1、ARM Embedded System PaperARM嵌入式論文ARM introductionIf, say, embedded is 2008 years electronic engineer talking about one of the most word in 2009, most of the talk about a word is ARM. What is ARM? He is a British electronic company name, the full name mean Advanced RISC Machine. The company was found

2、ed in November 1990, is apple computer, Acorn computer group and VLSI Technology of the joint venture. Acorn has launched the worlds first commercial single chip RISC processors, and apple computer was hope will RISC technology in their own system, the ARM microprocessor new standards so arises at t

3、he historic moment.如果,說,“嵌入式”是2008年電子工程師談?wù)摰囊粋€最字2009年,大多數(shù)的談?wù)撘粋€單詞是“手臂”。手臂是什么?他是一個英國電子公司的名字,全名是先進(jìn)的RISC機器。公司成立于1990年11月,是蘋果電腦,Acorn計算機集團(tuán)和VLSI技術(shù)的合資企業(yè)。Acorn已經(jīng)推出了世界上第一個商業(yè)單片RISC處理器,和蘋果電腦是希望將RISC技術(shù)在自己的系統(tǒng)中,ARM微處理器新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)運而生。At the end of 80 s, 90 s semiconductor industry chain just appear division of labor, TSMC

4、, LianDian semiconductor foundry etc are slowly rise, some of the silicon valley fabless companies also have mushroomed emerging as, so-called fabless design company chip, but the production process is the package to give TSMC foundry production etc. And ARM is for the world first, 19 years ago crea

5、ted chipless production model, that is, the company is neither production chip, also dont design chips, but the design of effective IP kernel, to authorize a semiconductor companies use, semiconductor company in the ARM technology based on add your own design and introduction of chip products, final

6、ly by OEM customers use these chips to construct the system based on ARM technology products. This way, a bit like the communications industry in the qualcomm and the semiconductor industry RAMBUS, they stand in the semiconductor industry chain upstream of the upstream. 19 years ago formed ARM may f

7、ace a lot of risk, because no one know the road can not work, but now the facts have proved, ARM away a no man through, but it is the right path. As additional products, he also let Chinas industry members from the window to understand the British electronics company, the success of the ARM of the B

8、ritish chipless led the development of the company.80年代末,90年代半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈分工出現(xiàn),臺積電,LianDian半導(dǎo)體等正在慢慢上升,硅谷的一些專業(yè)公司也如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn)的新興,所謂專業(yè)設(shè)計公司芯片,但生產(chǎn)過程是包給臺積電鑄造生產(chǎn)等和手臂是世界第一,19年前創(chuàng)建無屑的生產(chǎn)模式,也就是說,公司既不生產(chǎn)芯片,也不設(shè)計芯片,但設(shè)計有效的IP內(nèi)核,授權(quán)一個半導(dǎo)體公司使用,半導(dǎo)體公司在ARM技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上添加自己的設(shè)計和芯片產(chǎn)品的介紹,最后通過OEM客戶使用這些芯片構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)基于ARM技術(shù)的產(chǎn)品。這樣,有點像高通的通信行業(yè)和半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)RAMBUS,他們

9、站在半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上游的上游。19年前形成的手臂可能面臨很多的風(fēng)險,因為沒有人知道這條路不能工作,但是現(xiàn)在,事實已經(jīng)證明,手臂沒有人通過,但這是正確的道路。作為額外的產(chǎn)品,他還讓中國從窗口行業(yè)成員理解英國電子公司的成功的英國無屑的公司的發(fā)展。Because ARM of the product is IP Core, without any physical sense of hardware or software entities, therefore can only registered in China to become consultation company, despite o

10、f its business consulting is just a few. ARM the core business is selling chips core technology IP, at present the whole world has 103 giant IT company in the home ARM technology, 20 largest semiconductor manufacturers in 19 is the ARM users, including Texas instruments, stmicroelectronics, Philips,

