1、應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)翻譯,作者：顧雪梁,責(zé)任編輯：張 琛 出版日期：2009年9月 IDPN：308-2009-163 課件章數(shù)：14,第四節(jié) 詞的重復(fù),重復(fù)是相對(duì)于原文中的省略而言的，重復(fù)法實(shí)際上也是一種增詞法，只不過(guò)所增加的詞是上文剛剛出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞而已。翻譯中之所以需要重復(fù)，是由于英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)兩種語(yǔ)言有著不同的句法和修辭格式。英語(yǔ)句子里一些省略的詞或詞組，按漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式卻必須予以再現(xiàn)，因而應(yīng)當(dāng)在譯文中加以重復(fù)，以達(dá)到明確、強(qiáng)調(diào)或生動(dòng)的目的。,第四節(jié) 詞的重復(fù),一、一般詞的重復(fù),II重復(fù)動(dòng)詞,二、疊詞的重復(fù),I漢語(yǔ)疊詞的重復(fù),II英語(yǔ)疊詞的重復(fù),IV重復(fù)一些比較關(guān)鍵的詞,III重復(fù)代詞,V運(yùn)用四字詞組或成

2、語(yǔ)重復(fù),I重復(fù)名詞,一、一般詞的重復(fù)I重復(fù)名詞,I重復(fù)名詞 1重復(fù)英語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞 Examples,我們來(lái)制定課堂紀(jì)律規(guī)則和寢室衛(wèi)生規(guī)則吧。,制定計(jì)劃并執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的是公司經(jīng)理。,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力非常重要。,1Let us make our class discipline and dormitory sanitary regulations.,2It was the manager of the company who made and carried out the project.,3It is important to cultivate the students ab

3、ilities to analyze and solve problems.,I重復(fù)名詞 1重復(fù)英語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞 Examples,良好的生活習(xí)慣和學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣有助于學(xué)生取得好成績(jī)。,我曾碰到過(guò)，不是車(chē)胎出故障，就是引擎出故障。,4Good life and study habits contribute a lot to the good performance of a student.,5I had experienced tire or engine trouble.,I重復(fù)名詞 2重復(fù)英語(yǔ)中作表語(yǔ)的名詞 Examples,他終于成了一個(gè)汽車(chē)大亨一個(gè)白手起家 的汽車(chē)大亨。,這一直是我們的

4、立場(chǎng)而不是他們的立場(chǎng)。,他是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。,1He finally became a car baronall by himself.,2This has been our positionbut not theirs.,3He is your friend as much as he is mine.,I重復(fù)名詞 3. 重復(fù)英語(yǔ)中做先行詞的名詞 Examples,他發(fā)送了一封電子郵件，這封電子郵件會(huì)傳到 公司管理人員手中。,這個(gè)孩子非常懼怕他父親，他父親經(jīng)常打他而且 打得很重。,英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句常用關(guān)系詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞一方面表示定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞（名詞或代詞），一方面在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)

5、任一個(gè)成分。漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有關(guān)系詞，往往需要重復(fù)這個(gè)作先行詞的名詞。英語(yǔ)中的同位語(yǔ)，在譯文中有時(shí)也可以重復(fù)先行詞。,1He has presented an e-mail which finds its way to the management of the company.,2The child in particular lived in terror of his father, who had beat him quiet often and hard.,I重復(fù)名詞 3. 重復(fù)英語(yǔ)中做先行詞的名詞 Examples,所有這些安排都只是這次見(jiàn)面的序曲，見(jiàn)面才 是她的最終目的。,水可由能量來(lái)分

6、解，能量也就是電源。,他知道有人會(huì)跟蹤他到天涯海角，這個(gè)人就是 偵探。,3All of these arrangements were a prelude to the meeting, her ultimate aim.,4Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.,5He knew that someone is going to follow his ass to the end of the earth, a detective.,II重復(fù)動(dòng)詞 1在英語(yǔ)句子中，一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后常連接幾個(gè)賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，在漢語(yǔ)譯文中往往

