1、 句子成分和五種基本句型 一、導(dǎo)入 1 四只老鼠吹牛。甲：我每天都拿鼠藥當(dāng)糖吃；乙：我一天不踩老鼠夾腳發(fā)癢；丙：我每天不過(guò)幾次大街不踏實(shí)；?。簳r(shí)間不早了，回家抱貓去咯。 2 一群螞蟻爬上了大象的背，但被搖了下來(lái)，只有一只螞蟻死死地抱著大象的脖子不放，下面的螞蟻大叫：掐死他，掐死他，小樣，還他媽反了！ 二、知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧 略（1）專題講解 專題1：詞類(lèi) 1. 十大詞類(lèi) 實(shí)詞：可以在句子里面充當(dāng)成分，可以獨(dú)立出現(xiàn) 1.名詞 n. 表示人和事物的名稱，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等 2.代詞 pron. 代替名詞數(shù)詞等，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等 3.動(dòng)詞 v. 表示動(dòng)作，做謂語(yǔ) 4.形容詞 adj. 表示人或事物的特征，作定語(yǔ)、

2、表語(yǔ)，譯作“.的” 5.副詞 adv. 表示動(dòng)作特征或性狀特征，修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或其它副詞，做狀語(yǔ)，譯作“地” 6.數(shù)詞 num. 表示數(shù)目或順序，做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等 虛詞：不能獨(dú)立出現(xiàn) 7.冠詞 art. 用在名詞前幫助說(shuō)明其意義，a / an / the 8.介詞 prep. 用在名詞，代詞等前面，說(shuō)明它與別的詞之間的關(guān)系 9.連詞 conj. 用來(lái)連接詞與詞或句與句 10.感嘆詞 interj. 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的感情或口氣專題2：句子成分 1. 句子成分概述 組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分，既:主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體部分。 1.主要成

3、分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)（必須有） 2.特定成分：賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（在某種特定的句型里面出現(xiàn)） 3.附加成分：定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)（可有可無(wú)，可多可少） 2、句子各種成分的含義理解：1）、主語(yǔ)：句子的主角，一個(gè)句子在說(shuō)或討論誰(shuí)（啥），誰(shuí)（啥）就是主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)一般放在句首。 （在“主+謂 +賓”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。） E.g：Tom is a doctor. My father and my mother are teachers. Today is my birthday. I can see a desk in the room. Watching TV too much is

4、bad for your eyes. Beijing is a good place to visit.2）、謂語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)必須是動(dòng)詞（be/情態(tài)/實(shí)意動(dòng)詞）。一般放在主語(yǔ)的后面。謂語(yǔ)要跟 前面的主語(yǔ)在“人稱”和“數(shù)”上保持一致，這叫主謂一致。 E.g：I am a teacher. My parents work in a school. You can swim. Lucy doesnt do homework every day The apple tastes good. He doesnt like English. I cant join the club.3）、表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)

5、對(duì)前面的主語(yǔ)起表明、表達(dá)、表現(xiàn)、表示的作用。表明了主語(yǔ)的身份、特征或 狀態(tài)。（表語(yǔ)一般為名詞或形容詞，用于“主+系+表”的結(jié)構(gòu)中。） E.g：I am Lily. I am a teacher. That sounds interesting. We must keep healthy. My dream is to be a teacher. My teacher looks excited. 4）、賓語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者就是賓語(yǔ)。（在“主+謂 +賓”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者， 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。） E.g：They sing songs. The boy join the swi

6、mming club. The little dog looked at me. I have a book. You like playing soccer. He is reading a newspaper. 5）、定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)起修飾、形容作用，一般由形容詞充當(dāng)。（還可以由代詞、數(shù)詞充當(dāng)） E.g：Its a beautiful car. Beijing is a good place to visit. I have two big eyes. My father often takes a long walk. I have two pens. The red pen is Toms.

7、 6）、狀語(yǔ)：狀語(yǔ)也起修飾作用，一般由副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，在句中表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、 條件、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞。 （注：修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)通常放在動(dòng)詞后。He runs quickly. 但有些副詞如often, always, usually 等作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。） E.g：He is very tall. He runs quickly. I often go to school at 7:00. I often have lunch at school. They sing this song in English. The

8、teacher smiled in his office. If it rains tomorrow, well stay at home.（條件狀語(yǔ)從句） We had to stay at home because of the rain.（原因狀語(yǔ)從句） I have to work hard so that I can pass the text.（目的狀語(yǔ)從句） 7）、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 E.g：He made the boy laugh. I found the dog running through our garden. We call him Litt

