1、Phonetic Alphabet,一、學(xué)好音標(biāo)的重要性 發(fā)音是學(xué)英語(yǔ)十分關(guān)鍵的一步，發(fā)音不正確就聽(tīng)不準(zhǔn)、讀不好，更談不上用英語(yǔ)交流。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四種能力不可偏廢，而正確的發(fā)音是基礎(chǔ)，音標(biāo)的學(xué)習(xí)更是基礎(chǔ)的基礎(chǔ)。 二、 音標(biāo)的分類(lèi) 1. 英語(yǔ)國(guó)際英標(biāo)有48個(gè)，其中20個(gè)原音，28個(gè)輔音。 2. 原音可分為長(zhǎng)元音（5個(gè)）、短元音（6個(gè)）和雙元音（8個(gè)）。 3. 輔音可分為清輔音、濁輔音、鼻音、半元音和邊音。,音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí),1. 音素: 音的最小單位,英語(yǔ)中有48個(gè)音素。 2. 音節(jié): 由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。 3. 元音: 發(fā)音響亮,是樂(lè)音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節(jié)的主要組成部分.英語(yǔ)

2、中有20個(gè)元音。 4. 輔音: 發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節(jié)的重要組成部分,英語(yǔ)中有28個(gè)輔音。 5. 開(kāi)音節(jié) 絕對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié)：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)元音字母后面沒(méi)有輔音字母的重讀 音節(jié)。 公式:輔音+一個(gè)元音 例如：no, she, he, we, by . 相對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié)：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)元音字母后面加單個(gè)輔音字母，再加一個(gè)不發(fā)音字母e構(gòu)成的重讀音節(jié)。 公式:一個(gè)元音+一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音+不發(fā)音的e。 例如：name, these, bike, home, excuse, like,定義,6. 閉音節(jié) 元音+輔音或元音+輔音+輔音 7. 重讀音節(jié) 單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節(jié).用音標(biāo)標(biāo)記雙音節(jié),多音節(jié)詞 的讀音時(shí),

3、應(yīng)使用重讀符號(hào).單音節(jié)詞多數(shù)是重讀音節(jié)。 8. 清輔音：發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)的輔音叫做清輔音。 濁輔音：發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶震動(dòng)、不送氣的叫濁輔音。,長(zhǎng)元音：/a:/, /:/, /:/, /i:/, /u:/ 短元音：/, /, /, /i/, /u/, /e/, /ae/ 雙元音：/ei/, /ai/, /i/, /i/, /, /u/, /u/, /au/ 清輔音：/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /, /s/, /, /h/, /t/, /ts/, /tr/ 濁輔音：/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /, /z/, /, /r/, /d/, /dz/, /dr/ 鼻音： /m/, /n/

4、, / 半元音： /j/, /w/ 邊音： /l/,元音及字母組合對(duì)照,1. i:字母組合：ee, ea, e, ie, ei, eo For example: three, tree, green, sheep, meet, beef, see, seek eat, tea, meat, leave, lead, teacher, team, mean, speak he, she, me piece, receive, ceiling people 2. i字母組合：i, y, e For example: sit, picture, it, is, list, six, mix, fit

5、, miss, pig, big myth, many, twenty, happy, dictionary defect, decide, delicious 3. ae字母組合： a For example: bag, hand, cat, and, happy, map, mad, black, back, bad 4. e字母組合：ea, e, a For example: head, bread, pleasure elephant, bed, sell, lesson, section, better many, any,5. : 字母組合： ir, ur, ear, er, or

6、 For example: shirt, skirt, thirty, thirteen, third, bird turn, burn, murder, nurse, turtle (鬼，海龜), Thursday, burger learn, earn, earth, heard term, her, nerd （呆子）, serve work, worm (蟲(chóng)，蠕蟲(chóng)), world 6. 字母組合：er, or, ou, ar, o, a, e, ur For example: teacher, leader, remember, player, speaker, farmer, pow

7、der doctor, actor, mayor, author, tractor delicious, gracious familiar, collar, dollar together, tomorrow, today, lesson around, account, ago, banana listen Saturday 7. a: 字母組合： ar, a For example: car, farm, card, arm, garden fast, class, last, glass, plant,8. 發(fā)音字母： u, o, ou, oo For example: up, sup

8、per, lunch, fun, gun, hunt, cup, bus come, mother, brother, love trouble, rough, flourish (興旺，繁榮) blood, flood 9. :字母組合： al, or, oor, au, our, ou, ar For example: small, wall, talk, tall, hall, ball, call, walk short, more, lord, horse, for, forty, sport door, floor author, caught, autumn four, mour