11、 Intel, etc. The only 20 giants didnt buy ARM authorized is the old Intel rival AMD, Intel because the StrongARM processor is portable, and AMD is the acquisition of the Alchemy company fight, used the MIPS structure.因為產(chǎn)品的手臂是IP核,沒有任何硬件或軟件實體的物理意義,因此只能在中國注冊成為“咨詢”公司,盡管其業(yè)務(wù)咨詢只是少數(shù)。ARM核心業(yè)務(wù)是銷售芯片核心技術(shù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán),目前全

12、世界有103家中大型IT公司ARM技術(shù),20 19手臂用戶最大的半導(dǎo)體制造商,包括德州儀器、意法半導(dǎo)體、飛利浦、英特爾等。只有20個巨人沒有買手臂授權(quán)是古老的英特爾競爭對手AMD,英特爾因為StrongARM處理器是便攜式,和AMD是煉金術(shù)的收購公司,使用了MIPS結(jié)構(gòu)。ARM product introductionARM offer a series of core, system expansion, microprocessor and system chip solutions. Because all products are used a general software sys

13、tem, so the same software can be in all products operation (in theory so). Typical products as follows.臂產(chǎn)品介紹部門提供一系列核心,系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)張,微處理器和系統(tǒng)芯片的解決方案。因為所有的產(chǎn)品都是使用一種通用的軟件系統(tǒng),所以相同的軟件可以在所有產(chǎn)品操作(在理論上)。典型的產(chǎn)品如下。CPU core (CPU核心)ARM7TDMI (Thumb) : this is the most authorized users a product will ARM7 instruction set with

14、Thumb extension together, in order to reduce memory capacity and system cost. At the same time, it also use embedded ICE commissioning technical to simplify system design, and a digital signal processor (DSP) enhance extended to improve performance. The product of the typical application is digital

15、cellular phones and hard disk drives.ARM7TDMI(拇指):這是最授權(quán)用戶的產(chǎn)品將與拇指ARM7指令集擴(kuò)展在一起,以減少內(nèi)存容量和系統(tǒng)成本。與此同時,它也使用嵌入冰調(diào)試技術(shù)來簡化系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計,和數(shù)字信號處理器(DSP)增強擴(kuò)展來提高性能。產(chǎn)品的典型應(yīng)用是數(shù)字蜂窩電話和硬盤驅(qū)動器。ARM710 series, including ARM710, ARM710T, ARM720T and ARM740T: low price, low energy consumption, encapsulation type routine system micro pro

16、cessor, equipped with Cache (Cache), memory management, writing buffer and JTAG. Widely used in handheld computing, data communication and consumer multimedia.ARM7 optimized for use on price and power consumption of the application of sensitive low power consumption and a nuclear, very low power con

17、sumption; Three parts assembly line and and von neumann structure, provide 0.9 MIPS/MHz.ARM710系列,包括ARM710、ARM710T ARM720T ARM740T:價格低,能耗低,封裝類型常規(guī)系統(tǒng)微處理器,配有緩存(緩存),內(nèi)存管理,寫緩沖區(qū)和JTAG。廣泛應(yīng)用于手持計算機、數(shù)據(jù)通信和消費多媒體。ARM7優(yōu)化使用價格和功耗敏感的低功耗的應(yīng)用程序和一個核,非常低功耗;三部分組裝線和馮諾依曼結(jié)構(gòu),提供0.9 MIPS / MHz。ARM9TDMI: the five stages GuanDaoHua

18、ARM9 kernel, also equipped with Thumb extension, commissioning and Harvard bus. In the production process of the same case, performance of ARM7TDMI twice as many. Often used for networking and the top place box.ARM9TDMI:五個階段GuanDaoHua ARM9內(nèi)核,還配備了拇指擴(kuò)展、調(diào)試和哈佛公共汽車。在生產(chǎn)過程相同的情況下,ARM7TDMI兩倍的性能。通常用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)和地方盒子頂部

19、。ARM940T series low, low energy consumption, high performance system microprocessor, equipped with, memory management and write buffer. Application to the advanced engine management, and security system, the top place box, portable computer and high-grade printer. StrongARM: high performance, at the

