1、現(xiàn)在完成時及其考點,大靖初級中學 肖禮,一、現(xiàn)在完成時的結構：,（助動詞）have/has+過去分詞,二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法： .“完成法”：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。,標志性詞：already、 never、 ever、just、 yet 、before 、 so far等。,.“未完成法”：表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)到將來。,時間狀語：for一段時間；since過去點時間。,三、現(xiàn)在完成時的各種句式：,.陳述句：主語 have/has+過去分詞其他成分。,.否定句：主語have/has+not+過去分詞其他成分。,3.一般疑問句：Hav

2、e/Has+主語過去分詞其他成分？,4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞have/has其他成分？,5.反意疑問句：借助于助動詞have/has來完成反意疑問句。,例如：They have lived that village for ten years, havent they ? Li Lei has never read this book, has he ?,四、正確運用have/has been to, have/has gone to,和have/has been in 三種結構。,. have/has been to表示“過去曾去過某地”，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了。,. have/has gone

3、 to表示“已去了某地”，現(xiàn)在還沒有回來。,. have/has been in 表示“已在某地（呆了多久）”，如果是小地方用at代替in。,四、中考考點：,考點一：考查基本概念 例如： Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know,簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或將來，重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側根

4、據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。,考點二：考查時間狀語 例1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 例2. Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 例3. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written,例4.Our country _ a lot so far .

5、Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 例5. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 例6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known .

6、have known . knew 例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see,簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語常有如下四類： 現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。 現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作

7、是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。 現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。 現(xiàn)在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復次數(shù)的詞語連用。,考點三：考查與一般過去時的區(qū)別 例1.These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 例2._ you _

8、your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish,簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆，就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，說話的側重點在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關系；現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關系的發(fā)生在過去的動作，它不與表示過去的時間狀語（如yesterday , l

9、ast week , a moment ago等）連用。故例、的正確答案皆為B。,B,B,考點四：考查非延續(xù)性動詞的用法 例1. His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 例2.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 例3.How long have you _ here ? About two mo

10、nths . . been . gone . come . arrived,例4. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改變句子，句意不變） His uncle has _ _ _ for two years 例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three ye

11、ars _ . 例7. It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was,D,B,A,C,been dead,joined ago,A,簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時中，非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for和since引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用，通常是用相應的延續(xù)性動詞來代替。常用的非延續(xù)性動詞及替代形式如下： closebe closed, put onwear , openbe open get upbe up, finish/endbe over , losebe lost , marrybe married(to), get to

12、know know fall asleep/ go to sleep be asleep ( sleep ) , come/arrivebe here/in , come/get backbe back , go/leave-be away , become be , borrow keep , buyhave , begin/startbe on , diebe dead , joinbe in/be a ember of , catch a cold have a cold等，,考點五：考查詞組have/has been in / to與have/has gone to的區(qū)別 例1. Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 例2. My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone t