1、,Lesson80 The crystal palace,制作人：陳桃 主講人：陳桃,2020/9/19,Review : 復(fù)習(xí)提問,Dictation Recite the text,2020/9/19,Lead in 新課導(dǎo)入,2020/9/19,2020/9/19,2020/9/19,2020/9/19,2020/9/19,創(chuàng)建背景 1849年，英國白金漢宮決定，在1851年舉辦一屆規(guī)模宏大，有世界各國參與的國際性博覽會，并建造一幢臨時性但具有恢弘氣勢的展館建筑。 1849年，英國政府決定在海德公園南側(cè)興建一幢大型臨時建筑。為避免破壞公園樹木，最終采納了皇家園藝師約瑟夫帕克斯頓的“水晶宮

2、”設(shè)計方案，創(chuàng)造性地將花房式框架玻璃結(jié)構(gòu)運(yùn)用到建筑設(shè)計之中，使樹木罩在屋頂下得以保護(hù)。結(jié)果這座原本為展品提供展示的場館，成為第一屆世博會上最成功的展品。,2020/9/19,水晶宮，這座原本是為世博會展品提供展示的一個場館，卻成了第一屆世博會中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宮因此而成為世博會的標(biāo)志。 百年世博的里程碑之一。 截止至2013年，1851年倫敦世博會已經(jīng)過去了163年，人類已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了21世紀(jì)，科技的發(fā)展、現(xiàn)代的建筑形態(tài)早已跨越了水晶宮、蒸汽機(jī)的時代。然而，人類并沒有脫離水晶宮所使用的材料和方式，水晶宮依然存在于我們今天的生活中，變化著帕克斯頓的創(chuàng)意理念。,2020/9/19,1936年1

3、1月30日一場災(zāi)難襲擊了這個美麗的宮殿，幾個小時內(nèi)，火焰吞噬全部為了偉大的大英帝國豎立的種種，以及無數(shù)人對水晶宮的夢想，在毀壞的過程中，英國居民可在幾里外遙望這個烈火，比較近的地區(qū)甚至夜空也變得明亮。沒有適當(dāng)?shù)谋ｋU可以給付重建的經(jīng)費(fèi)，一些輿論認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該再重建，因為這個帝國偉大的象征已經(jīng)老舊，失去原有的價值了。溫斯頓丘吉爾從英國下議院打道回府途中表示：“這是一個時代的終點(diǎn)?！?遺留的僅存兩個水塔，在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的期間被取下（并非摧毀），理由是德國人可能用來作為通往倫敦的引導(dǎo)標(biāo)志，北塔最后被炸毀，南邊的一個則是一磚一瓦地拆除，因為它實在太靠近周圍的建筑物，英國人不希望周遭房舍受到波及。 為了保存

4、民族的共同記憶，并且緬懷英國史上壯闊的年代，水晶宮基金會于1979年成立。關(guān)于這個基金會的未來走向，雖然市民有很多想法與計劃，至今卻無一實現(xiàn)，不過圍繞水晶宮遺址的水晶宮公園目前設(shè)立了水晶宮國家體育中心。,2020/9/19,因水晶宮展現(xiàn)了園藝師約瑟夫帕克斯頓（Joseph Paxton）的天賦，這位設(shè)計者最后受封為騎士。約瑟夫帕克斯頓曾經(jīng)率領(lǐng)花園園丁試驗以玻璃與鋼鐵建造巨大溫室的可能性，也因此見識到這些建材的強(qiáng)度與耐久力，他以這項技術(shù)知識申請世界博覽會的建筑計畫并且創(chuàng)造出驚人的結(jié)果。建筑物計畫者們，曾試圖找尋強(qiáng)韌、耐久、形式又簡單的建筑物和并希望伴隨著快速的建造進(jìn)度，約瑟夫帕克斯頓在這一點(diǎn)使博