20、 same time satisfy the need of the routine use a microprocessor technology, and joint research DEC, later license to Intel. SA110 processor, SA1100 PDA system chip and SA1500 multimedia processor chip is using this technique.ARM940T系列低,能耗低,高性能微處理器系統(tǒng),配備、內(nèi)存管理和寫緩沖區(qū)。應(yīng)用先進(jìn)的引擎管理和安全系統(tǒng),頂部位置框,便攜式電腦和高檔打印機。Stro

21、ngARM:高性能,同時滿足日常的需要使用微處理器技術(shù),聯(lián)合研究12月,后來英特爾的許可證。SA110處理器,SA1100 PDA系統(tǒng)芯片和SA1500多媒體處理器芯片使用這種技術(shù)。ARM920T, began, ARM940T, ARM966E-S, ARM968E-S, ARM996HS has a high performance and low power consumption of leading a macro unit, level 5 lines structure; Harvard structure provides 1.1 MIPS/MHz. ARM920T and b

22、egan the performance of the built-in MMU, instructions and data cache and high-speed AMBA bus interface. AMBA chip bus is an open standard, has become the construction and development of library SoC IP criterion of truth. AMBA advanced high performance bus (AHB) interface by all new ARM now nuclear

23、support, provide development all the integrated design system. ARM940T built-in instructions and data cache, protection unit and high-speed AMBA bus interface.ARM920T開始,ARM940T ARM966E-S、ARM968E-S ARM996HS高性能和低功耗的主要一個宏單元,5級線結(jié)構(gòu);哈佛結(jié)構(gòu)提供了1.1 MIPS / MHz。ARM920T并開始內(nèi)置的MMU的性能,指令和數(shù)據(jù)緩存和高速AMBA總線接口。安巴芯片總線是一種開放標(biāo)

24、準(zhǔn),已成為圖書館的建設(shè)和發(fā)展SoC IP真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。安巴先進(jìn)的高性能總線(AHB)接口的所有新手臂現(xiàn)在核支持,提供開發(fā)所有的集成設(shè)計系統(tǒng)。ARM940T內(nèi)置指令和數(shù)據(jù)緩存,保護(hù)單元和高速AMBA總線接口。ARM7500 and ARM7500FE: highly integrated RISC single chip computer, a cache type based on ARM7 32 bit kernel, with memory and I/O controller, three DMA channel, the video controller and palette of a

25、nd stereo port; ARM7500FE increased by a floating point unit and the support of EDO DRAM. Especially suitable for the top box and TV for the network computer (NC).ARM7500 ARM7500FE:高度集成的RISC單片機,緩存類型基于ARM7 32位內(nèi)核、內(nèi)存和I / O控制器,三個DMA通道的視頻控制器和面板和立體聲港口;ARM7500FE增加了一個浮點單元和江戶DRAM的支持。特別適合的機頂盒和電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)計算機(NC)。ARM1

26、0 ARM1020E, ARM1022E, ARM1026EJ-S, series is 64 bit AHB instructions and data interface; 6 levels of assembly line structure; 1.25 / MHz MIPS; Than comparable ARM9 device performance increased by 50%. Added two new advanced energy-saving way to get the abnormal low power consumption. VFP10 coprocess

27、or perfect compliance ARM10 device to supply high-performance floating point solutions ARM10 has three kernel respectively is: ARM1026EJ-S , ARM1020E , ARM1022E .ARM10 ARM1020E、ARM1022E ARM1026EJ-S,系列64位AHB指令和數(shù)據(jù)接口;6水平的流水線結(jié)構(gòu);1.25 / MHz MIPS;比ARM9設(shè)備性能增加了50%。添加了兩個新的先進(jìn)的節(jié)能辦法不正常的低功耗。VFP10協(xié)處理器完美合規(guī)ARM10設(shè)備提供

