1、初中 閱讀理解 做題技巧,閱讀材料,題材： 故事，寓言， 人物，科普，政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、歷史、地理等 體裁： 記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文，新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、操作說明、書信，圖畫，表格等,學(xué)生素質(zhì),閱讀速度 理解程度 思維能力 綜合文化素質(zhì),具體考查的內(nèi)容,理解具體信息 推測(cè)生詞詞義 理解概念性含義 判斷、推理和引申 理解主旨要義 理解結(jié)構(gòu)，句段關(guān)系 理解作者意圖,解題步驟,一、快速閱讀，讀懂大意 二、明確要求，逐一解答 三、重讀問題，理解問題 四、帶著問題，重讀文章 五、復(fù)讀全文，最后把關(guān),題型大聚會(huì),1. 推理題 2. 詞匯題 3. 主旨題 4. 態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題 5. 代指題

2、,解題技巧碰碰碰,（一）推理題及解題技巧,推理題： 數(shù)字推理 知識(shí)推斷 邏輯推理 細(xì)節(jié)推斷 考查理清上下邏輯關(guān)系的能力（最難）。,考查學(xué)生,判斷、推理和引申 理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度 常用邏輯詞: “infer, conclude, imply, suggest”等。,技巧,1. 吃：吃透意思 2. 捕：捕捉線索 3. 挖：挖掘加工 4. 握：把握關(guān)系 5. 摸：揣摸作者,1. 知識(shí)推斷題,知識(shí)推斷： 根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，得出符合文章原義的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。,實(shí)例 Tokyo：Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person i

3、n ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire（藍(lán)寶石）worth nearly six hundred dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum. “Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but its different this time because the jewels are being exhibi

4、ted at a hotel,” a police said. The jewels was being shown in _. A. an Indian hotel B. an Indian museum C. a Japanese hotel D. a Japanese museum,C,2. 邏輯結(jié)論推斷題,邏輯結(jié)論： 指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。,實(shí)例,My father has little time for films. But one day as he finished

5、 his work, he found a film ticket under the glass on the desk. He went to the cinema quickly. When he was seated, a woman came to my father and said the seat was hers. They both took out their tickets and found the seat shown on them was Row 8,Seat 16. After looking at the ticket more carefully, my

6、father said, “Sorry, its not todays ticket.” From this passage we can know that the writers father was _.,careless,3. 細(xì)節(jié)推斷,為了闡明主題，作者將陳述一些事實(shí)來(lái)支持主題，如what, who, where, when, 等，即“supporting details”。,實(shí)例,When the bell was ringing. The boys came into the room. Each one had a bat or a ball. All had red face

7、s. They were glad to get into their seats. The teacher said it was time to get back to work. Which of the following sentence is probably true? A. The class was over. B. The boys had just come back from playing. C. The teacher told the boys to work.,B,常見的推理判斷題題干,According to the passage，what /which i

8、s“”? Which of the following statement is (not) true/correct/mentioned/listed/included? All of the following statements are true /correct/mentioned except?,（二）詞匯題及解題技巧,測(cè)試學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確推測(cè)判斷詞義的能力。 標(biāo)志是 The underlined word “” in line refers to ,技巧,返回原文，找到該句子 結(jié)合上下文，理解該詞意思 重點(diǎn)抓字面含義，不要進(jìn)行歸納，演繹，推理 選項(xiàng)中的正確答案意思與原句完全相同

9、，只是用其他詞匯表達(dá) 超綱 詞匯不是正確答案 正確答案常蘊(yùn)藏在原文該詞出現(xiàn)前后,1. 通過因果關(guān)系猜詞,借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since， for，so，thus，as a result，of course， therefore等等),You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.,猜詞題實(shí)例,2. 通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞,1)同義詞 and 或 or 連接的詞組 e.g. happy and gay 解釋過程中使用的同義詞 e.g. Man has known something about th

10、e planets Venus，Mars, and Jupiter.,2) 反義詞,表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞， 如but，while，however等,與not搭配的或表示否定意義 的詞語(yǔ),He is so homely，not as handsome as his brother.,3. 通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞,1).前綴un-表反義詞，如happy、unhappy， fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。,2).后綴- ment表名詞，如develop、 development，state、statement， argue、argument等。,3).后綴-er、-o

11、r或 -ist表同源名詞， 如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor， law、lawyer，wait、waiter， science、scientist，art、artist等。 。,4. 通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)詞義,But sometimes, no rain falls for a long， long time. Then there is a dry period， or drought.,5. 通過句法功能來(lái)推測(cè)詞義,Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit gr

12、ow in warm areas.,6. 通過描述猜詞,The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.,（三）主旨題及解題技巧,主旨要義 整體理解 概括能力 標(biāo)志詞有： “mainly about； mainly discuss； best title”等。,技巧,注意首段和各段第一句話,將其含義連接成一個(gè)整體

13、 小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看開頭就選擇答案,常見提問：,1. What is the main idea of this passage? 2. What is the authors main point? 3. What is the subject of this passage? 4.The main purpose of the passage? 5. The title of this passage would be _.,實(shí)例,All students of geography should be able to explain a weather map exactly. W

14、eather condition is a huge amount of information about condition at a time of observation over a large geographical area. They show in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Office gives out information about coming storms, floods, freeze, dryness, and a

15、ll climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it gives out a 30-day “out-look” which is a basic guide to weather conditions likely to happen all over the United States.,Question： What is the main idea of this passage? A. Weather maps are very important to students of geography. B. Weather maps ca

16、n have a 30-day “outlook”. C. Students of geography should be able to make weather maps exactly. D. Those who major in geography should have the ability to have a good understanding of a weather map.,關(guān)鍵-主題句,主題句：凡表述段落（或短文）主旨大意的句子。 三個(gè)特點(diǎn)： （1）總領(lǐng)性強(qiáng)，概括性強(qiáng) （2）結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，不用難句 （3）其他句子解釋、支撐或擴(kuò)展主題句，起服從、論證、補(bǔ)充的作用,實(shí)例,Jos

17、hna Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He changed to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a business lawyer in Miami, Florida. 從以上這個(gè)段落，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有一個(gè)句子可以單獨(dú)陳述該段落的主題，那么，作者寫這個(gè)段落的目的是什么呢？通過仔細(xì)閱讀和理解每個(gè)句子的意思之后，我們便可領(lǐng)悟，作者想告訴讀者的是：Joshna Bingham received an excellent education. 所以說這種文章（或段落）只能從文章的字里行間去理解作者的意圖，這樣才能推斷出文章的主旨大意。,（四）態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題及解題技巧,理解作者的意圖,觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的能力。標(biāo)志詞: attitude , purpose等。,技巧,態(tài)度詞: Opposition反對(duì)，suspicion懷疑的，Ap