1、非謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤例析（一）英語中的非謂語動(dòng)詞是高考的語言重點(diǎn)，是歷屆高考試題中的必考內(nèi)容，也是中學(xué)生在校學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中深感棘手的難點(diǎn)。下面是學(xué)生經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)的非謂語動(dòng)詞的一些例子?！纠?】W It took her two hours finishing her homework. R It took her two hours to finish her homework. 【例2】W It is no use to regret what has been done. R It is no use regretting what has been done.【分析】 不定式,動(dòng)名詞均可以用作句

2、子的主語.其區(qū)別不大,?？苫Q.但在某些句型中的主語用動(dòng)名詞(例2),某些句型中主語永不定式(例1)都屬于習(xí)慣用法,一般不宜互換。 【例3】W Most of the students enjoy to read novels. R Most of the students enjoy reading novels.【例4】W He always refuses doing what he is unwilling to. R He always refuses to do what he is unwilling to.【分析】不定式,動(dòng)名詞均可以作賓語。但并非每個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞后都可以接不定式或

3、者都能解動(dòng)名詞。要根據(jù)各個(gè)動(dòng)詞的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)選定不定式活動(dòng)名詞。1. 某些動(dòng)詞后既可以接不定式又可以接動(dòng)名詞,其意義差別不大,可以互換。這類動(dòng)詞有: like love hate dislike begin start continue 等。例: She likes playing(to play ) chess in her spare time.Nobody can bear to be laughed (being laughed) at in public.2. 某些及物動(dòng)詞后只能接不定式作賓語,不能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語如(例4)。這類動(dòng)詞有:hope, offer, help, expect,

4、 learn, demand, decide, refuse, ask, prepare, plan, choose, manage, pretend, fail, wish, agree等。例:She pretended _ me when I passed by. (MET 89.34)A. not to seeB. Not seeing C. To not see D. Having not seen (A) We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (NMET95.19 )A. learn B. To learn C. L

5、earned D. Learning (B) 3. 某些及物動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語,不能跟不定式作賓語如(例3)。這類動(dòng)詞有:mind, suggest, avoid, excuse, finish, allow, admit, resist, miss, enjoy, consider, imagine, advise, permit, prevent, delay, appreciate, give up, put off, feel like, consist on, cant help等。I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. (MET92

6、.18)A.you to callB. you call C. your callingD. youre calling (C)People couldnt help _ the foolish emperor in the procession. (MET83.20)A. laugh atB. to laugh atC. laughing at D. laughing on (C)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. (MET87.38)A.catchingB. to be caught C. being caught D. to cat

7、ch (C)【例5】W Nobody was allowed smoking here. R Nobody was allowed to smoke here.【分析】某些動(dòng)詞如: allow permit forbid advise continue 等后面必須接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但也可以接不定式的復(fù)合賓語。本句為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后面的非謂語動(dòng)詞為不足語。Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (NMET93.34)Ato inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having

8、 invented (C)4.某些動(dòng)詞或詞組后接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。這類動(dòng)詞有：need want require be worth 等。- What do you think of the book? (MET89)- Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read (C)5.某些動(dòng)詞如：remember forget regret try 后接動(dòng)名詞，表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。接不定式表示動(dòng)作未出現(xiàn)。She didnt remember _ him b

9、efore. (MET88.26)A. having met B. have met C. meet D. to having met (A)- The light in the office is still on. (MET91.35) - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it offB. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off (C)- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.(NMET95.26)- Well, now I re

10、gret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have doneD. having done (D) 【例6】W She left here without to tell anybody. R She left here without telling anybody. 【例7】W I have no idea of what doing next. R I have no idea of what to do next. 【分析】介詞一般由動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)如例6。但某些介詞如：of on about 后可接一個(gè)帶疑問詞的不定式短語作賓語。如例7. Last

11、 summer I took a course on _ . (MET90.22) A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be madeC.how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made (A) How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (NMET93.17) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking (C) 【例8】W There was an old man lived in the village

12、. R There was an old man living in the village.【例9】W The bicycle having stolen last week hasnt been found. R The bicycle stolen last week hasnt been found.【例10】W The building completed next week will be used as a library.R The building to be completed next week will be used as a library.【分析】分詞，不定式均可

13、以作定語。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與被修飾名詞在邏輯上為主謂關(guān)系。如例8。Do you know the boy _ under the tree? (MET89.16 )A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying (D)There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. AfollowedB. following C. to be followed D. being followed (B)【分析】及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，與被修飾名詞在邏輯上為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如例9。Most of the artists_ to the

14、party were from South Africa.(MET90.28)A. invitedB. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited (A)【分析】不定式作定語，表將來，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成。如例10。The first test-books_ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET94.34)A. having writtenB. to be written C. being written D.wr

15、itten (D) 非謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤例析（二）【例11】W Being seriously ill, he sent his mother to hospital. R being seriously ill, his mother was sent to hospital. 【例12】W Not knowing to the people here, he introduced himself first.R Not known to the people here, he introduced himself first.【分析】分詞作狀語，必須與句子的主語發(fā)生邏輯上的關(guān)系，一般情況下，現(xiàn)在

16、分詞作狀語，句子主語必須是現(xiàn)在分詞的發(fā)出者。如例11。過去分詞作狀語，句子主語必須是過去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，如例12。_ more attention the trees could have grown better.(MET90.33)A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD.Having given(A)The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.(MET91.33)A.to prepareB.preparing C.preparedD.was preparing(B)【例1

17、3】W Doing his homework, he began to watch TV.R Having done his homework, he began to watch TV.【分析】當(dāng)分詞動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)，分詞應(yīng)用完成式。_ a reply,he decided to write again.(MET92.39)A.Not receivingB.Receiving notC.Not having receivedD.Having not received(C)【例14】W The train started off Tianjin at 8 oclock,reaching

18、Beijing station 4 hours later.R The train started off Tianjin at 8 oclock and reached Beijing station 4 hours latter.【分析】現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行或常存狀態(tài)，瞬間動(dòng)詞不宜用于現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作狀語。She set out soon after dark_ home an hour later.(NMET94.18)A.arrivingB.to arriveC.having arrivedD.and arrived(D)【例15】W Not to know what to do, he

19、came up to ask for help.R Not knowing what to do, he came up to ask for help.【分析】不定式、分詞均可作狀語，但功用不同。不定式表目的，結(jié)果；分詞表原因、方式、伴隨情況等。The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.(NMET94.32)A.having addedB.to addC.addingD.added(C)【例16】W This problem is ve

20、ry difficult to deal.R This problem is very difficult to deal with.【分析】在“主語beadj.不定式”的句型中，主語在邏輯上往往為不定式的賓語，因此當(dāng)不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.(MET88.29)A.sitB.sit onC.be satD.be sat on(B)這種情況同樣適用于作定語的不定式。We had little to eat,onlu a cold ro

21、om to live in.Children in new China have nothing to worry about.【例17】W The boy was noticed take away your book.R The boy was noticed to take away your book.【分析】在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要省去不定式符號(hào)to，但在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中一定要添上to。John was made_ the track for a week as a punishment.(MET91.39)A.to washB.washingC.washD.

22、to be washing(A)Paul doesnt have to be made_.He always works hard.(NMET95.11)A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning (B)【例18】W The thief was caught to steal a ladys wallet.R The thief was caught stealing a ladys wallet.【分析】不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞可以作賓補(bǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行，不定式則表示動(dòng)作的完結(jié)。The missing boys were seen_ near the river.(NMET94.25)A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play(A)【例19】W The girl was so lazy that she always had her clothes to be washed.R The girl