1、Lesson OneYour College Years幻燈片2Lesson 1 Your College Years l Author Bob Hartman was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the summer of 2000. He has been working as a storyteller for children for more than a decade and is a part-time pastor.To be continued on the next page.

2、幻燈片4Comprehension Questions l What does the author mean by developmental changes?l What determines identity according to Erik H. Erickson?l In Jeffery A. Hoffmans opinion, what are the four distinct aspects to psychological separation from ones parents?l What does the author mean by “internalizing”

3、religious faith, values and morals?幻燈片5l Para. 1l Where is the topic sentence of this paragraph?l Have you ever experienced any important changes since you moved from adolescence to adulthood? l How about the changes after you entered Nanjing Normal University?幻燈片6l personnel l plural the people who

4、 work in a company, organization, or military forcel military/medical/technical etc personnel l senior military personnell doctors and other medical personnell All personnel are to receive security badges.l uncountable the department in a company that chooses people for jobs and deals with their com

5、plaints, problems etc synonym human resourcesl A copy should then be sent to Personnel for our files.幻燈片7l maturityl at maturityl The tree will reach only 5 feet at maturity.l reach/come to/grow to maturity l These insects reach full maturity after a few weeks.l sexual/emotional/physical maturity l

6、He lacks the emotional maturity to appreciate poetry.l (mature, immaturity)幻燈片8l dawnl if day or morning dawns, it beginsl The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm.l if a period of time or situation dawns, it beginsl The age of Darwin had dawned.l if a feeling or idea dawns, you have it fo

7、r the first timel It began to dawn that something was wrong.l dawn on somebody: if a fact dawns on you, you realize it for the first timel It dawned on me that Joanna had been right all along.幻燈片9l Para. 2l Where is the topic sentence?l Do you agree with the author that young adults like college stu

8、dents are bound to go through an identity crisis?l Have you had any identity crisis yourself or do you know anybody who has?幻燈片10Lesson 1 Your College Years l Text Analysis Question: How do college students go through an identity crisis at college? What factors may influence identity?Students endeav

9、or to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. They want to know how other people perceive themselves as well.Identity may be influenced by genes, environment and opportunities.幻燈片13l go throughl to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation, feeling etcl When youre goi

10、ng through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someonel to experience a particular processl Candidates must go through a process of selection.l to use up money or a supply of somethingl We went through five pints of milk last week.l if a deal or agreement goes through, it is officially accepted and

11、agreedl He accepted the offer and the deal went through.l to search something in order to find something in particularl Dave went through his pockets looking for the keys.l to read or discuss something in order to make sure it is correctl Well go through the details later on.幻燈片14l endeavour l (verb

12、) to try very hardl endeavour to do somethingl We always endeavor to please our customers.l (noun) an attempt to do something new or difficultl scientific/creative etc endeavour l an outstanding example of human endeavorl endeavour to do somethingl They made every endeavour to find the two boys.幻燈片1

13、5l perceivel to understand or think of something or someone in a particular wayl perceive something/somebody as somethingl Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive.l perceive something/somebody to be somethingl Children who do badly in school tests often perceive them

14、selves to be failures.l (formal) to notice, see, or recognize somethingl That morning, he perceived a change in Francas mood. l Cats are not able to perceive colour.l perceive thatl He perceived that there was no other way out of the crisis.l (perception, perceptive)幻燈片16l identity is determined by

15、genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events.l Who we are is determined by three things: first, our genes, or what our parents have given us; second, environment; third, luck or opportunities.幻燈片17l Para. 3l Where is the topic sentence?l

16、How do you understand the first sentence?幻燈片18Lesson 1 Your College Years l Text AnalysisIn fact, it may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education.For Reference Question: What does “it” refer to here? 幻燈片19Lesson 1 Your College Years l Text Analysis For reference: “it” refers to th

17、e independence/dependence struggle. Into the later adolescence stage, young adults tend to become less dependent on, even independent from their parents. For those who choose to enter the work world, they may become financially independent from their parents, while for others entering into college,

18、the struggle seems stronger for they still need their parents support, say for money. 幻燈片20l independent dependentl be independent of/froml By this age, the child becomes relatively independent of his motherl be dependent on/uponl Norways economy is heavily dependent on natural resources.l Jans moth

