1、Growing Grapes,Wisconsin Challenges with Growing Grapes,Bud injury occurs between -10 and -25 degrees F. Select cultivars which mature within your growing season (frost free period). Success depends upon selected cultural management practices,Bud Injury,NY Bulletin “Dont plant grapes in any area rec

2、eiving temperatures below -10 degrees F. FYI Strawberry buds show flower damage at temperatures below 15 degrees F. (Mulch, straw, snow, etc.),Mulch Trials,1989 winter air temperature at 40 F at Spooner ARS. -Bluebelle yields from unprotected vines on trellis.2# per plant average -Bluebelle yields f

3、rom protected (snow mulch) vines .12 # per plant average,Heat Unit Accumulation Base 50,Cultivar Choices - Hardiness,Valiant Beta (Alpha) King of the North (Jungs Nursery) Suelter Bluebelle MN 78 Eona,Swenson Red Eidelweiss Other Swenson cvs. Worden Fredonia Concord,Cultivar Choices - Maturity,Valia

4、nt (late Aug.) Beta Swenson Red (early Sept.) MN 78 Bluebelle (mid to late Sept.) Eidelweiss,Eona Suelter (late Sept.) King of the North Worden Fredonia (early to mid Oct.) Concord,Recent Introductions,St Croix St. Pepin Lacrosse Kay Gray Espirit Frontenac (wine type) Prairie Star Louise Swenson,Swe

5、nson White Skujinsh 675 (Latvia) ripens early and in cool seasons Zilga (Lativa) Kandiyohi Summer Sweet (early, late Aug.),Botany and Propagation,Pre-flowering showing cluster, leaf, and leaf shoot,Flowering,Flowers to Fruit,Getting Started,Site Selection full sun Sources of vines propagation Spacin

6、g 10 x 10 Build the trellis before planting Plan training system,Planting Vines,Early spring is the best time to plant grapevines. Fall planting is not recommended because plants are likely to be lost to heaving. During the first year, the vines are normally tied to a stake to keep them off the grou

7、nd.,Training System4Cane Kniffin,Training SystemSingle Curtain,Training SystemOpen Fan,Fan System(with mulch potential),Winter Mulch,Snow Bury in Soil Use organic mulch (hay, straw, etcmice can be a problem.) Uncover and trellis before spring growth begins.,Spur and Cane Training,Cane Pruning System

8、s,Pruning,Annual pruning is important in maintaining a uniform yearly production of quality fruit. The best time to prune grapevines is in the dormant season after the danger of severe cold weather has past. When Lay-down management is used, prune mildly in fall and complete pruning at spring trelli

9、sing.,Fruiting Cane/Fruit,Training SystemLazy J for Horizontal Lay-down,Planting for Training System,Seasonal Pruning(About 40 buds per plant),Summer Growth,Summer Growth,Before Spring Pruning,Save canes from last seasons growthcontains fruiting buds,Planning for Summer Growth,Spring Pruned,Training

10、 a New Trunk(Used to replace old/damaged),Fertilizing,Grapes perform best where the soil pH is between 5.0 and 6.0. Apply 8 ounces of 10-10-10 fertilizer per plant seven days after planting . Annually apply 11/2 pounds (10-10-10) per vine in the third and later years about 30 days before new growth

11、begins in the spring.,Fertilizer Application,Do not concentrate fertilizer at the base of the trunk. Keep fertilizer 6 to 12 inches from the trunk and spread evenly under the spread of the vine.,Weed Management/Mulch,For best vine performance, avoid using thick organic mulchesheat needed for growth.

12、 Use tillage, herbicides or black plastic mulch to control weeds.,Diseases,Common grape diseases are black rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, phomopsis cane and leaf spot, and botrytis bunch rot or gray rot. Proper spacing for air circulation. Consider a disease pesticide program. Use organic Bordeaux and horticultural oils.,Insects,Major insects and mites on grapes are grape berry moth, Japanese beetle, grape flea beetle, European red mite, grape root borer, and grape phylloxera.,Herbicide Injury,Grape Phyloxera,Summary of Cultural Practices,Select cultivars to match your climate