老師都喜歡這首歌。）結(jié)構(gòu)拓展：遵循“就近一致”原則的并列連詞還有“either...or...”（不是……就是……），“not...but...”（不是……而是……），“neither...nor...”（既不……也不……）。例如：Eitheryouorhehastocleantheclassroom.（不是你就是他得打掃教室。）Notyoubutyourbrotheristoblame.（不是你而是你弟弟該受責(zé)備。）NeithermyparentsnorIaminterestedinthismovie.（我父母和我都對這部電影不感興趣。）語法精講1. 不定式作定語1) 位置規(guī)則：不定式作定語時，需放在被修飾詞之后，用來對名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾限定。比如：Ihavealotofworktodo.（我有很多工作要做。）“todo”修飾“work”，明確工作是需要去完成的，且動作尚未發(fā)生。2) 適用情況表示將來動作：常用于表示即將進(jìn)行的動作，像“Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.”（明天要舉行的會議非常重要。）“tobeheldtomorrow”修飾“meeting”，表明會議是明天將要舉行的。中心詞特性：當(dāng)中心詞被序數(shù)詞（如thefirst、thesecond等）、形容詞最高級（如thebest、themostbeautiful等）、thelast、theonly等修飾時，常接不定式作定語。例如“Heistheonlystudenttoanswerthequestioncorrectly.”（他是唯一正確回答問題的學(xué)生。）“toanswerthequestioncorrectly”修飾“theonlystudent”，強(qiáng)調(diào)其唯一性以及“回答問題正確”這個動作。抽象名詞搭配：抽象名詞如“ability”（能力）、“chance”（機(jī)會）、“desire”（渴望）、“plan”（計(jì)劃）等，其后常用不定式作定語。例如“Shehastheabilitytosingbeautifully.”（她有唱歌好聽的能力。）“tosingbeautifully”修飾“ability”，說明是唱歌好聽的能力。不定代詞后置：不定代詞something、anything、nothing等后常接不定式作定語。例如“Isthereanythingtoeat?”（有什么吃的東西嗎？）“toeat”修飾“anything”，表示可吃的東西。3) 注意細(xì)節(jié)不及物動詞補(bǔ)充介詞：若作定語的不定式是不及物動詞，且與被修飾詞存在地點(diǎn)、工具等關(guān)系時，要添加適當(dāng)介詞。例如“Heneedsapentowritewith.”（他需要一支筆來寫字。）“write”是不及物動詞，需加“with”與“pen”構(gòu)成合理搭配，表示寫字用的筆。主動與被動形式差異：當(dāng)被修飾詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式主動和被動形式含義不同。如“Ihavealettertopost.”（我有一封信要寄。）這里“我”是寄信的執(zhí)行者；而“Ihavealettertobeposted.”（我有一封信要（被）寄。）則不強(qiáng)調(diào)執(zhí)行者，可能是別人幫忙寄或者其他情況。2. 不定式作狀語1) 作目的狀語位置與表達(dá)：可置于句首或句末，用于說明動作的目的。為強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，可用inorderto或soasto（但soasto不能置于句首）。例如“Togetgoodgrades,hestudieshardeveryday.”（為了取得好成績，他每天努力學(xué)習(xí)。）“Togetgoodgrades”置于句首表示目的；也可寫成“Hestudieshardeverydayinordertogetgoodgrades.”或“Hestudieshardeverydaysoastogetgoodgrades.”置于句末同樣表示目的。邏輯關(guān)系：清晰表明主語實(shí)施謂語動作的目的，使句子邏輯更明確。例如“Shegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.”（她早起是為了趕上第一班公共汽車。）“catchthefirstbus”是“gotupearly”的目的。2) 作結(jié)果狀語位置與結(jié)構(gòu)：通常位于句末，常用在so...asto...、such...asto...、enoughto...、too...to...等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如“Heistootiredtowalkanyfurther.”（他太累了，走不動了。）“tootired”和“towalkanyfurther”構(gòu)成結(jié)果關(guān)系，表示因?yàn)樘鄱荒茉僮?。意外結(jié)果表達(dá)：有時不定式表示一種出乎意料的結(jié)果，可在前面加only。例如“Irushedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.”（我匆忙趕到車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。）“onlytofind”表結(jié)果出乎意料。3) 作原因狀語結(jié)構(gòu)特征：主要用于“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因。例如“Heishappytoseehisoldfriends.”（他很高興見到他的老朋友。）“toseehisoldfriends”是“happy”的原因。常見形容詞：常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有g(shù)lad（高興的）、sorry（抱歉的）、surprised（驚訝的）等。例“I'msorrytohearthatyouareill.”（聽說你病了，我很難過。）“tohearthatyouareill”是“sorry”的原因。(2019人教版英語必修三第42、80、81頁改編)Lookatthefollowingsentences,marktheinfinitivesandtelltheirfunctionsandmeanings.1.Theastronautshadmanytaskstodoinspaceaspartoftheirmission.( )2.In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersontogetmarriedinspace.()3.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday. ()4.Theshuttlelookslikeanordinaryplanebutithasacargobay(貨倉)thatislargeenoughtoholdasatellite.()5.TheInternationalSpaceStationwastoobigtobuildonEarth.( )6.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.()核心考點(diǎn)1：determined1. Sheisavery______(determine)girlandshenevergivesupeasily.2. ______(determine)tosucceed,heworkeddayandnight.3. Hemadea______(determine)efforttoimprovehisEnglish.