1、unit 1 star signs （第六課時(shí)） ( grammar c )【學(xué)習(xí)目的】1、區(qū)分句子的不同成分。2、用句子的基本成分造句?！菊n前準(zhǔn)備】 一、完成句子。1. his younger sister was still _ (醒著的) at 12 oclock last night. 2. he was still doing an _ (試驗(yàn)) when his wife called him.3. a year is _(break into parts, to separate) into about 52 weeks.4. she is practicing to make

2、herself _(being friendly and cheerful with other people) 5. this is one of the most modern _(a special building or room where a scientist works to test materials) in china.6. the pollution often _(creative) many problems 二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1. he is stubborn and he never gives up _ (easy).2. jim won the

3、game at last. this news makes us _ (happy).3. its polite of you _ (say) hello to your teachers and friends.4. my friend jason is full of _ (energy) and he is a good team player.5. i waited for the bus for too long. i became _(patient) and decided to take a taxi.6. my neighbor is strange and he likes

4、 doing everything _ (different).7. lao she was a good _(write). he wrote many wonderful works in his life.8. on my way home last night i found an old man _(lie) on the ground.9. tina wants to be a good dancer, so she practises _(dance) every day.10. i didnt sleep well last night. i was still _(wake)

5、 at midnight.三、選擇填空。（ 好好預(yù)習(xí)，然后嘗試著做做看） ( ) 1. “he looks tired” the name of the underlined part is _. a predicative b subject c predicate d adverbial ( ) 2. andy bought mille an ice-cream. the name of the underlined part is _. a direct object b indirect object c predicative d subject ( ) 3. amy wants t

6、o travel around the world. the name of the underlined part is _. a predicate b predicative c adverbial d subject ( ) 4. sandy has her black hair in a ponytail. the name of the underlined part is _ a predicative b adverbial c attributive d direct object【知識(shí)鏈接】 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句基本結(jié)構(gòu)分析.a. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：svo主語(yǔ)：可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞（如bo

7、y），主格代詞（如you），動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語(yǔ)之后。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：we come.賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，一般同主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是代詞賓格，如：me，him，them等例：the boy needs a pen.主語(yǔ)the boy，謂語(yǔ)needs(need的第三人稱單數(shù)形式)，賓語(yǔ)a pen.b. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：svp主語(yǔ)：同主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞（link verb)：be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are, was, were,

8、 have been)；其他聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞如：become成為，turn變成,go變。其特點(diǎn)是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞與其后的表語(yǔ)沒(méi)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表語(yǔ)多為形容詞或副詞，既，不可能是賓語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、等?？蔀樾稳菰~、副詞、名詞、代詞、不定式、分詞。當(dāng)聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞不是be，而其后是名詞和代詞時(shí)，多表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹?，注意與動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的區(qū)別。感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：look well/面色好,sound nice/聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò),feel good/感覺(jué)好，smell bad/難聞例：tom is a boy. （主語(yǔ)為tom,系詞為be動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)is，表語(yǔ)為a boy）there be 結(jié)構(gòu)：there be

9、 表示存在有。這里的there沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不可與副詞there那里混淆。此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示（存在）有某事物試比較：there is a boy there.（那兒有一個(gè)男孩。）前一個(gè)there無(wú)實(shí)意，后一個(gè)there為副詞那里。c. 定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用的表示。定語(yǔ)通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some, any, every, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，則定語(yǔ)通常置后。副詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在名詞之后。1) 形容詞作定語(yǔ)：the little boy needs

10、 a blue pen(little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.）/小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。tom is a handsome boy. tom是個(gè)英俊的男孩。2) 數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞：two boys need two pens. 兩個(gè)男孩需要兩支鋼筆。the two boys are students. 這兩個(gè)男孩是學(xué)生。there are two boys in the room. 房間里有兩個(gè)男孩。3) 代詞或名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)：his boy needs toms pen. 他的男孩需要tom的鋼筆。his name is tom. 他的名字是湯姆。there are

11、 two boys of toms there. 那兒有tom家的兩個(gè)男孩。4) 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)：the boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. 教室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。the boy in blue is tom. 穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。there are two boys of 9,and three of 10. 有兩個(gè)9歲的，三個(gè)10歲的男孩。5) 名詞作定語(yǔ)：the boy needs a ball pen. 男孩需要一支圓珠筆。there is only one ball pen in the pencil box. 這鉛筆盒里

