1、完型填空專題 技巧點撥,2014年3月10日,鄧子明,詞匯記憶 詞匯層次,高考完形 填空考什么？,篇章結(jié)構(gòu) 篇章層次,句間關(guān)系 段落層次,一、高考完形填空命題特點,(1) 考查詞匯：實詞為主,如名詞、動詞、形容詞 (2) 考點分三個層次： 語篇層次：30%左右 文章的主題、大意、段意等 段落層次：70%左右 小語境、微語境。故事情節(jié)、上下文邏輯 單詞層次：只須讀懂單詞所在句子就能做 不多,完形填空是一種綜合測試，涉及的知識面很廣，是用來測試考生的閱讀理解能力和綜合應(yīng)用語言的能力。具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面： (1)詞語辨析能力 (2)語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力 (3)語篇理解能力 (4)邏輯推理能力 (5)

2、文化背景透析能力 (6)作者意圖剖析能力 (7)生活常識綜合運用能力,高考完形填空題型特點,1. 以敘為主, 敘議結(jié)合; 2. 篇章短小, 意義完整; 3. 首句完整, 主題明確; 4. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰, 層次分明; 5. 考查語境, 側(cè)重辨析; 6. 實詞為主, 虛詞為輔; 7. 邏輯推理, 隱于語篇; 8. 常識語法, 每年出現(xiàn)。,為什么我們在這一題型上總是失分較多?為什么似懂非懂，找尋答案就如大海掏針？,自我分析 對號入座 對癥下藥,詞匯量小，單詞不認(rèn)識，或意義記錯。 缺乏句子常識,不懂英語語序與漢語語序的區(qū)別。 缺乏必要的生活常識、自然常識、社會常識、人際交往常識，不了解中西文化的差異。 說

3、話思維邏輯混亂，搞不清轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等。 無整體觀念，抓不住關(guān)鍵。不去讀懂主旨大意、作者觀點態(tài)度、段意和文章關(guān)鍵信息(整體閱讀) 斷章取義。就題論題。不管前后聯(lián)系，互不照應(yīng)，前后矛盾。（行文邏輯） 脫離語境，無中生有，不顧文意。(忠實原文) 急于求成,未通讀全文便忙于答題。無整體概念邊讀邊填,兩眼忙于空白與選項之間，欲速則不達(dá)。,典型癥狀：,實際上，完形填空： 從頭到尾充滿了暗示 就是猜，也要猜得有理有據(jù)，不純粹亂猜 命題是藝術(shù)，解題是技術(shù)； 命題是設(shè)計陷阱，技巧是識破陷阱,有時不看文章和題干也能選擇答案,（2010遼寧卷） 36 A worriedB sad

4、 C surprised D nervous,要有信心,原題信息,When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was 36 to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual dictionary. 36 A worriedB sad C surprised D nervous,?,解題方法：(科學(xué)藥方),總的原則: “先完

5、意，后完形”。,八字方針：上下求索，瞻前顧后。,三步曲：讀填讀,高分技巧（How to get high scores？）,1. 正確的答題步驟 2. 必要的答題技巧3. 適量的實踐訓(xùn)練,1、研究首尾找主題 2、上下聯(lián)系尋信息 3、左顧右盼找搭配 4、思前想后覓邏輯 5、語境分析辨詞義 6、集中精力破難題 7、回讀檢查補(bǔ)漏洞,Four methods(四種常用的方法)：,1、context (上下文語境) 2、word distinctions or collocations (詞語辨析和固定搭配) 3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息-原詞

6、復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等) 4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常識),完形填空 微技巧,褒貶法,褒貶法,I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14, he said, “Youre never going to be 37 but a failure.” 36. A. brightB. useless C. simpleD. hopeful 37. A. everythingB. anything C. nothingD. some

7、thing,貶的語境,Several years ago, while attending a communication course, I experienced a most unusual process. The instructor asked us to list something in our past that we felt 2 of, regretted, or incomplete about and read our lists aloud. 2. A. ashamed B. afraid C. sure D. proud,褒貶法,貶的語境,It makes me