7、要重復(fù)該動(dòng)詞。 Examples,他是個(gè)說(shuō)真話的人呢，還是個(gè)說(shuō)謊的人？,他過(guò)去喜歡讀小說(shuō)，讀散文，讀詩(shī)歌。,1Is he a truth teller or a liar?,2He used to read novels, essays and poems.,她非常激動(dòng)，又是親吻丈夫，又是親吻女兒。,這次車(chē)禍不僅傷了出租車(chē)司機(jī)，也傷了乘客。,他們談北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)，談汶川地震，還談到其它 社會(huì)大事。,II重復(fù)動(dòng)詞 1在英語(yǔ)句子中，一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后常連接幾個(gè)賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，在漢語(yǔ)譯文中往往要重復(fù)該動(dòng)詞。 Examples,3She was so excited that she kissed her husba

8、nd and her daughter.,4The car accident injured not only the taxi driver but the passenger too.,5They talked about the Beijing Olympic Games, Wenchuan Earthquake, and other social events.,II重復(fù)動(dòng)詞 2在英語(yǔ)句子中，動(dòng)詞后有介詞時(shí)，在第二次第三次往往只用介詞而省略動(dòng)詞，在譯文中則要重復(fù)動(dòng)詞以代替英語(yǔ)中重復(fù)的介詞。如果介詞也省略了，譯文中仍可以重復(fù)動(dòng)詞。 Examples,學(xué)生們談目前的校園生活，談未來(lái)的工作，

9、談 各自的前途。,長(zhǎng)發(fā)女子靜靜地站在湖邊，全身沐浴在陽(yáng)光中， 沐浴在在微風(fēng)里。,1The students talked of the present life on campus, of the future jobs, of their own prospect.,2The girl with long hair stand silently by the lake，all bathed in sunshine and in breeze.,II重復(fù)動(dòng)詞 2 Examples,他不再害怕困難，也不再害怕失敗。,廠家在產(chǎn)品方面不僅提供良好的質(zhì)量，而且還提 供優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)。,他們想要確定，他是否履

10、行了受雇條件，是否履 行了應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)。,3He is no longer afraid of difficulties，nor of failures.,4The manufacturer supplied its products not only with high quality, but with good after-sale service.,5They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and with his obligations.,III重復(fù)代詞 1英語(yǔ)中使用代詞的地方，翻

11、譯時(shí)往往可按漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣重復(fù)其所代替的名詞。 Examples,在車(chē)禍中失去父母的男孩睜開(kāi)眼睛，眼里充滿 了淚水。,重要的是你要承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，并改正錯(cuò)誤。,1The boy who lost his parents in the accident opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.,2It is vital for you to acknowledge your mistake，and correct it.,III重復(fù)代詞 1英語(yǔ)中使用代詞的地方，翻譯時(shí)往往可按漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣重復(fù)其所代替的名詞。 Examples,他討厭失敗，他一生中曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗，超越

12、失敗。,她是一個(gè)舞蹈家，并且是一個(gè)很有天賦的舞蹈家。,父母應(yīng)該照顧孩子，也應(yīng)該尊重孩子。,3He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it.,4She was a dancer and gifted one at that.,5Parents should take care of their children and respect them as well.,III重復(fù)代詞 Examples 2. 英語(yǔ)中用物主代詞its, his, their等等以代替句中做主語(yǔ)的名詞（有時(shí)附有修飾語(yǔ)）時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)往往可以

13、不用代詞而重復(fù)其做主語(yǔ)的名詞；英語(yǔ)中強(qiáng)勢(shì)關(guān)系代詞或強(qiáng)勢(shì)關(guān)系副詞whoever, whenever, wherever等等，翻譯時(shí)往往使用重復(fù)處理法；英語(yǔ)中用 some.and others. (some.,others.)連用的句子，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)往往是謂語(yǔ)重復(fù)形式“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可以用“有的.有的. ”句式。,幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦惱。,各國(guó)有各國(guó)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。,1Each country has its own customs.,2Happy families also had their own troubles.,III重復(fù)代詞 2. Examples,誰(shuí)觸犯了法律，誰(shuí)就應(yīng)該受到

14、懲罰。,你什么時(shí)候需要幫助，就什么時(shí)候來(lái)找我。,星期日下午，有的學(xué)生打籃球，有的踢足球。,3Whoever violates laws should be punished.,4Come to me whenever you need help.,5On Sunday afternoon, some students played basketball and others played soccer.,IV重復(fù)一些比較關(guān)鍵的詞,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某種意義或某種感情，為了使譯文明確具體，英語(yǔ)句子中往往重復(fù)關(guān)鍵性的詞，英譯漢時(shí)可以采用同樣的重復(fù)手段。,IV重復(fù)一些比較關(guān)鍵的詞 Examples,他既精于操