9、n (哀悼，哀傷v.), court bought warm, quarrel （爭(zhēng)吵v.）, quarter (四分之一) 10. 發(fā)音字母： o, a For example: lost, lot, fox, box, mop (拖把n./v.), loss, collar want wash,11. u: 字母組合： oo, o, u For example: food, moon, room, broom (掃帚), doom (厄運(yùn)，注定v.), tooth do, two truth, full 12. u 字母組合： oo, ou, u, o For example: look,

10、 good, foot, book should, could put, full, bull (公牛), pull, push woman 13. ei 發(fā)音字母： a, ay, ea, ai, ey For example: name, cake, late, gate, plane play, say, may, way great, break rain, paint, plain (平原，簡(jiǎn)單的) they, grey 14. ai 發(fā)音字母： i, y, eye For example: bike, fine, find, die, nine, light, night, high

11、 my, try, fly eye,15. au 字母組合： ou, ow For example: house, out, count sound now, cow, how 16. u 發(fā)音字母: o, ow, oa For example: home, cold, go know, low, below, grow, boat, coat, goal (目標(biāo)，球門(mén)) 17. i 字母組合: oy, oi For example: boy, toy, joy oil, voice, choice 18. i 字母組合: eer, ear, ea, ere, ier For example:

12、 beer, deer ear, near idea here fierce 19. e 字母組合: ear, air, are, ere For example: pear, bear chair, air, fair care there, where 20. u 字母組合： our, oor For example: tour poor,容易混淆的元音,1. ae e bad bed; hand head; sad said 2. i: ei real rail; greet great; mean main 3. e ai bet bite; red write; said side;

13、 head hide 4. au : house horse; loud lord (主，上帝); south sauce 5. au found fun; down done; town ton (噸),輔音,1) p pen pear play pig pull push 2) b book big boot (靴子) bike bread break 3) t tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) d door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) k king kite key look book kitchen s

14、ky (發(fā)音字母k) card cat cream correct come account accept (發(fā)音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (發(fā)音字母x) school schedule scheme (計(jì)劃) (字母組合ch) 6) g good goal goat grade long language 7) m man make moon morning move come comb 8) n pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) uncle bank English think thank sing king m

15、orning evening 10) l long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) r read red right run room write 12) f five fly fine knife life wife cough laugh 13) v very even every voice 14) s six sit student same seat kiss miss case (發(fā)音字母s) license city ceiling celebrate (發(fā)音字母c) piece scien

16、ce space (字母組合ce),15) z zoo zero close nose suppose pause those whose 16) w think thank thirty tooth mouth 17) t tomorrow teacher 18) sheep shoulder she wash nation attention station social 19) pleasure 20) h hot home house horse how who 21) w when what where window wind wood 22) j yes year yell you

17、 your yolk yellow 23) t child chicken china chair lunch catch teach 24) d age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge enjoy June 25) tr tree country try treat 26) dr dry dream drop drive drink 27) ts students boots boats goats nuts 28) dz goods woods moods hoods,容易混淆的輔音,1. v w vest (背心，汗衫) west; ver

18、y well 2. s sink think; mass math; miss myth 3. z breeze breathe 4. n thin thing; sin (罪惡) sing; win wing (翅膀),一 元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 a 在開(kāi)音節(jié)中 ei name plane Jane baby cake 在閉音節(jié)中 ae bag dad hat map black back e 在開(kāi)音節(jié)中 i: he these me Chinese 在閉音節(jié)中 e bed let pen desk yes egg i 在開(kāi)音節(jié)中 ai bike fly drive time nice

19、kite 在閉音節(jié)中 i fish big drink sit milk swim o 在開(kāi)音節(jié)中 au those close go hoe home no 在閉音節(jié)中 clock not box shop sock u 在開(kāi)音節(jié)中 ju: student excuse duty Tuesday 在閉音節(jié)中 bus cup jump much lunch Note: 在開(kāi)音節(jié)中,元音字母u在輔音字母j l r s后面時(shí)讀u:音, 例如:June blue ruler super,二 元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 a , i China another woman breakfast oran

20、ge comrade village cabbage e , i hundred student open weekend chicken pocket begin children i /i, ai holiday beautiful family animal exercise satellite o , u second tonight somebody welcome also zero photo u , ju: autumn difficult popular congratulation January 動(dòng)詞中的a如果處在開(kāi)音節(jié)位置,a讀ei音,例如:operate u處在開(kāi)音節(jié)

21、位置,又在輔音字母j l r s后面時(shí),讀u(:)音,例如:July influence February issue,三 元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音 a在w音后面 want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 a: after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 ai find child light high o在-st -ld前 u most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 come monkey love mother,四