8、unique and gives me a sense of 1 to know that I succeed in an area where 2 others do. 1. A. pride B. shame C. fear D. worry 2. A. few B. many C. a few D. some,褒貶法,褒的語境,Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almost always fun and interesting, and professors 51 them too

9、 because students learn so much in just a few short months. 50. A. working B. living C. teaching D. learning 51. A. believe B. like C. dislike D. oppose,褒貶法,褒的語境,復(fù)現(xiàn)詞,Anyone can give away what they no longer want, but true generosity is giving what you 30 . I, who had meant to teach, was taught. 30 A

10、. discard B. need C. have D. dislike,褒貶法,褒貶對比,She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) 1 vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. 1.A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important,褒貶法,褒貶對比, and the officers then began

11、to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 37 quite pleasant taste. 37. A. besides B. but C. and D. or,褒貶法,褒貶對比,I went into a caf and asked for a coffee. 1I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place, but I sensed 2 . I saw their bodies, but I

12、 couldnt feel their souls. 1. A. Before B. Since C. Although D. While 2. A. pain B. loneliness C. sadness D. fear,褒貶對比,褒貶法,Fifty years ago, zoos were places where the animals lived in cages with iron bars. The cages were easy to keep clean. 3 , for the animals, the cages were small and impossible to

13、 hide in. Although the zoo keepers took good care of them, many of the animals did not feel 5 , and they often became 6 . 3. A. Therefore B. However C. So D. Though 5. A. upset B. disturbed C. comfortable D. satisfied 6. A. excited B. angry C. ill D. frightened,褒貶法,褒貶對比,褒貶法,此處指的是廣義的褒貶，是指語義的積極/消極、正面/

14、負(fù)面、好的/壞的等廣義的褒義/貶義。詞匯意義上是相反或相對的。 信號詞：對比或相反: but, yet, however, instead, otherwise, or, although/though, while, 前后同向: and, too, also, other, another 褒貶法是根據(jù)前后文的語義關(guān)系，即褒義語境、貶義語境或褒貶對比選擇信號詞，或根據(jù)信號詞選擇前后文的用詞。,語境法,She took out her list. It had 21 items on it, enough to fill three pages, in fact. As she started

15、 reading the list of the little annoyances, she noticed that 22 were starting to appear in her husbands eyes. “Whats wrong?” she asked. 21 A many B no C few D several 22 A drops B images C tears D nothing,2. 語境,生活常識、生理常識,She put her round little 20 into Lucys, giving her a final kiss, and then laid

16、her 21 on top of the other toys. 20 A eyes B ears C face D head 21 A gratefully B quickly C painfully D gently,生理常識，生活常識,2. 語境,His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A.

17、cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker,社會常識，生活常識,2. 語境,So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back,社會常識,2. 語境,The amount of usable water has always been

18、of great interest in the world. Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild,舉例,自然常識,2. 語境,. I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the 38 smoking pistol from m

19、y hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla. 38. A. still B. yet C. even D. already,生活常識,2. 語境,語境法,這是完形填空的主要方法。根據(jù)故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、情節(jié)、起因、結(jié)果，使得做出的選項符合邏輯、符合實際、符合常識、符合自然的反應(yīng)。而不是邏輯不通、笑掉大牙、莫名其妙,復(fù)現(xiàn)詞法,Jack was at the theatre early and he was already in a policemans clothes long before the end of the fi

20、rst scene. He even thought of going out into the street to see whether he could pass as _ out there. A. a policemanB. an inspector C. an officer D. a manager,3. 復(fù)現(xiàn)詞法,原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard over the radio that . Todd saw the headlights coming at him and a car

21、pulled in for _. A. direction B. repairs C. gas D. parking,3. 復(fù)現(xiàn)詞法,原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),My first customer was a pretty girl _ a red dress. . Behind the girl in red stood a man carrying something wrapped in brown paper. A. wearing B. buying C. carryingD. wanting,3. 復(fù)現(xiàn)詞法,同義、近義復(fù)現(xiàn),Some parts of the water are very shall

