1、,虛擬語氣講解 課件,1.英語動詞有三種語氣， 陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣. 2. 定義：用來表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。,虛擬語氣定義,虛擬語氣的考點 1、一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法； 2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝； 3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法； 4、狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法； 5、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣用法； 6、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。,一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法,1.一般條件句中的虛擬語氣,1. if i had hiv, i would know because i would feel sick. 2.

2、if i were you, i would give aids patient a hug. 3. if i had taken your advice, i wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. if he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,與現(xiàn)在事實相反,與過去事實相反,5. if it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6. i think we could do it, if we planned it properly and coul

3、d borrow the tools. 7. if we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,與未來事實相反,if i were you, i _ buy the house right now. a. wont b. dont c. wouldnt d. cant 2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. a. if the captain were b. if the captain had been c. should the captain

4、be d. if the captain would have been 3. if he _ me tomorrow, i would let him know a. should call b. should not have been able c. were not able d. are not able,b,c,a,2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝； 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中含有 should，were， had 三個助動詞并且放在句首時，可以把if省略。 if i were you, i would give it up. were i you, i would give it

5、up. if i had had time, i would have run round that lake again. had i had time, i would have run round that lake again. if there should be a flood, what should we do? a flood, what should we do?,shoul there be,3. 混合(時間錯綜)型虛擬語氣：,假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致，叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。 if the wea

6、ther had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. if you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.,without和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。(but for要不是),without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. but for your help, i wouldnt have finished the work. but for water, i

7、t would be impossible to live in the desert.,4. 含蓄虛擬條件句：,5. 虛實結(jié)合條件句。 she wasnt feeling very well. otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. he telephoned me to inform me of your birthday, or i would have known nothing about it. i should have returned the book last week, but i was so busy

8、 that i forgot to do so. he could have done the work well, but he was so careless.,真實語氣 + otherwise/or + 虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣 + but + 真實語氣,名詞從句中虛擬語氣的用法,1）wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,wish,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 未來：,過去時 (did/were),過去完成時 (had done),would/could/might+v. should,i wish i were a bird. (現(xiàn)在) i wish i hadnt made such a mistake. (過去)

9、we wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未來),2）主要是表示堅持，命令、要求、建議的虛擬語氣。 一個堅持：insist 兩個命令：order, command 三個建議：advise, suggest, propose 四個要求：demand , require, request, desire,這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞 使用should + 動詞原形，或者將should省略。,我們建議tom去休息一下。 他堅決要求我到場。 國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?we suggested that

10、 tom (should) have a rest.,he insisted that i (should) be present.,the king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.,they requested that we (should) send them to work there.,以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, reque

11、st, desire,its suggested that the plan be carried out. my demand is that she should come to see me once a week. all of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,2. 主語從句 1）its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that - 從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即(should)+動詞原形,1.it is important that

12、 we ( should ) master a foreign language. 2. it is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 3. its necessary that we should study hard.,2）its a pity/ no wonder + that - 從句中的動詞要用虛擬，表示驚訝，遺憾，惋惜等感情色彩，即should+動詞原形,1.it is a pity that she should refuse to accept the offer. 2. it is no wonder that joh

13、n should have won the game.,名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 a、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 在動詞 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虛擬語氣。,考題點擊： the teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. a. finished b. be finished c. should finish d. finish

14、 2. - what did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - he suggested that she _ an operation at once. a. must haveb. hadc. have d. had had,b,c,b、主語從句中的虛擬語氣 基本句型： it is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do it is important, necessary, natural, desira

15、ble, strange, advisable, imperative it is a pity, a shame, no wonder,考題點擊： 1. is it necessary that he _ the examination? a. takesb. has to takec. must taked. take 2. it is strange that he _ you this. a. would tell b. should tell c. had told d. has told,d,b,c、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 在 suggestion, proposal,

16、idea, plan, order, advice 等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。my idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.i make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,考題點擊： his suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. a. try b. tries c. must try d. can try,a,狀語從

17、句中虛擬語氣的用法,1）as if /as though,現(xiàn)在： 過去：,過去時,過去完成時,he looks as if he were drunk.,they talked as if they had been friends for years.,she loves the baby as if it were her own son. it seems as if it were spring. i remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,2）in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的虛

18、擬語氣,1. he took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. 2. i will not make a noise for fear that i should disturb you.,常用虛擬語氣的句型,1. would rather that -,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 未來：,i would rather you paid me now. (現(xiàn)在),i would rather you had gone, too. (過去),dont come. i would rather you came tomorrow. (未來),過去時,過

19、去時,過去完成時,2. if only (要是就好了) if only i knew his name! if only we had followed your advice! if only i could see him again!,要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 要是我沒錯過火車就好了！,if only our parents could live with us!,if only i hadnt missed the train!,3. its high time +that -,should +v.,過去時,你該走了。,我們該睡覺了。,its high time that

20、 you went. its high time that you should go.,its time that we went to bed. its time that we should go to bed.,經(jīng)典題目 1. if you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. asked would know had asked would have known c. asked him know d. had asked would know 2. what would have happened, _ as far as the river

21、 bank? a. bob had walked farther b. if bob should walk farther c. had bob walked farther d. if bob walked farther,c,d,3. how i wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海) a. hasb. hadc. will haved. had had 4. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (9

22、5 n) a. breaksb. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken,b,c,陳述語氣與虛擬語氣 典型例題5) the volleyball match will be put off if it _. a.will rain b. rains c. rained d. is rained 6) - would you have called her up _ possible? - yes, but i _ busy doing my homework. a. had it been was b. if it was were c. if it had been had been d. if it were would be,b,該句為陳述語氣，因為主句用的是 will be put off。真實條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代將來時。,問句中用的是虛擬語氣，主句用 would have called, 從句中與過去相反的動詞形式為 had done；答句中表示的是真實的情況，所以該用陳述語氣。,a,高考題點擊7) you didnt let me drive. if we _ in turn, you _ so tired. a. drovedidnt getb. had drivenwouldn