1、.,Unit 7 About Yourself Part I Getting ready Part II The digestive system and diarrhea Part III Immunity Part IV More about the topic: Why Do I Catch Colds? Part V Memory test: Dental Health Part VI Watch and enjoy,Listen This Way Book 2,.,Part I Getting ready Our body is made up of different parts,

2、 such as face, hands and feet. Body words have been widely used figuratively in some phrases. And these phrases often create very vivid images. *figuratively 象征性地，比喻地,.,A.The following words will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.,1. grind to a halt: 停止 2. abdomen: 腹部 3

3、. coil up: 盤卷，盤繞 4. dehydrate: 脫水 5. contaminated food: 不潔食物 6. bacteria: 細菌 7. virus: 病毒 8. reserve: 儲備 9. lash: 猛擊 10. infect: 傳染，感染 11. gum: 齒齦 12. wig: 假發(fā),.,B. You are going to hear several short dialogues. Pay attention to the numbers and the body words in the phrases. Then guess the meaning of

4、 these phrases.,.,206,70,98,153,32,24,teeth,.,ask for help,hand,cause embarrassment by doing or saying sth tactless,foot,not interfere in,nose,hand,*interfere in 干涉，干預(yù),*tactless 不機智的，笨拙的,.,listen with care,*just in case 以防萬一,Head,ears,completely,*heel 腳后跟,.,with the deepest devotion,deeply involved

5、in,heart,neck,heart,.,C. Nobodys really sure why people go bald, but some scientists believe that people may inherit baldness. If you are interested, check out your mothers father. Your hairline may look like his when you get older. Now listen to a radio phone-in. Complete the following chart. *go b

6、ald 謝頂，禿頂 *inherit 繼承 *hairline 發(fā)際線,.,*hereditary 遺傳 *shampoo 香波，洗發(fā)水 *thin patch 頭發(fā)稀少的區(qū)域 *false hairpiece thing = wig 假發(fā),dont comb it over; dont wear any false hairpiece things,not a lot he can do about it; try to accept,nothing he can do about it; hereditary,losing hair,Jim Baillie,Audioscript,Home

7、page,.,Part II The digestive system and diarrhea The human body is a highly complex self-generator, that is to say, provided it is given the right fuel, it is capable of both curing and warding off disease. The food we eat helps to give us energy. It has a long journey to make before all its goodnes

8、s has been taken into our body. The food takes up to six hours to be digested in the stomach, depending on the size of the meal. The complete digestive process takes about 24 hours. But sometimes the system can go wrong. *digestive system 消化系統(tǒng) *diarrhea 腹瀉，拉肚子 *self-generator 自愈體 *warding off 阻擋（疾?。?/p>

9、 *digested 消化 *stomach 胃 *complete digestive process 整個消化過程,.,A. You are going to hear a talk on the digestive system and diarrhea. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, match column A with column B with the help of the notes.,*inexpe

10、rtly 不熟練地，外行地 *over-taxed 稅負過重的，過度透支的 *insufficiently used 使用不當(dāng)?shù)?*rusty 遲鈍的，衰退的 *sluggish 懶怠的，無活力的 *clogged 阻塞的，不通暢的 *mechanism 機械裝置 *raw material 原材料,*tissue 人體組織 *squeeze 擠壓 *muscle 肌肉 *the wall of the intestine 腸壁 *feces 糞便 *bowel 腸道 *clear up 治愈，痊愈 *fluid 水分 *dehydrated/dehydration 脫水,.,4,2,5,3,

11、4,1,4,3,1,4,*腸道癥狀,*blood stream 血流,*waste products 排泄物,*便秘,*感染,*寄生蟲,*病毒,*分解食物,*enzyme 酶,Audioscript,.,BNow try this: listen to a more authentic version of the talk. Focus on the causes and treatments of diarrhea. Complete the statements.,.,Causes of diarrhea There are infections, and this is _, whic

12、h is caused by some sort of bacteria or organisms. Some foods _ might irritate _ and tend to give you diarrhea. Some people when they _ and _ tend to get diarrhea. People who suffer from the irritable bowel syndrome tend to get tummy pains and _.,*food poisoning 食物中毒 *bacteria 細菌 *organisms 生物體，有機體,

13、*irritate 刺激，使過敏，使發(fā)炎,*irritable bowel syndrome 腸激惹綜合征 *tummy pain 肚子痛,the gut,themselves,food poisoning,diarrhea,stressed about something,get very nervous,.,Treatment of diarrhea Most attacks of diarrhea are not _ and they _ by themselves within _. The most important thing is to _. It is better not