核心考點(diǎn)2：launch1. Thecompany______(launch)anewproductnextmonth.2. The______(launch)ofthenewsatellitewasagreatsuccess.3. Theyareplanning______(launch)acampaigntoraiseawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.核心考點(diǎn)3：disappointed1. Iwasvery______(disappoint)whenIheardthebadnews.2. Shelooked______(disappoint)becauseshedidn'tgetthejobshewanted.3. Tomygreat______(disappoint),hedidn'tkeephispromise.核心考點(diǎn)4：desire1. Hehasastrong______(desire)tobecomeafamousscientist.2. She______(desire)togoabroadforfurtherstudy.3. Thelittleboy'sdesire______knowledgeisverystrong.核心考點(diǎn)5：carryon1. Weshouldcarry______withourplandespitethedifficulties.2. Afterashortbreak,they______(carry)onworking.3. Thedoctortoldhim______(carry)ontakingthemedicineforanotherweek.核心考點(diǎn)6：signal1. Thepoliceman______(signal)tothedrivertostop.2. Aredlightisusuallya______(signal)fordanger.3. They______(signal)thattheyneededhelpbywavingtheirhands.核心考點(diǎn)7：attach1. Please______(attach)yourphotototheapplicationform.2. She______(attaches/attached)greatimportancetoeducation.3. Thedocumenthasan______(attach)thatyouneedtoreadcarefully.核心考點(diǎn)8：make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語1. Theteachermadethestudents______(stand)inaline.2. Hisjokemadeusall______(laugh)loudly.3. Thebossmadetheworkers______(work)overtime.核心考點(diǎn)9：notonly...butalso...1. Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheirfather______(like)watchingcartoons.2. Shecannotonly______(speak)Englishbutalso______(write)Englisharticles.3. Notonlydoeshestudyhard,_______healsohelpsotherswiththeirstudies.核心考點(diǎn)10：不定式作定語1. Ihavealotofclothes______(wash).2. Thebestway______(solve)theproblemistoaskforhelp.3. Doyouhaveanything______(say)foryourself?核心考點(diǎn)11：不定式作狀語1. Shegotupearly______(catch)thefirstbus.2. Heranallthewaytothestationonly______(find)thetrainhadleft.3. I'mglad______(see)youagain.一、單句語法填空題1. Theastronautwas______(determine)tocompletethespacemissionsuccessfully.2. Thespaceagencyisplanning______(launch)anewsatellitenextyear.3. Shewasvery______(disappoint)whenshelearnedthatthespacewalkwascancelled.4. Thescientistshave______strongdesiretoexplorethemysteriesoftheuniverse.5. Thespacecraftis______(attach)tothespacestationforfurtherresearch.6. Notonlytheastronautsbutalsothegroundcrew______(work)hardtoensurethemission'ssuccess.7. ThediscoveryofwateronMarsmadeitpossibleforhumans______(live)thereinthefuture.8. Hishardwork______(make)himbecomeasuccessfulspacescientist.9. Thefirstperson______(reach)themoonwasNeilArmstrong.10. Theylaunchedtherocketinorder______(collect)dataaboutthesolarsystem.11. Thespaceshipistoodamaged______(repair).12. Ihavesomethingimportant______(tell)youaboutthespaceproject.13. Themissionisdifficultenough______(require)carefulplanning.14. Differentcountrieshavedifferent______(approach)tospaceexploration.15. Thesuccessofspacemissionsoftenbringsasenseof______(nation)pridetoacountry.二、閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)WhattimeitisvariesdependingonwhichofEarth’stimezonesyouarein.Butwhatifyouaren’tanywhereonEarth?ScientistsfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA),agroupdevotedtoexploringtheuniverse,arearguingthattheMoonshouldhaveitsowntimezonetoo.Atthemoment,missionstoorinvolvingtheMoonusethetimezoneofthecountrythatisoperatingthespacecraft.ESAarguesthataspecifictimezonefortheMoonwouldmakeiteasierforspaceagenciesfromaroundtheworldtoworktogether.OncemissionsmakeittotheMoon,havingthesametimezonewouldmakeitsimplerforastronautstocommunicateandtravelacrossitssurface.Settingupalunar(月球的)timezoneisnoteasy.Gravityaffectshowquicklyorslowlytimepasses.SincegravityisweakerontheMoonthanitisonEarth,after24hours,alunarclockwouldbe56microsecondsaheadofaclockonEarth.AnotherpointtoconsideristhatafulldayonEarthismeasuredbythelengthoftimebetweentwosunsets,about24hours.OntheMoon,thetimebetweentwosunsetsisnearly709hours,whichisabout29.5Earthdays.Thismeansthatlunarnightscanbearoundtwoweekslong,withonlytheEarthandthestars,nosun,inthesky.Withallthistothinkabout,scientistsneedtodecidewhetheritwouldbebettertofollowatimezoneonEarth.orfortheMoontohaveitsownuniquezone.whichwouldhavemuchlongerdays.NASAisplanningtolandhumansontheMoonin2025withisArtemisMission.TherearealsootherunmannedmissionstotheMoonplannedforlaterthisyear.BernhardHufenbachfromESAsaidthatifaworkingtimesystemfortheMoonwouldbeestablished.ESAcouldthenperhapsmakeotherplanetsinthesolarsystemgetreadyforstage.1．WhatwouldhappenifatimezoneissetupontheMoon?A．MissionstoorinvolvingtheMoonwouldbespedup.B．Timespentonrocketlaunchingwouldbecomeshorter.C．CooperationamongastronautsontheMoonwouldbeeasier.D．Spacecraftoperationamongcountrieswouldbecomesimpler.2．WhyisitdifficulttosetupatimezoneontheMoon?A．ClocksrunslightlyslowerontheMoon.B．Lunarnightslastnearlyone-monthlong.C．NosuncanbeseenintheskyontheMoon.D．Afulldayofthelunartimeismuchtoolong.3．WhatwouldESAdointhefutureaccordingtoBernhard?A．Itwouldsetupworkingtimesystemsonotherplanets.B．Itwouldworkwithothercountriestoexplorethespace.C．Itwouldsendmoreastronautstoplanetsinthesolarsystem.D．ItwouldhelpNASAwithotherunmannedmissionstotheMoon.4．Inwhichpartofanewspaperwillyouprobablyfindthearticle?A．Well-being B．Aroundtheworld C．Bignewsoftoday D．Scienceandtechnology根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白位置的最佳選項(xiàng)HowiseatinginspacedifferentfromeatingonEarth?Ifyousendastronautsintospace,youhavetosendalongfoodaswell.Butwhatdoastronautseat,andhowdotheyeatit?Scientiststakeseveralfactorsintoconsiderationastheyplanmealsforspace.First,andpossiblymostimportant,isnutrition(營養(yǎng)).SEQa1Providingjunkfoodtoeat,suchaspotatochips,sodas,andpizza,wouldmaketheastronautsunhealthy.SEQa2Ifthefoodthathasbeenprovidedisdistasteful,thentheastronautsmayavoideatingit.Ifyou’veevertriedtoconcentrateonsomethingimportantwhileyourstomachdoesn’tfeelwell,you’llknowwhythescientistsinchargeofaspacemissionwanttheirastronautstoeatregularly.Thelackofgravityinaspacecraftalsodetermineswhatfoodscanorcannotbeeateninspace.Mealsmustbepackagedcarefullysotheywon’tspill(灑落/溢出)intothecabin(oneoftheareasinsideaspacecraft).Waterortinybitsoffoodcouldgetinsideamachineorelectronicdeviceanddamageit.SEQa3Alooseknifebouncing(彈起)aroundinsidethecabinwouldbedangerous.SEQa4Theweightofeveryobjectincludedinaspacecraftmustbecalculated(計(jì)算)inordertoensurethatthereisenoughfuelandpowertocarrythecraftsafelyintospaceandbackhomeagain.SEQa5Mostfoodsarestoredinplasticbags,andoften,thefoodsaredehydrated(使脫水).Whenanastronautisreadytoeat,hotwaterisaddedtothemealandwarmitup.Despitealltheserequirements,muchofthefoodeateninspaceisactuallysimilartowhatyoumighteatonanygivenday.A．Believeitornot,theyalsohavefreshfruitsandvegetables.B．Keepingastronauts’physicalhealthisatoptaskforanyspacemission.C．Foodpackagingismadetobeaslightaspossible.D．Tasteisalsoimportant.E．Forthesamereason,sharpknivesandfolksareneverusedonboard.F．Nutritionandpracticality(實(shí)用)areimportantthingstoconsider.G．