1摘要從60年代初發(fā)明到現(xiàn)在，三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)（CMM）在制造業(yè)得到世界范圍廣泛應(yīng)用，成為3D檢測(cè)工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量技術(shù)得到迅速發(fā)展，而配套檢測(cè)軟件的發(fā)展，更是突飛猛進(jìn)。最早的三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)只能顯示XYZ坐標(biāo)，而目前的各種檢測(cè)軟件幾乎可以解決用戶的絕大部分問題。軟件日益成為影響用戶使用好壞的關(guān)鍵所在。CMM測(cè)量軟件發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)檢測(cè)來說，通常是設(shè)計(jì)部門提供二維圖紙，檢驗(yàn)部門根據(jù)圖紙對(duì)工件進(jìn)行尺寸及形位公差的檢測(cè)。隨著三維CAD軟件的應(yīng)用，越來越多的技術(shù)部門使用三維CAD建模技術(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。因此，各坐標(biāo)機(jī)廠家紛紛推出了基于三維CAD技術(shù)的測(cè)量軟件，直接將客戶設(shè)計(jì)好的三維CAD模型導(dǎo)入測(cè)量軟件進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。這樣做的優(yōu)點(diǎn)非常明顯，不需要額外的圖紙，理論值可以直接捕獲，更可以進(jìn)行測(cè)量仿真，測(cè)頭干涉檢查等，所以，受到用戶的一致好評(píng)?；贑AD的測(cè)量成為目前三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量軟件的發(fā)展熱點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)傳感器三維傳動(dòng)裝置2AbstractInventsfromthebeginningofthe60stopresent,coordinatemeasuringmachines(CMM)obtainstheworldwidescalewidespreadapplicationinthemanufacturingindustry,becomesthe3Dexaminationindustrystandardequipment.Threecoordinatessurveytechnologyobtainstherapiddevelopment,butthenecessaryexaminationsoftwaredevelopment,isprogressesbyleapsandbounds.TheearliestcoordinatemeasuringmachinesonlycandemonstratetheXYZcoordinates,butthepresenteachkindofexaminationsoftwaremaysolveusersmajorpartproblemnearly.Thesoftwarebecomestheinfluenceuserusequalitythekeytobeatdaybyday.TheCMMsurveysoftwaretrendofdevelopment,regardingthetraditionalcoordinatemeasuringmachinesexamination,usuallyisdesignsthedepartmenttoprovidethetwo-dimensionalblueprint,theinspectiondepartmentcarriesonthesizeandtheshapepositioncommondifferenceexaminationaccordingtotheblueprinttotheworkpiece.AlongwiththethreedimensionalCADsoftwareapplication,themoreandmoremanytechnicaldepartmentusesthethreedimensionalCADmodelingtechnologytocarryonthedesign.Therefore,variouscoordinatesmachinefactoryhaspromotedinabundancebasedonthethreedimensionalCADtechnologysurveysoftware,thethreedimensionalCADmodelwhichdesignsthecustomerinductsdirectlysurveysthesoftwaretocarryontheexamination.Doesthisthemeritisextremelyobvious,doesnotneedtheextrablueprint,thetheoreticalvaluemaycatchdirectly,maycarryonthesurveysimulation,thegaugeheadinterferenceinspectionandsoon,therefore,receivestheusertheconsistenthighpraise.SurveythesoftwarebasedontheCADsurveyintoatpresentthreecoordinatesthedevelopmenthotspot.KeywordsCoordinatemeasuringmachinesSensorThreedimensionalTransmissiondevice3目錄摘要IAbstractII第1章緒論11.1三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展11.2三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)測(cè)量原理41.2.1三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的組成51.2.2三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)51.3設(shè)計(jì)要求6第2章三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)總體設(shè)計(jì)方案72.1設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)和內(nèi)容72.2總體設(shè)計(jì)方案擬訂72.2.1三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì)72.2.2三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)電路部分設(shè)計(jì)82.3主要參數(shù)的確定14第3章三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算153.1進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇計(jì)算153.1.1調(diào)速電動(dòng)機(jī)的容量的計(jì)算153.1.2步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的概述153.1.3步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的容量的計(jì)算163.2軸概述163.2.1軸的用途163.2.2軸的材料163.2.3軸的材料173.3軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)173.3.1擬定軸上零件的裝配方案173.3.2軸上零件的定位173.3.3軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)183.3.4初步設(shè)計(jì)軸的最小直徑.203.3.5擬定軸上零件的裝配方案213.3.6根據(jù)軸向定位的要求確定軸的個(gè)段直徑和長(zhǎng)度2143.3.7軸上零件的軸向定位223.3.8確定軸上圓角和倒角尺寸223.4絲杠螺母副的選用計(jì)算223.4.1絲杠螺母的導(dǎo)程的確定223.4.2確定絲杠的等效轉(zhuǎn)速233.4.3絲杠的等效負(fù)233.4.4確定絲杠所受的最大動(dòng)載荷Cax233.4.5臨界壓縮負(fù)荷Fcr233.4.6臨界轉(zhuǎn)速驗(yàn)算243.4.7計(jì)算軸承動(dòng)載荷253.4.8絲杠拉壓振動(dòng)和扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)的固有頻率驗(yàn)算263.5絲杠的扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度263.6傳動(dòng)精度計(jì)算273.7導(dǎo)軌的選型及計(jì)算273.7.1滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌的結(jié)構(gòu)及配283.7.2滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌副的預(yù)緊283.7.3滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌副潤(rùn)滑防護(hù)293.8橫向伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算（同以上方法）293.9縱向、橫向的移動(dòng)工作臺(tái)的裝配圖（見附圖1）29第4章夾具的初步設(shè)計(jì)304.1載要304.2機(jī)床夾具的基本要求304.3機(jī)床夾具概述