14、to _ and not to worry about that. Ideally, the fluids you drink should contain a little bit of _. You can get special rehydrating fluids, which are _. You can get your own fluids by adding just a teaspoonful of _.,sugar and a pinch of salt,specially mixed,salt and sugar,eat too much,drink lots of fl

15、uid,one or two days,clear up,serious,*attacks of diarrhea 腹瀉病發(fā),*rehydrating fluids 再水合劑,*a pinch of 一小撮,Audioscript,Homepage,.,Part III Immunity The environment contains many potentially destructive microorganisms. It is impossible for us to avoid contact with microbes. Thats why our body is constan

16、tly under attack from invading germs and infections. Then why dont we suffer from constant illness? Do we have our own defense system? *immunity 免疫力 *microorganisms 微生物 *microbes 微生物，細菌,.,AThe following words and phrases are used in a discussion on the immune system. Listen to the words and phrases

17、first. Study the definitions carefully.,1.germ: 微生物，細菌 2.defense system: 防御系統(tǒng) 3.cell: 細胞 4.white blood cell: 白細胞，白血球 5.molecule: 分子 6.bone marrow: 骨髓 7.antibody: 抗體 8.measles: 麻疹 9.polio: 小兒麻痹癥 10.tuberculosis: 肺結(jié)核 11.AIDS: 艾滋病,.,BNow listen to the following discussion. While listening for the first

18、 time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the questions.,.,Because there are some things which were not naturally immune to.,A version of an illness is given to the body, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infection. The next

19、time it sees it, the body can respond very quickly.,*免疫系統(tǒng),*疫苗接種,*細胞,*不夠活躍的,*過于活躍的,*狼吞虎咽,*骨髓,.,*protein 蛋白質(zhì) *invader 入侵者 *come into play 開始起作用 *turn on 突然襲擊 *multiple-sclerosis 多發(fā)性硬化,The HIV virus, which causes AIDS, attacks the human immune system. And the virus itself can change very easily. Its ve

20、ry difficult to find a vaccine which can recognize all types of HIV.,No. We cant produce a vaccine for AIDS for instance.,*疾病種類,Audioscript,.,C. Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the discussion. Complete the diagram. Then put the number of each phrase below in the proper place.,*fa

21、mily doctor 家庭保健醫(yī)生 *backup 后援，援助 *tied up 忙得不可開交的 *makeup 構(gòu)造 *at greater risk 處于更危險的境地,.,blood,more likely to be infected,invaders,invaders,.,the virus that causes AIDS remembering the chemical makeup of invading germs and attacking them very quickly fighting invading disease destroying the bodys im

22、mune system protecting the body against specific infections putting the body at greater risk from other common infections,1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.,the immune system _ _,vaccination _ _,HIV _ _,5,3,2,6,4,1,Audioscript,Homepage,.,Part IV More about the topic: Why Do I Catch Colds? A cold is a mild viral infe

23、ctious disease of the nose and throat, the upper respiratory system. Symptoms of a cold include sneezing, sniffing, running/blocked nose, scratchy, sore, or phlegmy throat, coughing, headache, and a general feeling of unwellness; they last between 3 to 10 days, with residual coughing lasting up to 3

24、 weeks. It is the most common of all diseases, infecting subjects at an average of slightly over one infection per year with greater than 3 infections per year not uncommon in some populations. *viral infectious disease病毒感染類疾病 *upper respiratory system 上呼吸系統(tǒng) *sneezing 打噴嚏 *sniffing 抽鼻子 *running/bloc

25、ked nose 流鼻涕/鼻塞 *scratchy/sore/phlegmy throat 咽喉刺癢/疼痛/多痰,*unwellness 不舒服 *residual coughing 感冒好了之后的咳嗽 *subjects 病人，患者,.,The following monologue is about a common disease cold. Listen carefully and supply the missing information.,.,Viruses are most definitely going to get you. And when they do, they

26、will give you anything, from a cold to Ebola. And yet, _, viruses have no life _. So why do they cause so much trouble? _, why do I catch colds? See that guy with the _ nose. When he _, _ droplets will fly twelve feet into the air, infecting up to _ people. You should have _. A cold virus just cant

27、live without you. With no cells of its own, it needs to _ your cells and replicate. Heres something to think about.,take over,ducked,150,40,000,sneezes,blocked,More to the point,of their own,technically,*Ebola 埃博拉 *droplet 小滴 *replicate 復(fù)制,technically 嚴格意義上,More to the point 說得更確切些,*duck 低頭,.,The vi

28、rus can only travel around inside a blob of mucus. And that means whenever you catch a _, someone elses snot has been up your nose. Anyway, your _ is constantly on the prowl for attackers like these. If it wasnt, you could _ fatal pneumonia. So, when it spots a viral invasion, it grabs a _ and takes

