1、非謂語動詞作狀語,一 動詞不定式作狀語,1.動詞不定式通常作狀語表示原因.結(jié)果.目的.條件等。 1）目的狀語 To learn English well, he went to England. In order to achieve the aim, we must learn from other countries. ?？膳cin order to (為了)或 so as to (以便)連用。,2）結(jié)果狀語,動詞不定式和ving形式作結(jié)果狀語區(qū)別： 1 動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語通常表示意想不到的結(jié)果，常與only連用構(gòu)成only to do sth 2 動詞ing形式作結(jié)果狀語通常表示自然而然

2、的情況或結(jié)果。 He ran to the station only to find the train had left. His father died, leaving him a lot of debts.,3)原因狀語,We are excited to hear the news.,4) 條件狀語,To turn to the left, you could find a post office.,二 動詞ing形式作狀語,可表示原因.結(jié)果.條件.讓步.方式伴隨等，可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語從句 1.表時間 Walking out of the room, he saw the boy s

3、till there. = when he walked out of the room, he. Having made full preparations, we are ready for the exam. = After we have made full preparations, we.,2.表原因,Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. = Because he was ill, he. Not mastering the way of studying, i didnt get a good result. =As i didn

4、t master the way of studying, i .,3.表結(jié)果(并列謂語),His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = his father died and left him . The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. = The fire lasted nearly a month and left nothing valuable.,4.表條件,Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =if

5、you work hard at your lessons, you. If you dont make use of time, you will regret. =Not making use of the time, you will .,5.表讓步,Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = Athough they knew all this, they. Studying from morning till night, i didnt pass the exam. = Athough i studied from mo

6、rning till night, i .,6.方式.伴隨或補充說明(并列結(jié)構(gòu)）,He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = He lay on the grass and stared at the . The gril came into the classroom, singing and dancing. = The gril came into the classroom and they sang and danced.,注意:,1 為了使動詞ing形式作狀語表達的意思更明確，可在動詞ing前加上適當?shù)倪B詞：

7、when 、while 、if 、though 、unless 、even 等. Dont talk while having dinner. Once losing the chance, you cant easily find it.,2.動詞ing形式做狀語，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。,While reading the book, the telephone rang. While reading the book, she heard the telephone ring. Looking out through the window, the garden was beau

8、tiful. Looking out through the window, we found a beautiful garden.,3.獨立成分作狀語,常見的分詞短語有： Frankly speaking ; honestly speaking; Judging from ; considering; to tell the truth Honestly speaking, he is not fit for the job. Judging from his accent, he is from the south.,三、過去分詞ed作狀語,過去分詞做狀語可表示被動和完成的動作。 表示時

9、間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式等，相當于相應(yīng)的狀語從句。 1 表時間 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. = when it is seen from the top of the hill, the city. Asked what had happened, he lowered his head. =when he was asked what had happened, he.,2.表原因,Surrounded by a group of young people, the old man

10、 felt happy. =As he was surrounded by a group of young people, the old man. Greatly touched by the teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. =Because the boy was greatly touched by the teachers words, he.,3.表條件,Given more time, we could do it better. = if we were given more time

11、, we. Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. = if you are compared with your brother, you.,4.表讓步,Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. = Although he was laughed at by many people, he. Even if invited, i wont take part in the party. Even if i am inv

12、ited, i .,5. 表示方式或伴隨,Supported by a girl, the old man got off the bus. He turned away, disappointed. He walked up and down the room, lost in thought.,注意：,1.某些動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，常用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中。此時的過去分詞既不表被動也不表完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：lost；seated；hidden；lost/absorbed in；dressed in；tired of 等。 Disappointed at the examin

13、ation result, she sat there silent. Satisfied with our performance, the teacher kept nodding.,2.過去分詞做狀語時，其邏輯主語要與句子的主語保持一致。,Asked why she was late, her face went red. Asked why she was late, she went red in the face.,3.過去分詞或短語做狀語時，也可在其前面加上連詞when、if、once、though、unless等，以便明確作何種狀語。,Though beaten, we were not discouraged. =Though we were beated, we. Once tasted, the dish is hard to forget. =once it is tasted, the dish.,4.過去分詞做狀語與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：,過去分詞與句子主語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系或被動關(guān)系。 現(xiàn)在分詞與句子主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系或主動關(guān)系。 Us