Chinglish 中式英語,He Wenzhao April，2014,I. What is Chinglish？,A: “Hello.” B: “Hi.” A: “You have what thing？” B: “Can you speak English？” A: “If I not speak English, I am speaking what” B: “Can anybody else speak English？,I. What is Chinglish？,A: “You yourself look. All people are playing, no people have time, you can wait, you wait, you not wait, you go！ B; “Good heavens. Anybody here can speak English？” A: “Shout what shout, quiet a little, you on earth have what thing ?” B: “I want to speak to your head.” A: “Head not zai. You tomorrow come！ Q: Does A speak English? Both no and yes.,I. What is Chinglish？,I. What is Chinglish？,Definition The English word Chinglish refers to the mixture of Chinese and English words, or the word for word translation from Chinese. The Chinese equivalent is Zhngsh Yngy (simplified Chinese: 中式英語; traditional Chinese: literally “Chinese style English“).,II. History,English first arrived in China in 1637, when British traders reached Macao and Guangzhou. In the 17th century, Chinese Pidgin English originated as a lingua franca(通用語) for trade between British people and mostly Cantonese-speaking Chinese people. “Pidgin“, the proto-Chinglish emerged as a Chinese mispronunciation of the English word “business“.,II. History,In pidgin English, some similar Chinese sounds are used to substitute for the equivalent English, either because of lacking such sounds or because of influencing by the dialects. For example, we have ragged verse like:爺是發(fā)它(father),娘是媽它(mother),來是卡姆(come),去是狗(go),明天就吃兔貓肉(tomorrow).馬鈴薯就是胖打素(potato).,II. History,Following the First and Second Opium War between 18391842, Pidgin English spread north to Shanghai and other treaty ports. However, pidgin usage began to decline in the late 19th century when Chinese and missionary schools(教會(huì)學(xué)校) began teaching Standard English.,II. History,Turning point In 1982, the Chinese government made English the main foreign language in education. Current estimates for the number English learners in China range from 300 to 500 million. Insufficient resources: quality English teacher and English native speakers. Much more influence than ever on modern English.,II. History,II. History,2. 歡迎你到. x welcome you to . welcome to 3. 祝你有個(gè). x wish you have a . I wish you a .,1. 怎么拼? X how to spell? how do you spell?,4 .用英語怎么說？ X How to say? How do you say this in English? 5. 我想我不行。 X I think I cant. I dont think I can.,12. 這個(gè)春節(jié)你回家嗎？ 是的，我回去。 -Will you be going back home for the Spring Festival? x-Of course! -Sure. / Certainly.,III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,Unnecessary Words 1. 他的名字叫約翰。 A: His name is called John. B: His name is John 2. 加快經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的步伐 A: to accelerate the pace of economic reform B: to accelerate economic reform,III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,Unnecessary noun 那時(shí)東北的形勢(shì)仍然是敵強(qiáng)我弱。 A: at that time the situation in northeast China was still one where the enemy was stronger than the peoples forces B: at that time the enemy was still stronger than the peoples forces in northeast China “situation” 特別啰嗦，而且還將其它的詞“one where”牽進(jìn)來了. ,Unnecessary modifier 1. 在將來的30到50年間，我們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)上將達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的水平。 A: in another 30 to 50 years, we shall approach the level of the economically developed countries B: in another 30 to 50 years, we shall approach the level of the developed countries (通常情況下，“發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家”已經(jīng)意味著是經(jīng)濟(jì)上發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家，因此，沒有必要再加上修飾語。),III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,2. 許多跨國(guó)公司已經(jīng)在中國(guó)開始了各種商業(yè)活動(dòng)。 A: Hundreds of transnational firms have started various businesses in China B: Hundreds of transnational firms have started businesses in China various這個(gè)詞是中式英語的又一典型多余修飾語。 類似的名詞詞組（“a series of” “all sorts of”, and “various kinds of”) 在翻譯中通常不必譯出。在漢語中需要它們來表明復(fù)數(shù)，然而在英語中，只需以名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。,III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,3. 今年從外國(guó)進(jìn)口的汽車急劇地下降。 A: imports of foreign automobiles have declined sharply this year B: imports of automobiles have declined sharply this year (進(jìn)口不是從外國(guó)難道還是從本國(guó)進(jìn)口嗎？),III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,4. 該理論也是黨在意識(shí)形態(tài)方面的寶貴財(cái)富 A: that the theory too is a valuable ideological treasure of the Party B: that the theory too is an ideological treasure of the Party (A treasure本身就寶貴的，無需加修飾語),III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,Saying the same thing twice: 暫時(shí)性 temporary in nature 新發(fā)明 new innovation. 互相合作 mutual cooperation,III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,Unnecessary Category Words 1. 促進(jìn)和平統(tǒng)一事業(yè) A: promoting the cause of peaceful reunification B: promoting peaceful reunification 2. 中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)在還處在落后狀態(tài)。 A: Chinas economy is still in a state of backwardness. B: Chinas economy is still backward.,III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,Unacceptable Collocation 1.參加考試 take part in an examination take/sit for an exam 2.擁擠的交通crowded traffic busy/heavy traffic 3.他們的思想還年輕 A: Their brain is still very young. B: They are still very immature.,III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,Improper Rhetoric Application A: With the reform and opening to the outside world, TV advertising is developing rapidly like bamboo shoots after spring rain. B: With the reform and opening to the outside world, TV advertising is developing rapidly like mushrooms after spring rain.,III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,Syntactic Error 1. 請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我兩小時(shí)。 Please allow me more two hours. Please give me another two hours. 2. 和他結(jié)婚以后，她的麻煩就開始了。 After marrying him, her trouble began. After marrying him, she began to have troubles.,III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,Ambiguous Reference A: The doctor handed the child to the father with a smile on his face. (ambiguous, on whose face, the fathers, the doctors, or the childs?) B: With a smile on his face, the doctor handed the child to the father. ( clear, definitely on the doctors face.),III. Some Characteristics of Chinglish,Improper Word Order A: Its estimated that our army will reach 5,500,000 at its peak next year. B: Its estimated that at its peak next year our army will reach 5,500,000. Jacques Barzun states “the emphatic places in a sentence are beginning and end, the end being