22、ow. But in some places it is very, very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous,3. 復(fù)現(xiàn)詞法,反義復(fù)現(xiàn),First of all he was a window cleaner and in his first week had managed to _ at least six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean,3. 復(fù)現(xiàn)詞法,同源詞(派生)復(fù)現(xiàn),Jim got his reward, a large piece of paper from the headma

23、ster, who told him to write a composition on the dangers of smoking. What could Jim write about? He hadnt listened to the lecture and had nothing to say on the _. A. lecture B. point C. matter D. subject,3. 復(fù)現(xiàn)詞法,上下義復(fù)現(xiàn),3. 復(fù)現(xiàn)詞法,上下義復(fù)現(xiàn),He taught her how to rely on her other _, specifically her hearing,

24、to determine where she was and . A. feeling B. organsC. skillsD. senses,復(fù)現(xiàn)詞法,幾乎每篇完形都要使用的方法。指的是同一詞、派生詞、同義反義詞、上下義詞、解釋詞、換種說法等在前文或后文有出現(xiàn)，可以參照。,常見的標(biāo)志性的詞語有以下幾種: 結(jié)構(gòu)層次:firstly, secondly, thirdly； 邏輯關(guān)系：thus, therefore, so； 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：besides, whats more, further; 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, while, however等。,3. 利用語篇的標(biāo)志性的詞語解題,（2013三診）

25、 Last summer a tronado hit a small town nearby.I saw, in the local newspaper. a picture of a young woman , a little boy and a younger 11 standing in front of a totally destroyed house,- 11 A man B woman C boy D girl Meghan nodded, trying to 22 (hold back ) her tears .“Lucy makes me happy,Mummy. Mayb

26、e shell make that little girl happy.too,復(fù)現(xiàn)詞,How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel (琺瑯）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may

27、 feel quite ill. 51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt,上文中講蛀牙如何產(chǎn)生。 空51和紅體單詞在意義上是一致的， 屬于同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。,the hard white outside layer,復(fù)現(xiàn)詞,And video cameras can be used to _ peoples actions at home A. keep B. make C. record D. watch Soon I heard a_ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.

28、 A sound B cry C voice D shout,10.利用主語暗示解題,嗓子發(fā)出聲音,完形填空之 實戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練,1研究首尾，預(yù)測全文,（首句）Last summer a tronado hit a small town nearby. （尾句）Anyone can give away what they no longer need, but true generosity is giving what you 30（need）, I , who had meant to teach,was taught. 預(yù)測全文大意：一場臺風(fēng)襲擊了一小鎮(zhèn)，我，本來要教育孩子們捐贈，卻被他們教育了

29、：真正的的捐贈就是把你需要的捐給別人。,2捕捉題眼，尋找契機(jī) 3跳身 避難就易 節(jié)省時間 4掃尾 復(fù)讀全文 解決殘余,（13三診） Last summer a tronado hit a small town nearby.I saw, in the local newspaper. a picture of a young woman , a little boy and a younger 11 standing in front of a totally destroyed house, eyes wide open with12 . I noticed their clothing 1

30、3 closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less 14 . I 15 their situation to my seven-year-old twins,Brad and Martin, and 16 the boys to donate some of their less favorite toys.My little daughter,Meghan, 17 quitely when the boys piled up the old toys.

31、 After a while,Meghan walked up 18 lucy,her much-loved doll,11. A. man B. woman C. boy D. girl 12.A.fear B.anger C.pity D.sympathy 13. A. brands B. colors C. sizes D. prices 14. A. optimistic B. thankful C. fortunate D. wealthy 15.A.announced B. explained C. demonstratedD.translated 16.A.encouraged

32、B.commandeded C. requested D.allowed 17. A. waited B. behaved C. counted D watched 18. A. to B. with C. by D. for,原詞重現(xiàn),語境理解,排除法,語境-詞義,前后對等結(jié)構(gòu)分析（23）,語境-詞義,語境-詞義,原詞重現(xiàn)（25）,19 tightly to her chest. She put her round little 20 into Lucys ,giving her a final kiss,and then laid her 21 on top of the others.Oh,honey,I said.you dont have to give Lucy.You love her so much. Meghan nodded, trying to 22 her tears .“Lucy makes me happy,Mummy. Maybe shell make