15、作，又善于設(shè)計(jì) 。,重要的是生活在社會(huì)，不能脫離社會(huì)。,他想給地震災(zāi)民增加援助，增加些食品，增加些衣物。,1He was proficient both as an operator and as a designer.,2It is important to live in society and be independent of society.,3He wanted to send the earthquake-stricken victims more aid, more foods and more clothes.,IV重復(fù)一些比較關(guān)鍵的詞 Examples,對(duì)于他的被俘或判刑，

16、既沒(méi)有電臺(tái)廣播，也沒(méi)有上電 視節(jié)目，報(bào)刊上也沒(méi)有報(bào)道過(guò)。,交易完成后，賣(mài)方不得自稱(chēng)，也不得允許他人宣稱(chēng)賣(mài) 方在公司中擁有權(quán)益或與公司有任何關(guān)聯(lián)。,4There had been no radio, TV, or press mention of either his arrest or conviction.,5After completion, the Vendor shall not in any way hold itself out or permit itself to be held out as being interested in, or in any way connect

17、ed with, the Company.,V運(yùn)用四字詞組或成語(yǔ)重復(fù),漢語(yǔ)中有不少四字詞組。在四字詞組中，前后兩對(duì)字形成對(duì)偶，往往具有相同或類(lèi)似的含義，所以也是一種重復(fù)。英譯漢時(shí)我們可酌情采用此類(lèi)對(duì)偶四字詞組，使譯文顯得生動(dòng)活潑，增強(qiáng)修辭效果。例如： Gratitude 感恩戴德 great contributions 豐功偉績(jī) Ingratitude忘恩負(fù)義 Prosperity繁榮昌盛 eternal glory to 永垂不朽 Vivid生動(dòng)活潑 Hesitate彷徨猶豫 Arrogance驕傲自大 Grotesque奇形怪狀 Careless粗心大意 Rumors流言蜚語(yǔ) street

18、 gossip街談巷議,V運(yùn)用四字詞組或成語(yǔ)重復(fù) Examples,謀事在人，成事在天。,金無(wú)足赤，人無(wú)完人。,多數(shù)人興高采烈之日，卻是少數(shù)人傷心失意之時(shí)。,1Man proposes, God disposes.,2There are lees to every wine.,3If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.,V運(yùn)用四字詞組或成語(yǔ)重復(fù) Examples,這是一個(gè)晴朗的日子，杭州的大街上人來(lái)人往。,既然我們是朋友，就不必拐彎抹角，請(qǐng)直言不諱吧。,5Since we a

19、re friends，we dont need to beat the push, lets come to the point.,4It was a bright day, and the streets of Hangzhou were with moving men.,課后練習(xí)I. Put the following sentences into Chinese.,1. Each has his own habits. 2. Jane opened the small box. It was filled with pearls. 3. Come to see me whenever y

20、ou are convenient. 4.Whoever violates the class disciplines should be criticized.,各人有各人的習(xí)慣。,珍妮打開(kāi)小盒子，盒子里都是珍珠。,你什么時(shí)候方便，就什么時(shí)候來(lái)找我。,誰(shuí)違反了課堂紀(jì)律，誰(shuí)就應(yīng)該受到批評(píng)。,課后練習(xí)I. Put the following sentences into Chinese.,5. A good film serves to educate and inspire the people. 6. If once virtue is lost, all is lost. 7. Year

21、after year the moon goes around the sun. 8. I want to talk to you about my work, about our cooperation.,一部好的電影可以教育人們，可以激勵(lì)人們。,一旦美德失去了，什么都失去了。,年復(fù)一年，月球繞地球而行。,我想和你談?wù)勎业墓ぷ?，談?wù)勎覀冎苯游覀兊暮献鳌?課后練習(xí)I. Put the following sentences into Chinese.,9. He wanted to give the poor children more foods and more clothes. 10.