5、覽會的籌辦人如愿以償，從1850年8月至隔年5月，這棟建筑使用了面積九十萬平方英尺、相當(dāng)于八萬四千平方公尺的玻璃（或是八個半的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)足球場地），由伯明翰一玻璃供應(yīng)商Chance Brothers提供，這家公司是當(dāng)時唯一擁有可提供如此龐大需求的工廠，卻仍然必須從法國聘請勞工協(xié)助，以趕上展期的建筑進(jìn)度。而另一個主要建材是鐵，包括鐵柱三千三百根，鐵梁兩千三百條，占地面積七萬四千平方公尺，寬度與長度分別約為408英尺、1851英尺（相當(dāng)于125公尺、564公尺），高三層樓。,2020/9/19,水晶宮與世博會于1851年同時誕生，水晶宮是英國倫敦一個以鋼鐵為骨架、玻璃為主要建材的建筑，是十九世紀(jì)的英國建

6、筑奇觀之一。“水晶宮”建成于1851年，最初位于倫敦市中心的海德公園內(nèi)，是萬國工業(yè)博覽會場地。1854年被遷到倫敦南部，在1936年的一場大火中被付之一炬。英國前首相丘吉爾曾表示它的燒毀是“一個時代的終結(jié)”。 2013年10月5日，中融集團(tuán)董事長倪召興表示，計劃斥資5億英鎊（約49.46億人民幣），在原址重建這一地標(biāo)性建筑，曾輝煌一時的“水晶宮”可能會再次矗立在倫敦南部。1 “水晶宮”是一家以諷刺文章著名的Punch雜志因其建筑通體透明寬敞明亮而給予的名稱。,AIMS: 職業(yè)綜合能力培養(yǎng)目標(biāo),1.知識目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，提高閱讀理解能力 2.能力目標(biāo)： （1）掌握英語口語，熟練進(jìn)行英語對話

7、 （2）掌握閱讀中常用句型，進(jìn)行中等難度閱讀 3.情感態(tài)度與價值觀目標(biāo)：培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣，形成積極的學(xué)習(xí)和生活態(tài)度,palace extraordinary exhibition iron various machinery display steam profit college,n. 宮殿 adj. 不平常的，非凡的 n. 展覽 n. 鐵 adj. 各種各樣的 n. 機(jī)器 n. 展覽 n. 蒸汽 n. 利潤 n. 學(xué)院,New lesson:新課講解,palace 宮殿 n. 這是一座豪華的宮殿。 This is a luxury palace. 英國女王住在白金漢宮。 The Quee

8、n of England lives in Buckingham Palace.,extraordinary adj.不平常的，非凡的，奇怪的 他竟然在晚會上睡覺，簡直太奇怪了 Its extraordinary that he slept through the party. 他的記憶力驚人。 He has an extraordinary memory.,exhibition 展覽 n. 他們舉辦了一個高科技產(chǎn)品的展覽。 They held an exhibition on hi-tech products. make an exhibition of oneself (做蠢事而使自己)

9、丟臉,出洋相 恐怕弗蘭克喝醉了并且出了洋相。 Im afraid Frank got drunk and made an exhibition of himself.,iron （1）n.鐵 中國出口鐵。 China exported iron. 打鐵要趁熱。 Strike while the iron is hot. （2）n. 熨斗 （3）v. 熨衣服 你能幫我熨下衣服嗎？ Could you iron me this shirt?,various 各種各樣的 學(xué)校收到了教育部的各種獎學(xué)金。 The school has received various grants from the e

10、ducation department. 由于各種各樣的原因，她接受了這份工作。 She took the job for various reasons. 做這件事有各種各樣的方法。 There are various ways of doing this.,machinery （1）機(jī)器（總稱） 這是一臺極好的機(jī)器。 This is a wonderful piece of machinery. 一大批新機(jī)器是從美國進(jìn)口的。 A lot of new machinery was imported from America. （2）社會、政治等之 制度,機(jī)構(gòu),組織,機(jī)關(guān) the machin

