1、定 語 從 句,定 語 從 句 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 功能 用于限制性從句和 只用于 作用 非限制性從句 限制性從句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主語 who which that 賓語 whom which that 定語 whose whose (=of whom) (=of which) 1.作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。 The boys who are playing football on the playground are my classmates.,The man that (who) is talking to me is

2、 a friend of hers. He is the man who (that) means what he says. 2.作賓語： The man whom you want to see has come. The letter which /that I received yesterday was from a friend of mine. 3.作定語：關(guān)系代詞whose 在定語從句中作定語用。 The girl whose father is our math teacher is a good singer. He mentioned a book whose autho

3、r (=the author of which) I cant remember now.,4.使用要點(diǎn): 1)關(guān)系代詞的省略 (1)直接賓語時(shí)可以省略。例如: The man (whom) you saw just now is our manager. Who was the woman (that) you were talking with? Is there anything (that) I can do for you? (2)在“there+be” 結(jié)構(gòu)的從句中作主語的關(guān)系代詞可以省 略。 This is the only bus (that) there is to that

4、 park Note: 關(guān)系代詞放在介詞后作賓語時(shí)，不能省略。但介詞 位于詞尾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。例如 : This is the girl with whom he worked. (whom不可省) This is the girl (whom) he worked with.,This is the room in which Churchill was born . (which不可省) This is the room (which) Churchill was born in. 2)如果關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面，不能用who或 that, 只 能用which或 whom This

5、is the question about which (不用that) they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks. The people with whom （不用that）he worked thought he was a bit strange. 3)如果先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞 一般只用 that, 不用 which Please just tell me anything (tha

6、t) you know about the author of the book. Thats all (that) I could do at that time.,4)如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及 first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用 that不用 which, who或 whom He is the only person that was present at the time. This is the best TV set that is made in China. No sample that

7、we have received is satisfactory. Please send us any information that you have about the subject. 5)在非限制性定語從句中，不能用that，作賓語的代詞也 不能省略 The Heavenly Lake, which (不能用that) is one of the world famous scenic spots, is on Tianshan Mountain. There are thirty students in the class, the majority of whom (不能用th

8、at) are from the city.,6.Which 可以引導(dǎo)修飾整個(gè)主句的定語從句 Which 還有一種特殊的用法， 它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which 可以做主語， 也可以做賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思同 and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主語） She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole

9、family considered a great honour. (which作賓語) He lost the manuscript during the war, in which case he had to rewrite the book. (which作定語),She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. (which作表語) He will become the man which his father wants him to be. (which指人，作表語 ) whose 的

10、用法 (1)whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句，既可指人也可指物。Whose 還常在定語從句中同it連用，it 起形式主語的作用，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。 This is the building whose windows were all painted green.,A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach. A teacher is a person whose duty it is to teach. 后兩句意思相同，結(jié)構(gòu)有所不同。Whose duty it is to teach 中 it是形式主語，真正主語是不定式 to teach，從 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) it i

11、s his duty to teach 演化而來。 (2)定語從句中的whose 表示所屬關(guān)系作定語時(shí)，可 用of which替代， (3)這種用法指物不指人。 下面三句意思相同： The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river of which the bank are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.,(3)名詞（代

12、詞或數(shù)詞）+of +whom 和名詞（代詞或數(shù)詞）+of +which若用定語從句表示“所屬”關(guān)系，先行詞指人時(shí)，用“名詞（代詞或數(shù)+of+whom”結(jié)構(gòu)，先行詞指物時(shí)， 用“名詞（代詞或數(shù)詞）+of +which”結(jié)構(gòu)，of前表示部分，of后表示整體。例如： The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of whom are women. The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s.,關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中分別表示時(shí) 間，地點(diǎn)或原

13、因等。 關(guān)系副詞的意思相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，其用法如下： when (=at, in, on, during which), 表示時(shí)間，在從句中 作時(shí)間狀語 where (=in, at which) 表示地點(diǎn)， 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語 why (for which) 代替 reason, 在從句中作原因狀語 He will always remember the day when (on which) his father returned from America. This was the time when (at which ) she left for Beijing. Th

14、e book store where (in which) his sister works is the largest one in Nanjing.,I dont know the reason why (for which) he didnt come to the meeting yesterday morning. Note: time 作先行詞，前面如有序數(shù)詞和last 修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句不能用 when，只能用that（可省略）。但前面如無序數(shù)詞或last， 則既可用when 也可用 that 引導(dǎo)定語從句。 This is the last time that I shal

15、l give you a lesson. The first time I saw Premier Zhou Enlai was in 1958.,as 在定語從句中的用法 1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句 在限制性定語從句中，as多和such或 the same 連用，構(gòu)成 “suchas” 和 “the sameas” 結(jié)構(gòu)可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。 Such book as I have read are classical works. (as作賓語) Ive never seen such a talented young man as he is. (as 作表語) 2.在非限制性定語從

16、句中，as作為關(guān)系代詞代替整個(gè)主句。as引導(dǎo)的從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面，中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，通常譯為“(正)如一樣，(正)象一樣”等。,EgHe looks like a college student，as in fact he is. Water is not sweet as sugar is as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可指前面已經(jīng)提到的情況，也可指后面將要提到的情況，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常指代的是前面提到過的情況或事實(shí)，只能放在主句之后 As (不用which) might be expected，John was admitted to the

17、 university. (as代替后面的句子，在從句中作主語) John was admitted to the meeting，as / which might be expected,限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 名 稱 意義 結(jié)構(gòu)要求 功能 引導(dǎo)詞 譯法 限制 起限制作用, 緊跟先行 關(guān)系代詞，一般 性定 指定的人或 詞，同先 修飾關(guān)系副詞 譯為 語從 物，不可省 行詞之間 先 行 或that(作 定語 句 略，否則原 一般不加 詞 賓語時(shí)可 從句 句句意不 逗號(hào) 省略) 完整 非限 僅作補(bǔ)充或 用逗號(hào)與 修飾 只用關(guān)系 可 制性 說明，若省 主句隔開 先行 代詞或關(guān) 譯為 定語

18、略掉, 原句 詞或 系副詞, 并列 也是完整的 整個(gè) 不用that 分句 主句,I dont like people who lose their temper easily He lent me a thousand dollars，which was exactly the amount I needed 比較： He has two sisters who are working in the city (限制性，意為：有兩個(gè)在這個(gè)城里工作的妹妹，言外之意是：他可能還有別的妹妹不在這個(gè)城里工作。) He has two sisters，who are working in the city (非限制性，補(bǔ)充說明) Note: 用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