22、But his mother kept complaining about his laziness and his carelessness. 11. They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the traveling. 12. Yesterday I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.,他想給這些可憐的孩子們?cè)黾有┦称?，增加些衣物?可是他的媽媽不停地抱怨他懶惰，抱怨他粗心。,他們不太愿意推遲這次旅行或者取消這次旅行

23、。,昨天我遇到了一位老朋友。這位老朋友告訴我說(shuō)他下周要出國(guó)去。,課后練習(xí)II. Put the following sentences into English.,1.眼不見(jiàn)，心不煩。 2.一些人考進(jìn)了大學(xué)，一些人參了軍。 3.凡是努力工作的都將會(huì)受到尊重。 4.那位演員的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)鬧得滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知。 .,Out of sight, out of mind.,Some have entered college and others have joined in the army.,Whoever works hard will be respected.,There had been t

24、oo much publicity about that actors case.,課后練習(xí)II. Put the following sentences into English.,5. 球場(chǎng)上，一些人在打籃球，一些人在打羽毛球。 6. 必須培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。 7. 在學(xué)有機(jī)化學(xué)這門(mén)課程的時(shí)候，我碰到了重重困難。 8. 我書(shū)架上的小說(shuō)你最?lèi)?ài)哪一本，你就可以借哪一本。,On the playground, some are playing basketball, and others are playing badminton.,Students must be cultiva

25、ted to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.,I had met with great difficulty in learning organic chemistry.,You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best.,課后練習(xí)II. Put the following sentences into English.,9. 他一遍又一遍地反復(fù)閱讀這份待簽協(xié)議。 10. 既然答應(yīng)了要幫助他，你就應(yīng)該幫助他。 11. 我們必須勇敢地面對(duì)一切困難并克服一切困難。

26、12. 政治變革可能會(huì)引起社會(huì)變革和經(jīng)濟(jì)變革。,He read and re-read the agreement to be signed.,You should help him since you have promised to do so.,We must bravely face all the difficulties and try to conquer them.,Political change may cause social and economic changes.,二、疊詞的重復(fù),I漢語(yǔ)疊詞 的重復(fù),2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯,II英語(yǔ)疊詞 的重復(fù),2. 英語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯,語(yǔ)言

27、的基本構(gòu)成是詞語(yǔ)，詞語(yǔ)是聲音和意義的結(jié)合。語(yǔ)言講究聲音美，詞語(yǔ)的聲音和諧有助于意義的表達(dá)。重疊是英漢語(yǔ)都有的一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，是加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言表現(xiàn)能力的一種有效手段。疊詞的重復(fù)翻譯可以使譯文形式整齊、結(jié)構(gòu)均衡，可以加強(qiáng)譯文的節(jié)奏感和韻律感。,1漢語(yǔ)疊詞的形態(tài)格式,1英語(yǔ)疊詞及其表現(xiàn)形式,I漢語(yǔ)疊詞的重復(fù) 1漢語(yǔ)疊詞的形態(tài)格式,名詞重疊，表示“每個(gè)”、“所有”、“許多”、小”、“雜”或某種感情色彩等。例如： AA式: 天天人人 事事 AABB式: 溝溝洼洼 星星點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 世世代代 數(shù)量詞重疊，表示“每個(gè)”、“逐個(gè)”、“許多”或某種感情色彩等。例如： AA式: 件件 條條 篇篇 ABB式: 一簇簇 一袋袋 一朵

28、朵 ABAB式: 一口一口 一雙一雙一顆一顆 AABB式: 三三兩兩 七七八八千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn),I漢語(yǔ)疊詞的重復(fù) 1漢語(yǔ)疊詞的形態(tài)格式,動(dòng)詞重疊，表示動(dòng)作的輕微、反復(fù)、完成、連 續(xù)、輕松、隨便等。例如： AA式: 談?wù)?歇歇 說(shuō)說(shuō) A一A式： 看一看 試一試 熱一熱 A了A式： 看了看 試了試 摸了摸 A啊/呀A式： 唱呀唱 游呀游 走呀走 ABAB式: 收拾收拾 整理整理 休息休息 AABB式: 吞吞吐吐 拖拖拉拉 吵吵鬧鬧 A著A著式： 說(shuō)著說(shuō)著 數(shù)著數(shù)著 跳著跳著,I漢語(yǔ)疊詞的重復(fù) 1漢語(yǔ)疊詞的形態(tài)格式,形容詞重疊，表示程度的加重、加深、加強(qiáng)、減輕或喜愛(ài)、厭惡等情緒。例如： AA式: 深深 冷冷