29、 it to the nearest lymph node, home of your killer T cells. Here, a T cell first identifies the invader and then deploys an army of tailor-made immune cells to your nose. These provide specialist _ for the standard immune cells already fighting your cold. Your nose has become a battleground.,backup,

30、sample,end up with,immune system,sniffle,*a blob of mucus 一滴粘液 *snot 鼻涕 *on the prowl 徘徊，逡巡 *fatal pneumonia 致命的肺結(jié)核 *spot 發(fā)現(xiàn) *lymph node 淋巴結(jié) *deploy 部署 *tailor-made 量身定制的,*sniffle 鼻塞，感冒,.,Meanwhile, to stop infection spreading to your lungs, youre manufacturing a daily pint of mucus. This snot gives

31、 you a _. While the virus irritates your nose, so you have to _ it around 45 times a day. Beating a cold takes you about seven days and youll catch about four a year. This is _ for the cold virus. It hops on planes with its human _, visits new cities and finds hundreds of new homes with every sneeze

32、. As it replicates, it mutates. So by the next year it may be back in a different form.,hosts,the golden age,blow,headache,*a daily pint of 每日一品脫 *hop 跳上（飛機） *mutate 變異,Homepage,*blow 擤（鼻涕）,.,Part V Memory test: Dental Health In different countries and among different peoples, there is a wide range

33、of foods which can be combined to provide a balanced diet. The type of diet a person adopts depends on what foods are available, how much they cost and on religious and cultural beliefs. But in order to enjoy the delicious foods, you must have a strong set of teeth. So it is very important to keep y

34、our teeth healthy. *balanced diet 均衡的飲食 *a strong set of teeth 一口好牙,.,The following passage is about diseases of the teeth and gums, and ways to prevent and treat them. Listen carefully and supply the missing information.,*the Maya瑪雅人中美洲的印第安人，在美洲被西方發(fā)現(xiàn)前已有高度文明 瑪雅文明，是分布于現(xiàn)今墨西哥東南部、危地馬拉、洪都拉斯、薩爾瓦多和伯利茲5個國家的

35、叢林文明。雖然處于新石器時代，卻在天文學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)、藝術(shù)及文字等方面都有極高成就。與印加帝國及阿茲特克帝國并列為美洲三大文明（阿茲特克帝國與瑪雅文明位于中美洲；印加帝國位于南美洲安第斯山一帶）。,.,Ancient Egyptians: earliest _ of dental treatment treating _ by using a substance made of _. earliest known _ to treat tooth problems living about _ years ago, known as a “_” Chinese: 5000 years ago

36、treating tooth pain by _ 1300 years ago _ in the teeth with a mixture of the metals _ Maya: making teeth _ by placing pieces of _ on them,stone and metal,person,spices and onions,gum swelling,record,acupuncture,doctor of the tooth,5000,pretty,mercury, silver and tin,filling holes,*牙齦腫痛,*香料/洋蔥,*水銀(貢)

37、，銀，錫,*補牙齒的蛀洞,*針灸,.,Ancient Romans: 2000 years ago making _to _ those that had been lost Europeans: 5 th 15 th century _performing services including _, _ and treating medical conditions 14 th 15 th century _ improved French: 1700s Pierre Fauchard: the father of _ The Surgeon Dentist: the first book

38、about _,dental science,modern dentistry,dental treatment,barber-surgeons,pulling teeth,cutting hair,replace,false teeth,*假牙,*牙醫(yī)學(xué),*牙科醫(yī)術(shù),*(舊時)兼做外科醫(yī)生和牙醫(yī)的理發(fā)師,Audioscript,Homepage,.,Part VII Watch and enjoy,*flake off 剝落 *overlap 疊蓋 *tightly-packed roof tiles 重重疊疊的屋頂瓦片 *waterproof 防水的 *formidable barrier

39、 重要的屏障 *flexible 柔韌靈活的 *inert coating 惰性的表層 *vital function 維持生命的重要機能 *heat-sensitive camera 熱敏感攝像機 *internal organ 內(nèi)部器官 *sweat gland 汗腺,*contract 收縮 *evaporate 蒸發(fā) *finely tuned technology 精美的技術(shù) *robust 強壯的 *mesh 網(wǎng)狀物 *collagen fiber 膠原纖維 *blood vessel 血管 *sever 切斷 *healing kit 治愈裝備 *platelet 血小板，凝血細

40、胞 *scab痂，瘡痂,.,T,F,T,F,T,*2. (F) The part of the skin that you can see is made up of dead cells. *4. (F) A body working flat out can expel two pints of sweat per hour.,Videoscript,Homepage,*荷爾蒙,*汗水,*排出,*竭盡全力,*一股膠原纖維,*尺寸,.,Radio presenter: All right. Thank you for that call, Rosemary. We go now, I thi