28、高性能浮點解ARM10有三個內(nèi)核分別是:ARM1026EJ-S,ARM1020E,ARM1022E。ARM11 MPCore, ARM1136J (F)-S, ARM1176JZ (F)-S it is efficient high performance CPU, domestic havent products appear.ARM11 MPCore ARM1136J(F)- s,ARM1176JZ(F)- s高效高性能CPU,國內(nèi)還沒有產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)。ARM software system and operating system in the paper手臂軟件系統(tǒng)和操作系統(tǒng)The embe

29、dded system usually in the specific application as the center, take the processor as core and face the reality of the application software and hardware system, the hardware the embedded system operation of the foundation and platform, providing the software required for the operation of physics plat

30、form and communication interface; And of the embedded system software generally include operating system and application software, they are the whole system control core, provide machine and other information interaction. Therefore, the development of embedded system usually includes both hardware a

31、nd software development, hardware mainly includes choosing appropriate MCU, storage device or SOC type, the communication interface and the I/O, power and other auxiliary equipment; Software of mainly involves OS porting and application development, at the same time, software interrupts commissionin

32、g and real-time debugging, code, and the optimization of portability/reusable and software curing and so on is also the key embedded software development.嵌入式系統(tǒng)通常在具體應(yīng)用為中心,以處理器為核心和面對現(xiàn)實的應(yīng)用軟件和硬件系統(tǒng),硬件的嵌入式系統(tǒng)運行的基礎(chǔ)平臺,提供所需的軟件操作的物理平臺和通信接口,和一般的嵌入式系統(tǒng)軟件包括操作系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件,它們是整個系統(tǒng)的控制核心,提供機器和其他信息交互。因此,嵌入式系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)通常包括硬件和軟件開發(fā),

33、硬件主要包括選擇合適的單片機,存儲設(shè)備或SOC類型、通信接口和I / O,電力和其他輔助設(shè)備,主要包括操作系統(tǒng)移植和應(yīng)用程序的軟件開發(fā),與此同時,軟件中斷調(diào)試和實時調(diào)試代碼,便攜性/可重用和軟件的優(yōu)化養(yǎng)護(hù)等等也是嵌入式軟件開發(fā)的關(guān)鍵。ARM of the operating system and the system development the execution environment provides the widest choice, customers can according to need to choose the most to adapt to the require

34、ments of the market based on ARM embedded operating system. Alternative embedded operating system has a few kinds, used more have Linux, WinCE, Palm, Symbian, and so on. The WinCE more OEM is according to their needs, and specific embedded devices of development, such as GPS navigation equipment. Th

35、e Palm operating system manufacturers have lenovo samsung SONY, their shipments are very great. Symbian operating system is advanced global public industry standard operating system, based on the Symbian operating system of mobile phones have: BenQ, DoCoMo, Motorola, Nokia, ltd., samsung, SONY Erics

36、son etc. Linux is the source code of the opening of the operating system, it can run in including ARM and so on many kinds of mainstream processor architecture. Because a large number of engineers in the development of open source and related development tools, Linux can be more convenient for trans

37、plantation.手臂的操作系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)開發(fā)執(zhí)行環(huán)境提供了廣泛的選擇,客戶可以根據(jù)需要選擇最適應(yīng)市場需求的基于ARM的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)。選擇嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)有幾種,使用更多的Linux,畏縮,棕櫚,塞班,等等。畏縮的OEM是根據(jù)他們的需求,和特定的嵌入式設(shè)備的發(fā)展,GPS導(dǎo)航設(shè)備等。Palm操作系統(tǒng)制造商三星索尼、聯(lián)想出貨量非常大。塞班操作系統(tǒng)是先進(jìn)的全球公共行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作系統(tǒng),基于Symbian操作系統(tǒng)的手機有:明基,DoCoMo,摩托羅拉、諾基亞、有限公司、三星、索尼愛立信等。Linux是源代碼開放的操作系統(tǒng),它可以運行在包括手臂等等多種主流的處理器架構(gòu)。因為大量的工程師開放源碼和相關(guān)開發(fā)工具