29、 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn) ABB式：白茫茫 亮晶晶 亮堂堂 AABB式: 大大方方 漂漂亮亮 彎彎曲曲 ABAB式: 冰冷冰冷 嶄新嶄新 雪白雪白 副詞重疊。例如：AA式：剛剛 頻頻往往,I漢語(yǔ)疊詞的重復(fù) 1漢語(yǔ)疊詞的形態(tài)格式,象聲詞重疊，形式多種多樣。 例如： 嘩嘩 嗡嗡轟隆隆 附加式重疊，主要用來(lái)是表達(dá)形象、生動(dòng)，其格式豐富彩。 例如：AAB式: 毛毛雨 團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn) 蒙蒙亮 AABC式: 心心相印 歷歷在目 楚楚動(dòng)人 ABCC式: 含情脈脈 楊柳依依 春風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí) 偏正并列式、動(dòng)賓并列式、主謂并列式及其它形式的重疊。 例如：ABA式: 頭頂頭肩并肩 心連心 ABCB式:一拖再拖以毒攻毒 好說(shuō)歹說(shuō) ABAC式: 有聲

30、有色 所作所為 難兄難弟,I漢語(yǔ)疊詞的重復(fù) 2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯,漢語(yǔ)疊詞英譯時(shí), 有的可選用對(duì)應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)疊詞, 有的可譯成英語(yǔ)的諧音疊詞, 但更多的可譯成英語(yǔ)的同義詞的重疊。例如: 馬馬虎虎-so so 反反復(fù)復(fù)-again and again 地地道道-through and through 磨磨蹭蹭-dilly dally 昏昏沉沉-dizzy and sleepy 哼哼唧唧-groan and moan孤孤單單-lonely and single 和和氣氣-polite and amiable 但是漢語(yǔ)中的大多數(shù)疊詞很難選用對(duì)應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)疊詞進(jìn)行翻譯, 只能舍棄其形式而翻譯其意義，用比較切近、自

31、然的譯文表達(dá)出原文的語(yǔ)意和體現(xiàn)重疊后詞的詞義變化。例如： 平平靜靜-in quiet 試試 (試試看)-have a try,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 Examples 1）借助every（every-）、all、each等詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行翻譯。,Each and every one of these rescue soldiers is brave.,All of her dresses are fashionable and beautiful.,Its everybodys duty to protect and defend our environment.,3保護(hù)環(huán)境，人人有責(zé)。,2她的件件衣服都時(shí)

32、尚漂亮。,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 Examples 1）借助every（every-）、all、each等詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行翻譯。,Do not haggle over every ounce.,Their tactics is to go ahead steadily and entrench themselves at every step，and then strike sure blows.,4不要斤斤計(jì)較。,5他們的戰(zhàn)術(shù)是步步為營(yíng)，穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打。,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 2）用同詞連續(xù)反復(fù)方法翻譯 Examples,Rain stopped，and little by little the flood wat

33、er receded.,The doctor examined the patient very, very carefully.,1雨停了，洪水慢慢地退了。,2. 醫(yī)生仔仔細(xì)細(xì)給病人做了檢查。,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 2）用同詞連續(xù)反復(fù)方法翻譯 Examples,And trust us not at all or all in all.,He translated and translated and finally got the novel through after a whole month.,The rescue team walked on and on. It was after

34、a long walk that they arrived at the destination.,4. 他翻譯啊翻譯，翻譯了整整一個(gè)月，終于把這本小說(shuō)翻譯完了。,5. 走呀走，走了很久，救援隊(duì)才走到目的地。,3. 要么就一點(diǎn)也不相信我們，要么就完完全全相信我們。,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 3）用復(fù)數(shù)形式翻譯 Examples,Tourists were seated in the bench along the river by twos and threes.,Crowds of people swarmed into the area.,3. 一群一群的人蜂擁進(jìn)入該區(qū)域。,Thousands o