Finally,weightisanimportantconcern.SEQbSEQbSEQbSEQbSEQbSEQcSEQcSEQcSEQcSEQc三、完形填空Itiswell-knownthatChinahasmadeclearplanstosendastronautstolandontheMoonbefore2030andissteadilySEQd1.However,Chinahasdonemanythingsbesidesthat.ManycountriesareinterestedinMars(火星).Sofar,about50MarsmissionshavebeenSEQd2globally.ButnearlyhalfofthemhaveSEQd3togetthere.TheSEQd4aboutfailurewentwithTianwen1,China’sfirstMarsexploringprobe,whichwaslaunchedonJuly23,2020.Afteraround10monthsoftravelling,thecraftlandedSEQd5onthesurfaceoftheplanetonMay15,2021.ThegoodnewsthatwemadeSEQd6metwithbothreliefandcelebrationinthecountryandtheconcerndisappeared.ThesuccessmarksthatChinahasbecomeoneoftheleadingSEQd7ofouterspace.ItalsorevealsthatChinahasgotbreakthroughs(突破)inthedevelopmentofspaceexplorationtechnologiesastheyareallentirelydevelopedSEQd8.WhycanChinadothiswithoutanyoutsidehelp?Itisthecan-dospirit.TheChinesepeopleusewisdomandcouragetoSEQd9allthedifficulties.Intheearly1960s,whenthecountrySEQd10apoorandbackwardcountry,thegovernmentdecidedtoSEQd11rocketandspacetechnologies:Withthecorrectdirectionandcontinuousefforts,wegettowherewearetodaystepSEQd12step.OnApril29,2021,ChinasentTianheCoreModule(天和核心艙)intospace,SEQd13theconstructionofChina’sspacestation.Twoweeksago,threeastronautstookShenzhou-17tothestationandbegantheir6monthsofworkingandlivingthere.ChinahasbeendevotedtothepeacefuluseofouterspaceandhasmademanySEQd14toit.Insomeofthespacemissions,ChinawelcomestheSEQd15whohavethesamebelief.Let’sexpectwhatChinawillachieveinthefuture!SEQe1．A．puttingoff B．slowingdown C．pushingforward D．steppingbackSEQe2．A．carriedout B．carriedaway C．carriedoff D．carriedonSEQe3．A．failed B．begun C．succeeded D．a(chǎn)ttemptedSEQe4．A．loss B．concern C．a(chǎn)wareness D．ignoranceSEQe5．A．obviously B．calmly C．suddenly D．successfullySEQe6．A．it B．that C．which D．oneSEQe7．A．a(chǎn)pplicants B．officials C．explorers D．judgesSEQe8．A．independently B．definitely C．quickly D．fortunatelySEQe9．A．getback B．getover C．getalong D．getupSEQe10．A．measured B．a(chǎn)ccounted C．remained D．a(chǎn)ttractedSEQe11．A．remove B．exchange C．regret D．developSEQe12．A．on B．in C．by D．a(chǎn)boutSEQe13．A．starting B．counting C．suffering D．cuttingSEQe14．A．a(chǎn)dvances B．contributions C．mistakes D．effortsSEQe15．A．partners B．workers C．teachers D．enemiesSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQg四、語法填空語法填空Peopleholddifferentopinionsaboutspaceexploration.SomepeoplethinkSEQh1(explore)spaceisawasteoftimeandmoneySEQh2othersfeelthisisashallowviewwhichfailstorealisehowexploringspaceisSEQh3(help)tous.Firstly,exploringspacehasalreadymadeaSEQh4(different)inthefightagainstworldhunger.ScientistsusethedataSEQh5(collect)bysatellitestoprovideusefulrecommendationsandadviceSEQh6farmers.Secondly,spaceexplorationhasalreadypromotedtechnologicalimprovementsthatarebeneficialtous.SEQh7(final),sendingastronautsintospacehashelpedpeopletothinkabouttheworld’sproblemsandeventofindwaysSEQh8(solve)them.InSEQh9word,thespaceexplorationprovidestheworldwithvariousbenefits.Therefore,itshouldcontinuesoastoprovidenewandSEQh10(good)solutionstopeople’sshort-termandlong-termproblems.SEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQj五、書面表達(dá)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Thequilt(被子)tookalotoftime.Butthemessagesonitweremeaningful.WhenIstartedmycurrentproject,Iwokeupeverydaywithnewideasandfreshenthusiasm.IreallybelievedintheimportanceofwhatIwantedtocreate,andIhadmyhusband,Claudio,tocheermeon.Butthen,thingshadgottenhard.Iinjuredmyshoulderandmyrecoverywasslow.Inthemiddleofit,IlostClaudiotocancer.Iwasdiscouraged,lonely,andwithoutClaudio’scomfort.Facingdownthehalffinishedquiltinmysewingroomonemorningsoonafterhisdeath,Icouldhardlygathertheenergytosewit.Thequiltwasmeanttobeawaytokeepmyoldnursingclasstogether.We’dgraduatedfromMercyCollegeover40yearsbeforeandquicklyworkedall