22、 -r音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 ar ar在w音后面 a: car farm dark sharpener : warm quarter towards or or在w音后面 : forty morning short : word worker worse er ir ur : certainly bird Thursday 輔音字母r雙寫(xiě)時(shí),前面的元音字母不能與r構(gòu)成-r音節(jié),而是按重讀閉音節(jié)的拼讀規(guī)則發(fā)音.例如: carry sorry hurry -r音節(jié)在非重讀音節(jié)中通常讀音,例如:dollar teacher forget Saturday,五 -re音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中

23、的讀音 are care dare hare ere i here mere ire ai fire hire wire ore : more score before ure ju: pure cure are ere ire ore很少出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中, ure在非重讀音節(jié)中讀音, 例如: picture pleasure 重讀元音字母加r,再加非重讀元音字組時(shí),重讀元音字母應(yīng)按-re音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀,字母r讀r音. 例如: parent zero story during inspiring,六 元字組在復(fù)合詞非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 復(fù)合詞中的第二部分不標(biāo)注重音符號(hào),但其中的元音字母或元音

24、字組仍按重讀音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀. 例如: everyday ei blackboard : 有些詞隨著語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展,前后兩部分已失去其單獨(dú)存在的意義,融合成為一個(gè)詞.其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音. 例如: holy神圣 + day ei日子 holiday i 假日 break中斷 + fast a:齋戒 breakfast 早餐 cup茶杯 + board 木板C: cupboard 碗柜,輔音字母,1. b b bike bus bag / bomb tomb 2. c c在e前或在i/y前 s face decide cycle k cake picture coat mus

25、ic 3. ch t much chick rich teacher k school headache chemistry machine 4. -ck k cock pocket black knock 5. d d doctor bread hand day 6. -dge d bridge fridge 7. dr- dr children driver drink 8. f f five four breakfast 9. g g在e前 d orange large German g bag garden go 10. gh f cough enough / light daught

26、er high,11. gu- -gue gu在非重讀音節(jié)中 g guess league dialogue gw language anguish 12. h h hot head house hand / hour honest 13. j d jeep jar joke join July 14. k k kind bike skate make week 15. kn- n knife know knock 16. l l life milk school tall 17. m m monkey come autumn 18. -mn m autumn column 19. n n在k

27、 g音前 n not shine ten note uncle thank hungry 20. -ng morning young wrong 21. p p paper plane pig ship pen 22. ph f elephant photo telephone 23. q k Iraq 24. qu- kw quality quite 25. r r red rubber ruler,26. s在詞首或清輔音前s sit sleep desk 元音字母間或濁輔音前z music husband 27. sc- sk scarlet (紅衣) s muscle science

28、28. sh F she fish shirt wash 29. t在通常情況下t ten letter meet 在弱讀字母ia ie io前 patient nation 30. tch t watch 31. th在通常情況下 thin thirty method 在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中 the these with than 在詞尾-the -ther中 clothe father weather 32. tr- tr tree train country truck 33. v v very voice love leave 34. w w week win wake sweet

29、 wait / answer two 35. wh- wh-在字母o前h who whose whole w what when white why 36. x ks box text exercise 在重讀元音前 gz examle exist exact 37. wr- r write 38. y- j yes yard yellow young 39. z z puzzle zero zoo,英語(yǔ)常用50句,1. How do you do? 你好！（常用語(yǔ)初次見(jiàn)面） 2. Nice to meet you! 很高興見(jiàn)到你! Im glad to have met you! 3. We

30、ll done!=Good job! 干得好！ 4. Can/May I help you?=What can I do for you? 我可以幫你么？ 5. This way please! 這邊請(qǐng)！ 6.How are you doing? 你好嗎？ 7.Im doing great. 我過(guò)得很好。 8.Whats up? 出什么事了/你在忙些什么/怎么了？ 9.Nothing special. 沒(méi)什么特別的。 10.Hi. Long time no see. 嗨，好久不見(jiàn)了。 11. So far so good. 到目前為止，一切都好。 12. Things couldnt be b

31、etter. 一切順利。 13. How about yourself? 你自己呢？,14. Today is a great day. 今天是個(gè)好日子。 15. Are you making progress? 有進(jìn)展嗎？ 16. May I have your name, please? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)尊姓大名？ 17. Ive heard so much about you. 久仰大名。 18. I hope youre enjoying your staying here. 希望你在這里過(guò)得愉快。 19. Lets get together again. 改天再聚聚。 20. Thats a great idea! 好主意！ 21. Please say