35、f goods and materials are immediately sent to the earthquake-stricken area.,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 4）用語(yǔ)義相符的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)化疊詞的語(yǔ)意 Examples,As they listened they burst into laughter.,There are too many things for us to attend to recently.,1他們聽(tīng)著聽(tīng)著，不覺(jué)哈哈大笑起來(lái)。,2. 最近我們的事情太多了，做都做不完。,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 4）用語(yǔ)義相符的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)化疊詞的語(yǔ)意 Examp

36、les,This kid was very obedient and always did as his father told him.,You must work out the problem in a down-to-earth way.,Chairman of the board had been so busy with his own emotion that he had forgotten about the appointment.,3. 這個(gè)孩子很聽(tīng)話，父親的話句句聽(tīng)。,5. 董事長(zhǎng)思緒滾滾，早已忘卻約會(huì)一事。,4. 你們應(yīng)該扎扎實(shí)實(shí)地把這個(gè)問(wèn)題解決好。,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯

37、 5）用have（or make，take，give，etc）+ 名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的重疊形式，表達(dá)一次性動(dòng)作或嘗試行為，此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞大多與動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞有詞源關(guān)系。 Examples,Its necessary to have a check-up on the measurement instrument before use.,Please take a smell at the orange osmanthus.,1測(cè)量?jī)x器在使用之前需要檢查檢查。,2請(qǐng)聞一聞這株金桂的氣味。,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 5）用have（or make，take，give，etc）+ 名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的重

38、疊形式，表達(dá)一次性動(dòng)作或嘗試行為。 Examples,Lets have a try on the new approach.,You two have an exchange of views on the project.,You may well give him a fright，but be sure not to wound him.,3咱們?cè)囋囘@種新方法吧。,5你們只可以嚇一嚇?biāo)?，可別把他打傷了。,4你們倆就這個(gè)方案交換交換意見(jiàn)。,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 6）用英語(yǔ)的疊詞翻譯漢語(yǔ)的疊詞 Examples,The parking lot was chock-a-block with va

39、rious cars.,A path zigzags up the hill.,1停車(chē)場(chǎng)讓各種轎車(chē)塞得滿滿的。,2. 一條小徑曲曲折折通向山頂。,2漢語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 6）用英語(yǔ)的疊詞翻譯漢語(yǔ)的疊詞 Examples,Without enough money，we have to pay in dribs and drabs.,We wanted things to be completely above board and no hanky-panky.,Suddenly，we heard the tick-tack of sleet on the windshield.,3. 沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)，我

40、們只好零零星星地償還債務(wù)。,5.忽然，我們聽(tīng)到雨夾雪打在車(chē)擋風(fēng)玻璃上的滴滴答答的聲音。,4. 我們要求把事情完全擺在桌面上，而不是鬼鬼祟祟。,II英語(yǔ)疊詞的重復(fù),英語(yǔ)重疊詞利用音節(jié)重疊或是詞素重疊，構(gòu)成疊聲合成詞，它多數(shù)是名詞，也可轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞、動(dòng)詞或副詞。英語(yǔ)重疊詞從修辭的角度講，重疊詞能夠表達(dá)不同的附加意義和感情色彩，與漢語(yǔ)的雙聲或疊韻詞有很大的相似性。,II英語(yǔ)疊詞的重復(fù) 1英語(yǔ)疊詞及其表現(xiàn)形式,英語(yǔ)疊詞沒(méi)有漢語(yǔ)疊詞豐富。 英語(yǔ)重疊詞主要利用雙聲和音韻重疊構(gòu)成，其特點(diǎn)是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上相同詞合成, 詞與詞之間用連字符相接, 也有不使用連字符的。,1英語(yǔ)疊詞及其表現(xiàn)形式 1）利用雙聲構(gòu)成的

41、疊詞,blackandblue (青腫) gameandglee (心滿意足)wealorwoe (禍福) neitherfishnorflesh (非驢非馬) 在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)匯中，有一類(lèi)疊詞或疊詞詞組不但因其前輔音相同形成了雙聲，而且其后輔音也相同，這樣更加強(qiáng)了韻味。例如：feastorfast（饑飽）flip-flop（拍答拍答）wish-wash（淡而無(wú)味）zigzag（蜿蜒曲折）,1英語(yǔ)疊詞及其表現(xiàn)形式 2）利用疊韻構(gòu)成的疊詞和疊詞詞組,頭韻疊詞/詞組。例如： bagandbaggage（全部家當(dāng)）shipshape (整整齊齊) sumandsubstance（要點(diǎn)）timeandtide