11、ery of government 政治機(jī)構(gòu) the machinery of the law 司法機(jī)關(guān),display （1）n.展覽 中山公園每年舉辦花展。 A flower display is held every year in the Zhongshan Park. （2）v. 展覽 各種款式的套裝被陳列于櫥窗中 Various styles of suits are displayed in the shop windows.,steam （1）n.蒸汽 誰發(fā)明的蒸汽機(jī)？ Who invented steam engine? 他的眼鏡蒙上了一層薄薄的水汽。 His glasses

12、 were covered with a film of steam. （2） v. 冒蒸汽 The kettle is steaming. 那只茶壺在冒著蒸汽,profit （1）n.利潤 凈利 net profit 毛利 Gross profit 他們通過削減成本增加了贏利。 They increased profits by cutting down the cost. 這是一項贏利的投資。 This is a profit-making investment. Stores havent made as much profit as usual this year. The profi

13、ts from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges,（2） (U)利益,好處 你將從學(xué)習(xí)中獲得益處 You will get profit from your studies. （3）v. 獲益 智者由自己的過失中得到教益 A wise person profits from his mistakes. I have profited much from your advice/this book/ living abroad.,College 學(xué)院 n. 她去年上的大學(xué)。 She went to college las

14、t year. 他在醫(yī)學(xué)院上學(xué)。 He studies at a medical college.,Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Cristal Palace which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. be built for 為.而建 Great Exhibition=Worlds fair 世界博覽會 fair 可以指展覽會 書展 a book fair,New lesson:新課講解,Th

15、e Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. be different from 與.不同 送交的貨品與樣品大不相同 The goods delivered were very different from the sample. for 表原因: ！ for是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個分句中間。 For he is ill, he is absent today. He is absent to

16、day, for he is ill.,be made of - 用.制造 (用于原材料顯而易見的場合) The desk is made of wood. be made from - 由.所做成的 (用于原材料不易看出的場合) The paper is made from wood.,It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. of all time 空前的，有史以來（常與形容詞的最高級連用，表示范圍） He is one of

17、 the greatest men of all time. “one of =最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的語氣比直接用形容詞最高級+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)要緩和些，不那么絕對。 Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. Yesterday was one of the hottest days of the year.,A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. a great many 很多 There was also a great deal o

18、f machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. on display/on show: 展出的；在句子中可以作狀語、定語或表語等 主要出口商品的樣品將全部在交易會上展出。 Samples of all major export good will be on display at the fair Shall we put all these flowers on display/show? machinery：機(jī)器、機(jī)械裝置的總稱，是集合名詞，要與

19、單數(shù)動詞搭配。 某個具體的機(jī)器可用 machine或者 a piece of machinery來表示 This is a wonderful piece of machinery/a wonderful machine.,Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. though:引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，接近漢語中的“雖然”，但是不和but連用 Asas 和一樣

20、他和你一樣高 He is as tall as you (are). 我和她一樣愛你 I love you as much as she (does).,On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. On + v.ing:相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語 =As soon as they arrived in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. =Soon after they arrived in England, they wer

21、e taken to the Crystal Palace by train. 一到東京,我就打電話給他 On arriving in Tokyo, I called him on the phone.,There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. in all 共計 共計有100人參加。 There were in all a hundred persons present. At the wedding

22、there were over 100 people in all.,Later, the Cristal Palace was moved to south London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936. remain “保持不變，仍然” 你為什么在晚宴上保持沉默？ Why did you remain silent at the dinner party? 當(dāng)經(jīng)理講話的時候，他們都站著。 They all remained standing

23、while the manager talked. burn down 燒掉 這幢大樓是上周燒毀的 The building was burned down last week,be used to do 被用于 樹木用于造紙 Trees are used to make paper. used to do 過去常常做某事 我過去抽煙，但是幾年前我戒了。 I used to smoke, but I gave up a couple of years ago. be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事 你會習(xí)慣每天走路上班的。 You will be used to walking to