38、的發(fā)展,Linux可以更方便移植。With Linux as an example, the choice based on ARM Linux, can get more development the application of source code, can use the high-performance ARM processor develop more vast network and wireless applications, ARM of the Jazelle technology bring Linux the workbench Java program bett

39、er performance. ARM company series development tools and development plate, and the various development BBS available information bring faster time to the market.使用Linux作為一個例子,選擇基于ARM Linux,可以得到更多的開發(fā)應(yīng)用程序的源代碼,可以使用高性能的ARM處理器開發(fā)更龐大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無線應(yīng)用程序,手臂Jazelle技術(shù)使Linux工作臺Java程序更好的性能。ARM公司系列開發(fā)工具和開發(fā)板和可用的各種發(fā)展論壇信息給市場

40、帶來更快的時間。ARM development processARM開發(fā)過程Based on ARM926 Linux development as an example, scan the entire development process:1 design principle diagram (including the WIGGLER JTAG visit really device);2 design PCB (including the WIGGLER JTAG visit really device);3 plate;4 welding voltage, determine th

41、e voltage no problem;5 welding 44 B0 + JTAG circuit + WIGGLER JTAG visit of the surrounding circuit is +, with BANYANT + simulators connection, BANYANT tip mistakes, but can display the 44 B0 Numbers, explain 44 B0 no problem;6 welding crystal + RAM + ROM + surrounding circuit, with BANYANT + simula

42、tors connection, can show the correct 44 B0;7 BANYANT + simulation with the connecting, open AXD, in the command line window operation RAM, see can modify, if (with memory window see RAM address) RAM is no problem can use this command setmem 0 xc000000, 0 XFFFFFFFF, 32;8 procedures according to FLAS

43、H and writing summaries burn to FLASH, test;9 in accordance with the UBOOT transplant operation transplantation UBOOT;10 according to UCLINUX download simple showing next UCLINUX;基于ARM926 Linux開發(fā)作為一個例子,掃描整個開發(fā)過程:1設(shè)計原理圖(包括孑孓JTAG訪問真正的設(shè)備);2設(shè)計PCB(包括孑孓JTAG訪問真的設(shè)備);3板;4焊接電壓,確定電壓沒有問題;5焊接44 B0 + JTAG電路+孑孓JTAG

44、訪問周圍的電路+ BANYANT +模擬器連接,BANYANT提示錯誤,但是可以顯示44 B0的數(shù)字,解釋44 B0沒問題;6焊接水晶+ RAM +羅+周邊電路,BANYANT +模擬器連接,可以顯示正確的44 B0;7 BANYANT +模擬連接,打開AXD,在命令行窗口中操作內(nèi)存,可以修改,如果(內(nèi)存窗看到內(nèi)存地址)內(nèi)存沒有問題可以使用這個命令“setmem 0 xc000000開始,0 XFFFFFFFF 32 ”;8程序根據(jù)“閃電和寫作摘要”燃燒FLASH,測試;9按照UBOOT移植操作“移植UBOOT;10 “未來UCLINUX UCLINUX下載簡單的顯示;SummaryAMR (

45、Audio/MODEM Riser, voice/MODEM card) is a set of open industrial standard, it defined expansion CARDS can also support voice and MODEM function. Use this to the design, can effectively reduce the cost, and solve the voice and MODEM subsystem at present on the function of some restrictions. People ac

46、tually would have wanted to put the MODEM subsystem integrated into the system board, but since there are electromagnetic interference and other convenient factors, so the most important MODEM simulation I/O (coding/decoder and DAA) circuit cant be directly welded to temporarily on the main board. I

47、ntel company is set AMR rules, it is important for a purpose is to solve this problem, the simulated the I/O circuit transfer to a single card, the other remaining parts on the main board.Through an open, industrial standard card design, system manufacturers can use standard or special slot, with very low cost on the mainboard achieve voice and MODEM function. Because of it has more flexibility, can be integrated m