42、（時(shí)間，歲月） 尾韻疊詞/詞組。例如：bow-wow（狗吠聲）chock-a-block（擺滿，塞滿）hubbub（喧鬧聲） highanddry（孤單） roughandtough（粗野） toandfro（來(lái)去） 雙韻疊詞。例如：coca-cola（可口可樂(lè)） flimflam（胡言亂語(yǔ)） flip-flop（拍答拍答） hugger-mugger（胡言亂語(yǔ)） jingle-jangle（丁丁當(dāng)當(dāng)) shilly-shally（猶猶豫豫） 純粹的疊詞。例如：bla-bla（饒舌） crack-crack（劈拍聲） fifty-fifty（對(duì)半） goody-goody（偽善的） no-no

43、（不可作之事，禁忌） pooh-pooh（表示輕蔑）,II英語(yǔ)疊詞的重復(fù) 2. 英語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯,英語(yǔ)中有些疊詞可譯成對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)疊字(AA 式, ABAB 式, AABB 式)，例如: chitchat -聊一聊/聊聊 odds and ends -零零碎碎thick and fast -頻頻 toil and moil -辛辛苦苦 ticktack -滴滴答答 英語(yǔ)同義詞的重疊比較常見(jiàn), 在漢譯時(shí)應(yīng)該譯出其所強(qiáng)調(diào)的語(yǔ)氣，例如:ways and means - 千方百計(jì)(地) leaps and bounds - 大步跳躍地,2. 英語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 1）英語(yǔ)原文中有詞的重復(fù)，譯成漢語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以保持同

44、樣的詞的重復(fù) Examples,以眼還眼，以牙還牙。,眼不見(jiàn)，心不煩。,他們一遍一遍地反復(fù)閱讀這些秘密文件。,1Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.,3They read and re-read the secret notes.,2Out of sight, out of mind.,2. 英語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 1）英語(yǔ)原文中有詞的重復(fù)，譯成漢語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以保持同樣的詞的重復(fù) Examples,他在雨中徘徊，想了又想，考慮了又考慮。,“他們?cè)谀谴鬅崽炖镎局?，一言不發(fā)，眼巴巴 看著我進(jìn)去出來(lái)，出來(lái)進(jìn)去?！?4He wandered about in the rain, thinki

45、ng and thinking, brooding and brooding.,5“They had to stand there in that heat, watching me go in, come out, come out, go in and never saying anything.”,2. 英語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 Examples 2）英語(yǔ)原文中有疊詞重復(fù)，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可以用疊詞重復(fù),那個(gè)雜技演員在繃索上搖搖晃晃地行走。,那面旗在陣風(fēng)中拍答拍答地響著。,她在工作上總是磨磨蹭蹭。,1The acrobat teeter-tottered on the tight rope.,2The

46、flagflip-floppedinthegustywind.,3She woulddilly-dallyoverher work.,2. 英語(yǔ)疊詞的翻譯 Examples 2）英語(yǔ)原文中有疊詞重復(fù)，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可以用疊詞重復(fù),他們過(guò)去常?；フ?qǐng)吃午飯, 休息時(shí)就聊聊天。,從走廊外傳來(lái)女人高跟鞋發(fā)出的咔嚓咔嚓聲， 先輕后重，越來(lái)越響。,4They used to have lunch with one another and chit-chat during breaks.,5The light click-clack of a womans heels grew louder from out

47、 in the corridor.,課后練習(xí)I. Put the following sentences into Chinese.,Blood must atone for blood. She knows how to do everything here. A single spark can start a prairie fire. I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.,血債就用血來(lái)還。,這里的活她樣樣都會(huì)。,星星之火，可以燎原。,我的回答完全是坦坦蕩蕩，直言無(wú)隱。,課后練習(xí)I. Put the following sentences into Chinese.,5.He just listened for a while and pooh-poohed her idea. 6.We wanted things to be completely above board and no hanky-panky. 7. He had a look with his head back, and then he broke into a zigzag run. 8.We should be warm towards our comrades，not ice cold