24、 work everyday.,Qs to the text,Where was the Crystal Palace built and for what purpose? What made the Crystal Palace different from all other buildings in the world? How many visitors came to the Great Exhibition? What happened to the Crystal Palace later?,Key Structure the best & the worst,the most

25、 extraordinary building of the nineteenth century one of the biggest buildings of all time the most wonderful piece of machinery on show one of the most famous buildings in the world,單音節(jié)詞、一部分的雙音節(jié)詞：詞尾加后綴er 或est 構(gòu)成其比較級和最高級,多音節(jié)詞、另一部分雙音節(jié)詞：在adj./adv.前加more或most構(gòu)成,形容詞最高級的用法,1. 形容詞最高級有時單獨(dú)使用，但前面需加定冠詞： Whats

26、 the best time to go there? 什么時候到那兒去最好？ Express mail is the fastest way to send a letter. 快遞是寄信的最快辦法。 Its the latest fashion from Paris. 這是巴黎來的最新式樣。 The oldest is only nine. 最大的才九歲。 The highest mountain in Japan is Fuji. 日本最高的山是富士山。 In Western Europe Germany has the most people. 在西歐德國人口最多。,2. 有時跟一個短

27、語或從句說明在哪個范圍內(nèi)如此： It is the largest island in Europe. 它是歐洲最大的島。 Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. 昨天是今年最熱的一天。 The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country. 長江是我國最大的河流。 It was the cheapest hotel we could find. 這是我們能找到的最便宜的旅館。 This was the best beer (that) I have ever drunk. 這是我喝過的最好的啤酒。 It

28、was the worst film we had ever seen. 這是我們看過的最糟的電影。,3. 形容詞前有時有定語或狀語修飾： Its second largest city is Osaka. 它的第二大城市是大阪。 The third largest city is Los Angeles. 第三大城市是洛杉磯。 She was by far the most active member in our group. 她是我們小組最積極的成員。 4. 形容詞最高級有時表示“非?！钡囊馑?，這時前面可加不定冠詞或不加定冠詞： Its a most touching story. 這是

29、一個非常動人的故事。 It was most stupid to act like that. 這樣做是非常愚蠢的。 5. 形容詞最高級還可用在某些短語中(這時常轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞)： She is ten years old at most. 她至多十歲。 Well do our best. 我們將盡力而為。,帶as(so) as的結(jié)構(gòu),1. 在表示“和一樣”時，可用“as. as”結(jié)構(gòu)(前面的as后要用原形)： He is as busy as before. 他還是和以前一樣忙。 Ill give you as much help as I can. 我將盡量幫助你。 The airport w

30、as as crowded as ever. 機(jī)場還是像平常那樣擁擠。 Youre as good a singer as Johnny Buck. 你的歌唱得像約尼伯克一樣好。 Modern computers can be as small as a book. 現(xiàn)在的電腦可以像一本書那樣大。,2. 在表示“不像那樣”時可用“not as(so). as”這種結(jié)構(gòu)： It isnt so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那樣冷。 He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那樣英俊。 Im not so experienced

31、as you think. 我沒有你想的那樣有經(jīng)驗。 The situation is not so bad as had been painted. 形勢沒有描繪的那樣糟糕。 Jack is not as(so) old as he looks. 杰克不像他看起來那樣老。,3. 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也可包含一個狀語或有almost, just, nearly, quite這類副詞形容： The whale was twice as long as her boat. 那頭鯨有她的那艘船的兩倍長。 Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他們的房

32、子約為我們房子三倍大。 My command of English is not half so good as yours. 我的英語掌握得還不及你的一半好。 He was almost as diligent as his sister. 他幾乎和她姐姐一樣勤奮。 She is nearly as tall as her mother. 她幾乎和她媽媽一樣高。,4. as. as還可用在許多固定說法中： as brave as a lion as busy as a bee as vain as a peacock soft as velvet as bright as day as fat as a pig as gentle as a lamb easy as ABC,on fire 起火，著火 Soon the whole building was on fire. on purpose 故意地，有意地，特意地（與by chance相對） They have come here on purpose to see you. She br