41、nk, to Glasgow and our next caller, er, Jim Baillie. Hello, Jim. Jim: Hello? Radio presenter: Hello, Jim. Whats your problem? Jim: Er well Im er beginning to lose my hair. Er, I went to the doctor, but he just said there was nothing I can do about it. He said it was probably hereditary. My father wa

42、s bald by the time he was thirty. Maurice: Hello, Jim. And how old are you? Jim: Me. Im twenty-eight. Maurice: And are you losing a lot of hair, then? Jim: Well, it comes out a lot when I comb my hair and you can see a thin part on the top of my head. Maurice: And does that really worry you, Jim? Ji

43、m: Well. I dont like it. Its old you know looks oldI dont want to look like a middle-aged man at twenty-eight. And I wondered if there was some special shampoo I should use if you could tell me one that I should buy something like that you know to stop it getting worse. Maurice: Well, you know, Jim,

44、 to be honest with you theres not really a lot you can do about it, actually, Im afraid. I mean, baldness is one of those things that, in my experience, you just have to try to accept. Some men find it more difficult to accept baldness than others,.,Tessa: There is one piece of advice, though, Jim,

45、and thats dont try to comb your hair over the bald or thin patch. Dont try to hide it. Whatever you do, dont comb it over because that usually looks ridiculous. And the other thing that usually looks ridiculous is a man with a wig. Dont let anyone persuade you to buy one of those false hairpiece thi

46、ngs, because they usually look much worse than a bald man. I actually think bald men can look very attractive. My husbands bald and I think it really suits him.,Audioscript,.,Our body is made up of thousands of different parts. All these parts work together to keep us alive and to help us move aroun

47、d. The parts of the human body are like the parts of a very complicated machine. Like any other machine, however, if it is inexpertly cared for, over-taxed or insufficiently used, it will become rusty, sluggish or clogged and parts of its mechanism may even grind to a halt. That is why it is so impo

48、rtant to keep every part of the human machine healthy and properly cared for. To keep in good running order, the body requires the raw materials for growth and the replacement of tissues when necessary. Our bodies burn food like fuel to produce the energy we need. The human digestive system is a bit

49、 like a very long tube, but its a lot more complex. Its several meters long, and most of it is carefully coiled up in our abdomen. It has several important jobs to do. First, it must digest or break down our food. Digestion starts the moment food enters our mouth. Then it continues as the food is sq

50、ueezed along the gut by muscles in the wall of the intestine. As the food travels through the gut, natural chemicals called enzymes are added to it, which help break down the food. Then this digested food and water must be absorbed from the gut into our blood stream so that it can be used by the bod

51、y. Finally, the gut must carry away any waste products in the form of feces.,.,Usually our intestine does all these things very efficiently. But sometimes things can go wrong. Probably the most common gut symptoms are diarrhea and constipation. With diarrhea, the food and water travels too quickly t

52、hrough the intestine, often making the feces watery, and making it necessary to open the bowels more frequently. There are lots of causes of diarrhea. Probably the commonest causes of diarrhea are contaminated food or water, and infection caused by viruses or parasites. Many cases of diarrhea clear

53、up within a few days without any special medicines. But the body loses a lot of fluid through diarrhea, so there is a very real risk of the body drying out or becoming dehydrated. Because of this risk of dehydration, the best treatment for diarrhea is simply to make sure you are drinking enough. Avo

54、iding dehydration in this way can be a life saver.,Audioscript,.,There are lots of different causes of diarrhea. Um, there are infections that can happen, and this is food poisoning, if you like, where in your food you eat some sort of bacteria or organisms, which infect you. Some foods can just irr

55、itate the gut and tend to give you diarrhea, although they are not infected. Its just the food itself (that) might irritate your system. Some people, if they get very nervous and stressed about something, find they tend to get diarrhea, something called the irritable bowel syndrome where something g

56、oes wrong with the way the gut works. And people that suffer from this tend to get, um, tummy pains, and they get sometimes diarrhea, sometimes constipation. All sorts of causes. Most attacks of diarrhea, um, particularly in adults, are not serious and they clear up by themselves within one to two d

57、ays. The most important thing is to drink lots of fluid, because if you have got diarrhea, youre obviously losing a lot of fluid. And so its better really not to eat too much, not to worry about that, but to make sure you drink plenty of fluid. And ideally, they should have a little bit of salt and sugar in. You can get special rehydrating fluids, which are specially mixed. But if you want to make your own by adding just a teaspoonful of sugar and a pinch of salt, then its obviously perfectly reasonable to do that.,Audioscript,.,The human body is constantly