1、冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？,If winter has already come, can spring be far behind?,初中時態(tài)講解,現(xiàn)在完成時知識鏈接：八年級下冊Unit9Have you ever been to an amusement park?,復習目錄,現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的概念 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的結構 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的否定，疑問形式 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的用法 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與一般過去式的比較 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)練習,1.現(xiàn)在完成時的概念,1）表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果； 2） 表示過去已經(jīng)開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 E.g. He has learned Engl

2、ish since 2001.,past,now,future,現(xiàn)在完成時,一般過去式,現(xiàn)在進行時,一般將來時,你會自己造句嗎？,2.現(xiàn)在完成時的結構,現(xiàn)在完成時的構成： Have/has + done,助動詞,過去分詞,主語+ have/has +過去分詞+賓語+狀語,Have:第一、二/ 復數(shù) Has: 第三人稱單數(shù),規(guī)則動詞：直，去，雙，變 不規(guī)則動詞：AAA，ABB，ABA，ABC,規(guī)則動詞,(1)一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”結尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-li

3、ved-lived (3)以“輔音字母 + y ”結尾的動詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped,重點1：寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞,Work _ _ Live _ _ Stay _ _ Stop _ _ Clean _ _ Study _ _,worked worked,lived lived,stayed stayed,stopped s

4、topped,cleaned cleaned,studied studied,不規(guī)則動詞,AAA型 cost cost cost ；cut cut cut AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 run ran run； come came come become became become ABB型 buy bought bought；build built built ABC型 begin began begun； choose chose chosen,3.現(xiàn)在完成時的否定與疑問,現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式直接在助動詞have或has后面加上not、疑問式是把助動詞提到主語之前。,

5、例題Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Shanghai before. (改為否定句) I _ _ been to Shanghai before. 2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to school?,have,not,Why,hasnt,重點2：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的否定與疑問,比較have been to/in和have gone to,He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已經(jīng))去上海了。,He has been to Sha

6、nghai. 他(曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。,have(has) been in,表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。,小結,1. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. never been C. went D. gone 2. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak

7、 to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 3. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going,B,B,D,重點3 have been to/in和have gone to 的對比例題,4.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法,1）現(xiàn)在完成時通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的

8、結果或影響。,(漢語中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過”、“了”等表達）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever ,two times等狀語連用。例如：,My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。 Have you milked the cow yet? 牛奶的奶擠了嗎？ I have never heard that before. 我從沒聽說過。,你還能用現(xiàn)在完成時想到其它句子嗎？,2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在

9、在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, lately, for, since, 等。如： We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。 They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 她從周一開始就跟我們在一起了。,注意：a) since和for的區(qū)別 since后接時間點，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there，Tuesday, October-“自從” for后接一段時間，表

10、示“長達多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。-“長達”,重點4：since和for的區(qū)別,1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bu

11、s is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years. 8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.,since,since,since,since,for,for,for,for,for,注意：b) 表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當中不能和表

12、示一段時間的狀語連用（不能和since, for, how long 連用）。,短暫性動詞,He has come here for 2 years. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句話可以改為： He has been here for 2years. The old man has _ _ for 4 months. They have _ _ only for 5 minutes,been,dead,been,out,錯,錯,錯,注意： c) 現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示過去的時間

13、狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now,一般過去式,（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,5.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較,1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作； 現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)影響。,I saw this film yesterday. I have seen this fi

14、lm.,2）一般過去時 常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用; 現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。,一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時間狀語,3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach,

15、learn, work, study, know. 一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married等。,She joined the League three years ago. (加入的動作不是延續(xù)的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).

16、 (是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)),have /has been to和have / has gone to 的用法區(qū)別,1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時已經(jīng)回到說話地點， 常與once 、twice、ever、never 等時間連用。 2 “have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒有回答，人不在說話地點。 巧記： been to ，gone to 意不同，兩者用法要記清； have been to + 地名，曾經(jīng)到過某地行； have gone to + 地點，到某地去了一走遠。,用have /has been to和have /

17、 has gone to填空 Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . What about your sister，Lily？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome.,have been to,havent,has gone to,（二）表示短暫動作的瞬間性動詞，如come、go、buy等的完成時態(tài) 就不能與for、 since 等表示一段時間的狀語連用，但可以與這類詞 相應的延續(xù)性動詞或短語連用。 試一試，改錯 1 I have come to Jianyang

18、 for ten years . （ ） 2 His father has died since he was five years old . （ ）,have been in,has been dead,瞬間動詞的用法口訣；現(xiàn)在完成在瞬間，非延只連時間點， 終止 須轉(zhuǎn)換，否定方可碰一段 說明： 1 瞬間動詞又叫非延續(xù)性動詞或終止性動詞，它可以有 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，但不可以接一段時間；如果要接一段時間， 就必須把它轉(zhuǎn)換成相應的延續(xù)性動詞。 2 瞬間動詞在完成時態(tài)中的否定式中可以接一段時間。,類似的轉(zhuǎn)換還有：fall asleepbe asleep move therebe there open

19、be open 等,巧記10個瞬間性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 “開始離去借來還，出生入死買到家”,Choose the best answer,1 What a nice watch ！How long _ you _ it？ Just three weeks A will，buy B did，buy C have ，had 2 you _in Greener China for a long time？ Yes，I joined it five years ago A Have，been B Has ，joined C Have ，joined 3 Teacher Li Japan，he_ Japan for two years A has been to，has been to B has gone to ，has been in C has gone to ，has been to 4 The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer for ha