1、Grammar,Grammar,主語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句： 做主語(yǔ)用的名詞性從句，因其在復(fù)合句中做主語(yǔ)，又稱主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的有連詞that ，whether， 連接代詞who ，what ，which， 連接副詞when，where， how， why等。,1）從屬連詞：that， whether等. that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。,That he will win is certain.他肯定會(huì)贏。 Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否會(huì)來這里還不清楚。,注意: 由that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句

2、有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免 “頭重腳輕”, 常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ), 而把從句放在后面。 例如:,1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible. _ _ 2.That they should like each other is natural. _,*it為形式主語(yǔ),It is natural that they should like each other.,It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.,這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It

3、 is + n. +從句 It is a pity/shame that. 遺憾的是 It is a surprise that令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 是事實(shí) It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) *_(很遺憾)we lost the match. *_(這是事實(shí))he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fact that,2) It is + adj. +從句 Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely t

4、hat. 不可能 It is obvious that 很明顯 It is necessary important natural. that *_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_(很明顯)this measure is effective.,+(should) +do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,3) It +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句 It happened that. 碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起 *_(剛好)I came into the office at that tim

5、e. *_(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.,It happened that,It occurred to me that,4) It + be +過去分詞+從句 It is said that. 據(jù)說 It is known to all that. 眾所周知 It is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that.據(jù)信;人們相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建議 It must be admitted that必須承認(rèn) It cannot be denied that 不可否認(rèn)

6、 It must be pointed out that需指出的是 *_(據(jù)報(bào)道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建議)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.,It is reported that,It is suggested that,2.連接代詞who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。此類主語(yǔ)從句不能用形

7、式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)，它們?cè)诰渥又袚?dān)任成分，不能省略，語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序),What many scientists believe is that the earth is round Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Which student will win is uncertain. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 這里說的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。 Whoever makes mistake

8、s must correct them. 凡犯了錯(cuò)誤的人都必須改正。,3)連接副詞when，where， how， why等。,Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. When they will leave is not decided. Where she is from is unknown. How we will paint the house has not been decided.,注意:,1）主語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)，必須由連接詞引導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞；但是如果用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí)，從屬連詞t

9、hat可以省略。,誤：They should like each other is natural. 正：That they should like each other is natural. 正：It is natural (that) they should like each other.,2)如果主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，不能用if引導(dǎo)，但是如果用it 做形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí)，也可以用if引導(dǎo). 或把if 改為whether,誤：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：It was doubtful if Mary reall

10、y heard him. 正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.,3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.,2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.,4.(_

11、 can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,Whether,主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。,Conclusion:,主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律： 找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)規(guī)律,例1.When will he come is not known.,規(guī)律一、主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述語(yǔ)序， 即主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后。,正：When he will come is not known.,主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)

12、律：,例2. He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,正：That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,規(guī)律二、連詞that 在從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義， 但不能省略。,主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律：,例3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.,正： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.,規(guī)律三、whether 可以

13、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句， 放在句首，但if不能,主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律：,例4. That whether he will help others is a fact.,正：That he will help others is a fact.,規(guī)律四、主語(yǔ)從句中的連詞不能重疊使用。,主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律：,例5. When he will come are a puzzle.,正：When he will come is a puzzle.,規(guī)律五、含主語(yǔ)從句的主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用 單數(shù)第三人稱形式。,主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律：,1. What he needs is that book. 2. What he needs ar

14、e some books.,規(guī)律六、what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可根據(jù) 表語(yǔ)決定主句動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。,規(guī)律七、主語(yǔ)從句為了避免頭重腳輕現(xiàn) 象，用 it 做形式主語(yǔ)，而 把從 句放在后面。,That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.,It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.,找出錯(cuò)誤，并給出理由： 1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided. 2.You have made a mistake is a fact.

15、 3. If the policeman will come is not certain. 4. That is certain that we can win.,we shall,Whether,It,That you have,5. It is ordered we should leave at once. 6. Where he comes from are a mystery. 7. What whether he likes the job is not clear. 8. Who he is and where he is from is important. 9.What h

16、e saw is the stars in the sky.,that,is,x,are,are,Exercises :,Part One: 主語(yǔ)從句單選題,1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.,A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever,D,2.It was he said disappointed me.,A.what ;that B.that; that C.what;what D.that;what,A,3. well go camping tomorrow depends on

17、the weather.,A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where,B,4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.,A.What B. That C.The fact D.The matter,A,5. was to return to school.,A.That really interested him B.What really interested him,C.Which really interested him D.That interest him really,B,6. makes mista

18、kes must correct them.,A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever,C,7. your men have been on my land without permission.,A.It seems that B.There seems to be,C.That seems D.It seems for,A,8.It has always puzzled me the old man lied a red,silk ribbon on the young tree.,A.that B.why C.where D.what,B,_ he made

19、an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where,Choose the best choice,3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. whether B. that C. what D. when 4.What I say and think _ none of

20、your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present 3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 5. _ leaves the room last ough

21、t to turn off the lights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,請(qǐng)用恰當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)從句連詞填空: What ,it ,that , whether, whoever,Correct or not?,*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,. be held hasnt been known yet.,Pay attention:主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式,10,the cat do,made,What the cat did made the baby cry.,What,cr

22、y,Make a sentence,30,1.The question is _ the film is interesting. 2._ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.,用whetherif填空,whether,Whether,10,talk about,the use of cell phone,What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.,Make a sentence,30,* If we will have a meeting hasnt been d

23、ecided yet.,Correct or not?,Whether we will. decided yet.,Pay attention:放在名詞性從句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether, 不能用if,10,report , get the highest points, match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.,Make a sentence,30,Correct or not?,Pay attention:此主語(yǔ)從句缺少成分-賓語(yǔ)，故用作成分的what來引導(dǎo)，而不用that。,What she wants to know is.,*That she wants to know is when the party will be held .,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，that 不能省略。,That he will gi