12、只有一支圓珠筆。6) 副詞作定語(yǔ)：the boy there needs a pen. 那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。the best boy here is tom. 這里最棒的男孩是tom。7) 不定式作定語(yǔ)：the boy to write this letter needs a pen. 寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。the boy to write this letter is tom. 將要寫這封信的男孩是湯姆。there is nothing to do today. 今天無(wú)事要做。8) 分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)：the smiling boy needs a pen bought by hi

13、s mother.那個(gè)微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。the pen bought by her is made in china. 她買的筆是中國(guó)產(chǎn)的。there are five boys left. 有五個(gè)留下的男孩。9) 定語(yǔ)從句：the boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那個(gè)在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。the boy you will know is tom. 你將認(rèn)識(shí)的男孩叫湯姆。there are five boys who will play the game. 參加游戲的男孩有五個(gè)。

14、d. 狀語(yǔ)：狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說(shuō)明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置很靈活，常見(jiàn)情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)一般須在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前；一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)在句中的某個(gè)位置會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)注意，如：the boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩（此

15、時(shí)in the classroom為girl的定語(yǔ)），也可以理解為男孩在教室里喊女孩（此時(shí)in the classroom為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)），最好寫作in the classroom, the boy calls the girl.1) 副詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：the boy needs a pen very much. 男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語(yǔ)）the boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母親買的那支鋼筆。（賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)則狀語(yǔ)前置）the boy really needs a pen. 男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語(yǔ)）

16、the boy needs a pen now./now, the boy needs a pen./the boy, now, needs a pen./男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）2) 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)：in the classroom, the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）before his mother, tom is always a boy. 在母親面前,湯姆總是個(gè)男孩子.(條件狀語(yǔ))on sundays, there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里無(wú)學(xué)生.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))3) 分詞（短

17、語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：he sits there, asking for a pen. 他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。（原因狀語(yǔ)）frightened, he sits there soundlessly.（因?yàn)椋┦芰梭@嚇，他無(wú)聲地坐在那兒。（原因狀語(yǔ)）4) 不定式作狀語(yǔ)：the boy needs a pen to do his homework. 男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。（目的狀語(yǔ)）to make his dream come true, tom beco

18、mes very interested in business./為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,湯姆變得對(duì)商業(yè)很有興趣.5) 名詞作狀語(yǔ)： come this way! 走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z(yǔ)）e. 直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)：有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語(yǔ)；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前。1) 一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)。如：give me a cup of tea, please.2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) + to + 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：show this house to

19、mr. smith.3) 若直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱代詞：動(dòng)詞+ 代詞直接賓語(yǔ) + to + 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：bring it to me, please. f. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。賓語(yǔ)與其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。1) 名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞 the war made him a soldier./戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.2) 名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞new methods make the job easy./新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松.3) 名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語(yǔ) i often find him at work./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作.4) 名

20、詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式the teacher ask the students to close the windows./老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶.5) 名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞 i saw a cat running across the road. 練一練 劃分句子成分：1. he works hard. _ 2. we learn english. _3. i am a teacher. _ 4. he taught us english. _5. his parents named him abraham, but we all call him abe.6. he seems a

21、 clever boy. _ 7. she is beautiful. _8. the sun rises in the east. _ 9. he has just come. _10. she reads newspapers after supper. _11. li ping wants to be a doctor. _ 12. i lent her a novel. _13. i hope that you often write me letters. _14. please hand me another cup of tea. _15. allow me a few minu

22、tes to read the magazine. _16. can you spare me a few minutes? _ 17. it will save you a lot of money. _18. please sit down and make yourself comfortable._19. i was very happy at the good news, which kept me awake the whole night. _20. will you allow me to take this magazine home? _【學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程】1預(yù)習(xí)情況交流。2 學(xué)習(xí)

23、策略培養(yǎng)：理解句子中各個(gè)成分的不同用法?！咀灾髡n堂作業(yè)】 一、選擇下列劃線部分的成分。a. subject b. predicate c predicative d direct objecte. indirect object f. attributive g. adverbial h. object complement1. this problem makes us very unhappy. _2. i bought sandy some stamps as her birthday presents. _.3. kitty goes to english corner every week. _4. this is a difficult question. i cant work it out. _5. watching a football game is fun to him. _6. my mother went to work three hours ago. _7. we can call the little girl xiaolingdang. _8. drinking enough water every day is good for our health. _9. jim found his do