1、2020/9/2,Specialized English for Thermal Energy and Power Engineering,熱能動(dòng)力工程專業(yè)英語,2020/9/2,How to write an abstract in English 如何撰寫英文摘要,IMRaD結(jié)構(gòu)及Ashby提出的概念圖法,2020/9/2,How to write an abstract in English 如何撰寫英文摘要,這里將對(duì)摘要的撰寫進(jìn)行介紹。,論文各基本組成部分的寫作,1,2,4,3,研究的過程及采用的方法 Process and Methods,主要結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn) Results,主要結(jié)論和推

2、論 Conclusion,研究的目的 Objective or purpose,摘要的要素,Abstract（摘要）,論文各基本組成部分的寫作,Abstract（摘要）,論文各基本組成部分的寫作,用詞的準(zhǔn)確性 例1: the attenuation caused by the quartz optical fiber is light light (?) negligible () 例2: the radiation signal will be projected to the detector of the spectroscopy. spectroscopy (?) Spectromet

3、er () 例3：無干擾的測(cè)量方法 non-contact measurement method (?) non-intrusive measurement method (),詞匯,用詞的多樣性 例1: 如圖一所示 XXX was shown/plotted/illustrated/depicted in Fig.1. 例2: 做實(shí)驗(yàn) The experiments were done/performed/carried out 例3: 用儀器 A device was used/employed/utilized 例4: 計(jì)算得到結(jié)果 The results were calculated

4、/determined/obtained,詞匯,句子間連接副詞 However Therefore Hence Moreover 摘要中常用動(dòng)詞 was studied was investigated was introduced was proposed,常用詞匯,概述結(jié)果 prove show that reveal indicate 與一致 consistent in good agreement with accord with match quite well to,常見句型 圖/表相關(guān) 句尾加(Fig./Table.) As shown in . XXX shows that I

5、t is shown that. It reveals that. It can be observed that.,常見句型I,定義 means that refers to is considered to be 分類 It can be divided (subdivided) into It can be classified as 問題的相關(guān)性 This is a problem concerned with/concerning/related to /dealing with/ relating to.,常見句型II,We can not get the real spectra

6、 from the spectrometer directly. We? 請(qǐng)不要出現(xiàn)第一人稱，使用第三人稱 real? 用詞不欠當(dāng) The absolute spectra can not be obtained from the spectrometer directly.,例句I,In terms of transient calorimetric, the measurement process takes too much time and it is troubled to make the sample before measurement. Too much time? Trou

7、ble? Make the sample? In terms of transient calorimetric, the measurement process is time consuming and it is difficult to prepare the sample before measurement. 用詞的專業(yè)性！,例句II,In this way, a laser of wave length 532nm is applied to illuminate the sample cell which contains nanoparticles with nominal

8、sizes; A CCD camera was set in the scattering angle = 45 to receive the spatial distribution of scattered light. 時(shí)態(tài)的一致性 In the image DLS method, a laser at 532nm was applied to illuminate the sample cell which contained nanoparticles with nominal sizes; A CCD camera was placed in the scattering angl

9、e () of 45 to receive the spatial distribution of scattered light.,例句III,It shows that the spectral curves measured directly by the spectrometer are very different from the theoretical ones, but the corrected ones are nearly the same It can be used for in-line measurements and has a relatively higher upper temperature limit. 定量而不只是定性！,例句IV,避免冗長的句子，請(qǐng)盡量使用短句。簡(jiǎn)潔明了，