9、le Tiger I find learning English difficult.（difficult是形容詞做賓補(bǔ)） I saw the kite up and down.（up and down是副詞做賓補(bǔ)） Tom made the girl cry.（cry是動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)） 形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別: 形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞。 副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞。E.g：1、I like the new book.（形容詞作定語(yǔ)） Lily is a happy girl.（形容詞作定語(yǔ)） 2、He runs quickly.（副詞作狀語(yǔ)） Lily learns English happ

10、ily.（副詞作狀語(yǔ)） 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分： 及物動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞后可以直接涉及、加上一個(gè)物（或人）作賓語(yǔ)。 E.g：I play football. Mother bought a new bag. 不及物動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞后不可以直接涉及、加上一個(gè)物（或人）作賓語(yǔ)。 E.g：He runs quickly. They swim every day.專題3：五種基本句型 五種基本句型： 英語(yǔ)句子是由主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞）、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分組成，按照這些成分的組合方式的不同，英語(yǔ)句子可分為五種基本句型。其他各種句型都是由這五種基本句型轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)的。 五種基本句型 漢語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)縮寫(xiě)1、主

11、語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)S + V2、主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)S + V + O3、主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞） + 表語(yǔ)S + V + P4、主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)S + V + INO + DO5、主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)S + V + O + OC1）、主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)1、The teacher smiled.2、The boy can swim.3、The sun has risen.4、I dont know. 5、The rain has stopped.2）、主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ) 1、I love you. 2、He helps

12、us. 3、She played the piano . 4、The students played football. 5、We study English. 6、The children are watching TV.3）、主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞）+ 表語(yǔ) （英語(yǔ)中有一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫連系動(dòng)詞，它后面用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”、“怎么樣”的成分，叫做表語(yǔ)。） Be動(dòng)詞（am is are was were） 連系動(dòng)詞 感官動(dòng)詞（look , sound , smell , taste , feel , seem ) 1、My dad is old. 2、Your pen is in the desk

13、. 3、The house is large. 4、They are Chinese. 5、These boxes are heavy. 6、I am 17 years old. 7、That girl was me. 8、You look sad. 9、It tastes good. （注：系動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)翻譯成“是”，更多的時(shí)候不譯出來(lái)，受中文影響，翻譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)容易丟掉。 英語(yǔ)句子中必須有動(dòng)詞。丟掉連系動(dòng)詞，就是不完整的句子了。）4）、主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ) 分析下面句子：He gave us some money.間接賓語(yǔ)（人） 直接賓語(yǔ)（物）Ill teach you

14、 English.間接賓語(yǔ)（由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)） 雙賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)（由名詞或從句充當(dāng)） 1、Ill bring you some new books. 2、He returned me the money . 3、They sent their son a car. 4、My uncle bought me a bike (last week). 5、Mother made me a new shirt (last Sunday).5） 、主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞后只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ),說(shuō)明情況，才能使意思

15、完整。 1. They painted the door green. 他們把門(mén)刷成綠色。（green，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明門(mén)的性質(zhì)） 2. They found the house big. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子很大。（big，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明房子的狀態(tài)） 3.I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.我看見(jiàn)Mr. Wang上了公交車(chē)。 （get on the bus，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明Mr. Wang做了何事） 從句: 賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、（主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句）（注：哪個(gè)句子成分不再是簡(jiǎn)單的單詞、短語(yǔ)，而是個(gè)完整的句子，它就會(huì)是一個(gè)相應(yīng)的從句。 初中階段我們主要了解賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句三種

16、從句。） （2） 變式練習(xí) 一、選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞. 1、I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall 2、Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus 3、There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon 4、Did the twins have po

17、rridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast 5、Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework 6、Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book 二、選出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)1、My brother hasnt done his homework. A B C D2、People all over the world speak Engli

18、sh. A B C D3、The old man said he was ill. A B C 4、You will find the museum on the left. A B C 5、You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C 6、They didnt know Tom.A B C 4、 鞏固練習(xí)一、挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)1、The old man was feeling very tired. A B C 2、The leaves have turned yellow. A B C 3、They look beautiful

19、. A B C 4、She was the first one.A B C 二、選出下列句中的定語(yǔ)1、What is your English name? A B C 2、The man downstairs sleeping. A B C 3、I am waiting for the tall boy. A B C 4、 The old man is 90 years old. A B C三、選出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1、He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B C 2、They call me Lily sometimes. A B C

20、3、I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C 4、Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground ? A B C 四、選出下列句中的狀語(yǔ). 1、Tom runs fast. A B C 2、There was a big smile on her face. A B C 3、Every night he heard the noise . A B C 4、He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B C 5、She loves the librar

21、y because she loves books. A B C 5、 拓展訓(xùn)練一、劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ). Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me? 二、寫(xiě)出劃線部分的句子成分 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in