19、er was dependent on her for physical care幻燈片21l It may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education.l If they choose to go to college to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to dependent on the financi

20、al support of their parents.幻燈片22l Para.4l Where is the topic sentence?l According to Jeffery A. Hoffmans observation, there are four distinct aspects to psychological separation from ones parents. What are they? How do you understand them?l 1. Functional independence.l 2. Attitudinal independence.l

21、 3. Emotional independence.l 4. Freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.”(Psychological independence)l How about your psychological separation from your parents?幻燈片23l handling finances: learning how to

22、spend money wiselyl choosing their own wardrobes: choosing their own clothesl determining their daily agenda: determining what they are going to do every day 幻燈片24l attitude l attitude to/towardsl Petes attitude towards women really scares me.l positive/negative attitude l people with a positive att

23、itude to lifel (attitudinal)幻燈片25l excessive: much more than is reasonable or necessaryl his excessive drinking l $15 for two beers seems a little excessive.l (excessively)幻燈片26l freedom from an excessive need for approval, closeness, togetherness, and emotional support in relation to the mother and

24、 father. l 幻燈片27l If somebody has an excessive need for approval, it means that he is too dependent on sbs approval. Children need their parents to tell them what to do or not to do. They also need to be close to their parents and receive encouragement, love, and all kinds of emotional support to gi

25、ve them strength. But when they grow up, they should change. They should no longer have the same needs as babies.幻燈片28l Fourth is freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.”l 幻燈片29l Children often feel ver

26、y guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done something wrong; they are also anxious because they are eager to please their parents; they sometimes feel unhappy because they think that their parents have not been fair to them; they feel that they are responsible to their pa

27、rents for everything they do; they are always afraid of not saying the right thing or not behaving properly; all these may make them angry with their parents or make them feel resentful. These feelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents. When they grow up, they usually strive for fr

28、eedom from this. 幻燈片30Para. 5Question: What may be one of the most stressful matters college students experience according to the author? How do you understand it?Establishing their sexual identity. It includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their future roles as men or women.幻燈片31l sex

29、ual harassment: sexual remarks, looks, or touching done to someone who does not want it, especially from someone they work withl sexual intercourse: the physical activity of two people having sex with each otherl sexual orientation: the fact that someone is heterosexual or homosexual (gay lesbian)l

30、sexual transmitted disease: disease that one person passes to another through having sex, such as AIDS 幻燈片3220. projectl v. a. to planl b. to cause a shadow, an outline, etc. on a l surface l c. to present sb./sth./yourself to otherl people in a particular way, esp. one that l gives a good impressio

31、nl project a dam/a new canall project a picture on a screenl project the future roles as men or women幻燈片33Lesson 1 Your College Years Sentence Paraphrase Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relation

32、ship with. (5)Comparative degree is used to express superlative meaning.objective clause When students are in a romantic relationship with the opposite sex, they are most likely to feel unhappy or happy emotionally.go to 9幻燈片34Lesson 1 Your College Years Sentence Paraphrase1. I cannot agree with you

33、 more.2. There is nothing cheaper.3. No leader of a party has kept himself in greater detachment from the sentiment of his than has the late Prime Minister.幻燈片35l Para.6l Where is the topic sentence?l Have the way you relate to others change as you grow and reach young adulthood? How do you deal wit

34、h it?幻燈片361. affectioncf: affectationn. 矯飾l n. a gentle feeling of love and caringl Examples:l Every mother has/feels affection toward her l children.l He is held in great affection.l affectionate a.l He looks at her with affectionate looks.幻燈片37 6. counsel v. (fml.) to advise n. advice; opinion; su

35、ggestionl Examples:l counsel care in the forthcoming negotiation l He counseled their giving up/to give upl the plan. counsellor n. adviser; lawyer幻燈片3821. shrinkCf:contractl v. a. to make or become smaller, esp. l through wetting l b. to move back; show unwillingness to l do sth.l Examples:l Will t

36、his shirt shrink in the wash?l Car sales have been shrinking recently.l A shy man shrinks from meeting strangers.幻燈片39Lesson 1 Your College Years Sentence Paraphrase During the course I had come to realize that while my world was expanding and new options were opening for me, my father, who was in h

37、is sixties, was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow. (6)was beginning to realize that his world was getting smaller and his choices fewer幻燈片40Lesson 1 Your College Years I was relating to my father in a different way.In Para. 6Question: What are the differences between the ways “I” relate

