不定式教案一ReviewparticipleHesentmeane-mail,______(hope)togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.C.tohopeD.hope2.________(found)in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.D.Founding3.The______(miss)boywaslastseen_______(play)neartheEastLake.A.B.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay4.Findinghercarstolen,________.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp5.Thebell____(indicate)theendoftheperiodrang,_____(interrupt)ourheateddiscussion.6.Though________(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.7.Itisbelievedthatifabookis______(interest),itwillsurely_______(interest)thereader.8.________(expose)tothesunfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.9.Generallyspeaking,when_______(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.10.Theflowers______(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.11.Thedisc,digitally_______(play)inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.12._____(put)intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantfortheresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.13.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,______(take)advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.14.TheTownHall_____(complete)inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.15.Ideally______(locate)forBroadwaytheatersandFifthAvenue,theNewYorkParkhotelisafavoritewithmanyguests.16.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,_______(kill)allfourpeopleonboard.17.Withthegovernment’said,those______(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.key1.hoping2Founded3missing;playingD5indicating;interrupting6.lacking7interesting;interest8Beingexposed9taken10smelling11.played,12Put13taking14completedlocated16killing17affected動詞不定式時態(tài)\語態(tài)主動被動

一般式todotobedone

進行式tobedoing

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone

完成進行式tohavebeendoingI．時態(tài)1)動詞不定式的一般式常常表示該動作“要”做，如：IdecidetogoovermylessonsonMayDay.2）動詞不定式的完成式表示該動作先于謂語動詞動作完成；Heseemedtohaveknownthenews.3）動詞不定式的進行式表示該動作正在進行，如：Theboypretendedtobesleepingwhenhismothercameintohisbedroom.II.語態(tài)如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)形式。如：

It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.（不定式作主語）

Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主語）

Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.（不定式作賓語）

Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?（不定式作定語）

Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.（不定式作狀語）

在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動，也可用主動。如：Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof(tobetakencareof).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同，如：Theseisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)III.動詞不定式的作用不定式主語1)Toseeistobelieve2）It'seasy(forme)todothat.我做這事太容易了

easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;

thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,too不定式作表語不定式可放在be動詞后面，形成表語。例如：

Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.

Hisdreamistobeadoctor.不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?；動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。

①Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.

②Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.

③WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例①）。當(dāng)主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例③），不定式說明主語的內(nèi)容。

④Ourworkisservingthepeople.

⑤Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.

⑥ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.

④⑤句動名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Servingthepeopleisourwork,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動名詞作表語還應(yīng)與進行時態(tài)區(qū)別開來。

不定式作賓語1)動詞+不定式

affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake

不定式作補語1)動詞+賓語+不定式(todo)

adviseallowappointbelievecausemandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineimpelinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstate區(qū)別：動詞+不定式

；動詞+賓語+不定式

ask,

beg,

choose,

expect

,

hate,

help

intend

like,

love,

need

prefer,

prepare,

promise,

want,

wish…

I

like

to

keep

everything

tidy.我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。

I

like

you

to

keep

everything

tidy.我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。

I

want

to

speak

to

Tom.

我想和湯姆談話。

I

want

you

to

speak

to

Tom.

我想讓你和湯姆談話。

2)to+be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補語的動詞。

acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱),discover,fancy(設(shè)想),feelfind,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解),show,suppose,take(以為),understand

WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.3)tobe+形容詞

seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean…

Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。

典型例題

CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstcomputer.

A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

答案：A.不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：

Ihavealotofworktodo.Sohemadesomecandlestogivelight不定式作狀語1）目的狀語justto(只是為了…),…onlyto(結(jié)果…,僅僅為了..),inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…(如此……以便……)

Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。

Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我來僅僅是向你告別。TheyoungmanstayeduplatejusttogetagoodmarkinEnglish.

2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。

WhathaveIsaidtomakeyouangry.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.

3)表原因I'mgladtoseeyou.Nicetoseeyou！Theywereveryfrightenedtoseetheterriblescene.有關(guān)soastodo1）表示目的；它的否定式是soasnottodo。

Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob湯姆對事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。

Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.輕點進去，別驚醒了嬰兒。

2)sokindasto---勞駕

Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點了?典型例題

Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.

A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton

答案：B.PracticeI）1.Don’tforget（下次帶她來）。2.Let’sstop（休息一會兒）。3.Ican’tdecide（借哪本書）。4.Couldyoutellus（把自行車放在哪兒）？5.Hiswishis（當(dāng)個警察）。6.Ireallydon’tknow（怎樣處置這部機器）？7.Wemusttryourbest（挽救這個女孩）。8.Haveyougotanything（為自己辯護）。9._________________is_________________。（讀書是學(xué)習(xí)）。10.IoftenhearJane（唱這首英文歌曲）。1.tobringherhere.2.tohavearest3.whichbooktoborrow4.wheretoputthebikes5.tobecomeapoliceman6.howdodealwiththemachine7.tosavethegirl8.tosayforyourself9.Toread;tolearn10.singthisEnglishsongII1．_____isbettertolovethan_____（love）.

2．I'vegottheloaf；nowI'mlookingforabreadknife_____(cut)itwith.

3．I'mglad_____(see)byhimyesterday.

4．-WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?

-It'sadifficultlanguage_____(speak).

5．Hewouldratherstayathomethan_____(go)outwithyou.

6.Shepretended_____(see)mewhenIpassedby.7.Don'tforget_____(return)thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.

8.Wearebothlookingforwardto_____(go)onvacationnextweek.

9.Remember_____(put)backthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.

10.Iregretted_____(say)thattoher.

1.It；tobeloved2.tocut3.nottohavebeenseen4.tospeak5.go6.nottosee7.toreturn8going9toput10.havingsaidIII)1.Thefluisconsidered______(cause)byviruseswhicharelikelytoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.2.WhatisthebestwayMikecanthinkof____(help)Janewithherexperiment?3.Tobegoodforagriculturalpurpose,soilmusthaveinitthemineralsplants________(require).4.Weleftthesmalltown,thereclearly____(be)nopointinstaying.5.BeforeIbuyacar,Iwouldliketohaveamechanic,whomItrulytrust,______itover.6.Thegirlwasafraid___(enter)theyardbecauseshewasafraidof______(bite)bythebigdog_____(lie)atthegate.7.---Howmanyspeciesdoyoubelievewillbethreatenedwithextinctionwhenthereservoiriscompleted?---Iexpectthere______tenatleast.8.Hearingthebadnewsthathermotherwaskilledinthetrafficaccident,shecouldn’thelpbut_____(cry).9.Whathesaidatthemeetinghasprovedeffectiveandeveryonethinksitisworth______(listen)to.10.Don’tworry.Therearestillfiveminutes_______(go)andyoucantakeyourtime.1.tobecaused2.tohelp3.require4.being5.look6.toenter…beingbitten..lying7.tobe8.cry9.listening10.togoIV）練習(xí)It’sawonderplacef