1、.林肯：解放黑人奴隸宣言 THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:By the President of the United States of America:1862年9月22日，一個(gè)瘦弱而偉大的總統(tǒng)用顫抖的雙手簽署了這份宣言，他知道雖然該宣言會(huì)激起奴隸主們的反抗，可能會(huì)造成國(guó)家南北的分裂。但為了結(jié)束一個(gè)資本主義與奴隸制并存的畸形社會(huì)，他用顫抖的雙手簽了，雖然此后他的擔(dān)心成真了，而且自己還被同情奴隸制的蒲斯刺殺了。但統(tǒng)一后的美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)在通往現(xiàn)代化的道路上一路狂飆，創(chuàng)造了無(wú)數(shù)現(xiàn)代文明，引領(lǐng)了整個(gè)20世紀(jì)。這個(gè)丑陋而羸弱的總統(tǒng)也成就了美國(guó)歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)。 THE E

2、MANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:By the President of the United States of America:A PROCLAMATIONWhereas on the 22nd day of September, A.D. 1862, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, a

3、ll persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will

4、 recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any

5、, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qu

6、alified voters of such States shall have participated shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States.Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States,

7、 by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for supressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, A.D.

8、 1863, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from the first day above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the f

9、ollowing, to wit:Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Palquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South

10、 Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Morthhampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the pres

11、ent left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the

12、 United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend to them that, in all case when allo

13、wed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.And upon

14、 this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.On Jan. 1, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln declared free all slaves residing in territory in rebellio

15、n against the federal government. This Emancipation Proclamation actually freed few people. It did not apply to slaves in border states fighting on the Union side; nor did it affect slaves in southern areas already under Union control. Naturally, the states in rebellion did not act on Lincolns order

16、. But the proclamation did show Americans-and the world-that the civil war was now being fought to end slavery.Lincoln had been reluctant to come to this position. A believer in white supremacy, he initially viewed the war only in terms of preserving the Union. As pressure for abolition mounted in C

17、ongress and the country, however, Lincoln became more sympathetic to the idea. On Sept. 22, 1862, he issued a preliminary proclamation announcing that emancipation would become effective on Jan. 1, 1863, in those states still in rebellion. Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery i

18、n America-this was achieved by the passage of the 13TH Amendment to the Constitution on Dec. 18, 1865-it did make that accomplishment a basic war goal and a virtual certainty. DOUGLAS T. MILLERBibliography: Commager, Henry Steele, The Great Proclamation (1960); Donovan, Frank, Mr. Lincolns Proclamat

19、ion (1964); Franklin, John Hope, ed., The Emancipation Proclamation (1964). 1862年9月22日，合眾國(guó)總統(tǒng)曾發(fā)出一道宣言，其內(nèi)容如下： “1863年元月1日起，凡在當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裆性诜纯购媳妵?guó)的任何一州之內(nèi)，或一州的指明地區(qū)之內(nèi)，為人占有而做奴隸的人們都應(yīng)在那時(shí)及以后永遠(yuǎn)獲得自由；公眾國(guó)政府行政部門，包括海陸軍當(dāng)局，將承認(rèn)并保障這些人的自由，當(dāng)他們或他們之中的任何人為自己的自由而作任何努力時(shí)，不作任何壓制他們的行為。政府的行政部門將于上述的元月1日，以公告宣布那些州或那些州的那些地區(qū)的人民當(dāng)時(shí)尚在反抗合眾國(guó)，如果有的話；在那一天任何一州或其人民以大多數(shù)合法選舉人參加選舉出來(lái)的代表參加合眾國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)，同時(shí)沒有強(qiáng)有力的反證時(shí)，這種事實(shí)就是該州及其人民沒有反抗合眾國(guó)的確實(shí)證據(jù)”。所以現(xiàn)在我，合眾國(guó)總統(tǒng)阿伯拉罕林肯，以在反抗合眾國(guó)政府當(dāng)局的武裝叛變時(shí)期被授權(quán)為合眾國(guó)海陸軍總