38、d to “my” father in the past and at present? What type of change does the example reflect?In the past “I” was encouraged by “my” father; now “I” was encouraging him.The example reflects the change that college students are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world.幻燈片41l Para.7l

39、Where is the topic sentence?l Do you think you have in some way internalized values and beliefs?l What new insights have you gained in this respect since you came to the university?幻燈片42l internalize: if you internalize a particular belief, attitude, behaviour etc, it becomes part of your characterl

40、 (internalization)幻燈片43l rebel: to oppose or fight against someone in authority or against an idea or situation which you do not agree withl rebel againstl teenage boys rebelling against their parents幻燈片44l however, these matters are questioned and in some cases rebelled against.l However, people of

41、ten have doubts about these matters and sometimes oppose them.幻燈片45l prejudice: to influence someone so that they have an unfair or unreasonable opinion about someone or somethingl There was concern that reports in the media would prejudice the jury.l prejudice somebody against somethingl My own sch

42、ooldays prejudiced me against all formal education.幻燈片46Lesson 1 Your College Years Sentence Paraphrase In the late sixties, a young woman from a background that was extremely prejudiced against people from other races came to college convinced that her race was superior. (7)幻燈片47Lesson 1 Your Colle

43、ge Years 1. Trains in this country spend too much time stopped, waiting for other trains.2. He went back to his home village frustrated.3. Born and bred in the countryside, he was bewildered by the big city.幻燈片48l Word Study ethnic a. a. of race or the races of mankind b. (colloq.) of a particular c

44、ultural group l Examples:l ethnic clothes/food/music/restaurants幻燈片49 10. ethical Cf:ethnic a. connected with principles of what is right and what is wrongl Examples:l an ethical principlel an ethical basis for education幻燈片501. be equal tol v. to be just as good as; have strength, courage,l ability

45、etc. for sth.l Examples:l Many of our products are equal to the best in the world.l It is ridiculous to think one race is not equal to another because it has a different skin color.l He is equal to doing this task.l 幻燈片51Lesson 1 Your College Years l Text AnalysisThese religious, moral, and ethical

46、values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime.In Para. 7Question: What makes it possible for these values to last a lifetime?During college years, the young adults have the opportunity to decide for themselves what beliefs, values, and morals they are going to accept. These valu

47、es are inclined to be internalized.Lesson 1 Your College Years Sentence Paraphrase These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime. (7)These values that are established during the college years often last a lifetime. It is believed that our char

48、acter or basic moral principles are formulated during this period of time.幻燈片53l Para.8l Where is the topic sentence?l What does the author mean when he talks about “gathering, processing, assembling, applying, and evaluating” information?l Do you agree with the girl that “l(fā)iterature is one of the b

49、est ways to understand a culture?”幻燈片542. affirml v. to declare (usually again) positively; l strengthen beliefs, ideas, or feelings l Examples:l affirm ones judgment/innocence l affirm sth. to sb. l affirm that it is truel affirmative a. l affirmative reply/nod/reaction幻燈片553. applyv. a. to make a

50、formal and usually written request for a job, position, etc. b. to use a method, law, principle, etc. in a particular situation c. to affect or concern sb. or sth. d. to bring sth. into nearness or contact with sth. l She is applying for a scholarship.l We should apply what we have learned to l prac

51、tice.l Not all natural laws can apply to human society.l Apply some of this ointment to the swollen part, and the pain will soon be gone.幻燈片5717. observeWord formationl v. a. to see or notice; watch carefullyl b. to say by way of comment l Examples:l The accused was observed trying to force the l lo

52、ck of the door. l Some scientists observed that global warming is not necessarily related to human activities.l n. observationa. observant幻燈片58l Para.9l Where is the topic sentence?l When you meet people from other cultures, have you found yourselves being introduced to new ways of life and new ways

53、 of interpreting life? 幻燈片5914. interpretWord formationl v. a. to make clear the meaning of (either in l words or by artistic performance)l b. to consider to be the meaning ofl c. to give an immediate oral translation ofl Examples:l interpret a difficult passage in a bookl We interpreted his silence as a refusal. l Will you interpret for the foreign visitors?n. interpretern. interpretation幻燈片609. in a different lightl in a different wayl Examples:l