Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有禮的要求If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!New words and expressions 生詞和短語park v. 停放（汽車） traffic n. 交通 ticket tikit n. 交通違規(guī)罰款單 note nut n. 便條area ri n. 地段 sign sain n. 指示牌 reminder rmand n. 提示 fail feil v. 無視，忘記 obey bei v. 服從參考譯文 一旦你把汽車停錯(cuò)了地方，交通警很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)。如果他沒給你罰單就放你走了，算你走運(yùn)。然而，情況并不都是這樣，交通警有時(shí)也很客氣。有一次在瑞典度假，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車上有這樣一個(gè)字條：“先生，歡迎您光臨我們的城市。此處是禁止停車區(qū)。如果您對我們街上的標(biāo)牌稍加注意，您在此會(huì)過得很愉快的。謹(jǐn)此提請注意?！比绻闶盏竭@樣的懇求，你是不會(huì)不遵照執(zhí)行的！1. A polite request 彬彬有禮的要求1) polite plait adj. (politer, politest) more polite和most polite亦常見1. having or showing good manners and respect for the feelings of others有禮貌的；客氣的；儒雅的 synonym: courteous k:tis有禮貌的；客氣的；(尤指) 恭敬的，謙恭的e.g. 請禮貌待客。Please be polite to our guests.2. socially correct but not always sincere 應(yīng)酬的；禮節(jié)性的；客套的：e.g. 我不曉得怎么說應(yīng)酬話。I dont know how to make polite conversation.3. only before noun from a class of society that believes it is better than others上流社會(huì)的adv. politely n. u politeness2) request rikwest n., v.n. (for sth.) / (that)1. the action of asking for sth. formally and politely(正式或禮貌的)要求，請求：e.g. 他們要求再給一些幫助。They made a request for further aid.他按照經(jīng)理的要求到了那里。He was there at the request of his manager/at his managers request.(=because his manager had asked him to go)2. a thing that you formally ask for要求的事 e.g. 廣播點(diǎn)播節(jié)目 a radio request programme (=a programme of music, songs, etc. that listeners have asked for)v. sth. (from sb.) (formal) to ask for sth. or ask sb. to do sth. in a polite or formal way(正式或禮貌地)請求；要求e.g. vn 你可以索要一份免費(fèi)的宣傳單。You can request a free copy of the leaflet.(copy n. c 1. (書、報(bào)紙等的一本，一冊，一份) 2. c (of sth.) 復(fù)印件，復(fù)制品)(leaflet li:flit n. 散頁印刷品；傳單；宣傳手冊；廣告手冊) vn to inf 請不要在餐館里吸煙。You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.他們要求他離開。They requested him to leave. v that 她要求下次開會(huì)前不要向任何人透露她的決定。 She requested that no one be told of her decision until the next meeting. 她要求不要向任何人談起她的決定。She requested that no one should be told of her decision.2. If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. 一旦你把汽車停錯(cuò)了地方，交通警很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)。1) 英語中指每個(gè)人/任何人的不定代詞通常是one:e.g. 一個(gè)人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道明天將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。(即大家都不知道)One can never know what will happen tomorrow.但在日常會(huì)話中，非正式的you則更為常用：e.g. 如果你進(jìn)行一次環(huán)球旅行的話，你就會(huì)看到許多風(fēng)景勝地。(you為泛指)If you make a journey around the world, youll see many beauty spots.2) park p:k v., n.v. 1. to leave a vehicle that you are driving in a particular place for a period of time.停(車)；泊(車)e.g. v 此處不準(zhǔn)停車。You cant park here. vn 此處禁止停車。You cant park the car here.2. vn.+adv./prep. yourself (informal) to sit or stand in a particular place for a period of time坐下(或站著) e.g. 她坐在床沿上。She parked herself on the edge of the bed.n. 1. c an area of public land in a town or a city where people go to walk, play and relax公園e.g. 我們?nèi)ス珗@散了散步。We went for a walk in the park.2. (in compounds構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞) an area of land used for a particular purpose專用區(qū)；園區(qū)e.g. 商業(yè)/科學(xué)園區(qū) a business/science park 野生動(dòng)物園 a wildlife park ( wildlife n. u 野生動(dòng)物；野生生物)3. c (in Britain) an enclosed area of land, usually with fields and trees, attached to a large country house(英國)莊園；庭院4. c (AmE) a piece of land for playing sports, esp. baseball 運(yùn)動(dòng)場；(尤指)棒球場5.(the park) (BrE) a football or rugby field 足球場；橄欖球場(rugby rbi n. u 橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng))3) 句尾的it代指的是句子的整個(gè)if從句，即你把汽車停錯(cuò)了地方這件事。parking n. u1. the act of stopping a vehicle at a place and leaving it there for a period of time停車；泊車e.g. 上午九時(shí)至下午六時(shí)此處禁止停車。There is no parking here between 9 a.m. and 6 p.m.2. a space or an area for leaving vehicles 停車場；停車位parking lot n. (AmE) an area where people can leave their cars 停車場(lot lt n. c (作某種用途的)一塊地，場地)parking ticket (also ticket) n. 違章停車傳票3) traffic trfik n., v.n. u 1. the vehicles that are on a road at a particular time路上行駛的車輛；交通e.g. 繁忙的/高峰時(shí)刻的交通 heavy/rush-hour traffic 交通警察 traffic police 2. the movement of ships, trains, aircraft, etc. along a particular route (沿固定路線的)航行，行駛，飛行 e.g. 空中交通管制 air traffic control 橫渡大西洋的航行 transatlantic traffic (transatlantic trnstlntk adj. obn 1. 橫渡大西洋的；橫越大西洋的 2. 大西洋兩岸國家的 3.在大西洋彼岸的；來自大西洋彼岸的)3. the movement of people or goods from one place to another運(yùn)輸；人流；貨流：e.g. 一國與另一國間的貨物運(yùn)輸 the traffic of goods between one country and another 4. (in sth.) illegal trade in sth.(非法的)交易，買賣 e.g. 毒品的非法交易 the traffic in drugs verb. (-ck-) phr.v. traffic in sth. to buy and sell sth. illegally(非法)進(jìn)行交易，做買賣e.g. 從事毒品非法交易 to traffic in drugs trafficker trfik n. 從事違法勾當(dāng)者e.g. 毒品販子 a drugs trafficker trafficking n. u 非法交易e.g. 被控販毒 to be accused of drug trafficking traffic jam n. a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or that can only move very slowly堵車；交通阻塞(jam dm n. 1. u, c 果醬 2. c 擁擠；堵塞)e.g. 我們遇上了交通阻塞。We were stuck in a traffic jam.(stick v. (stuck, stuck) vi.(in sth.) (在某物中)卡住，陷住，動(dòng)不了)traffic light n. c (also traffic lights pl.) (AmE also stoplights pl.) 交通信號(hào)燈4) police pli:s n. 警察部門，警方(與the連用)：e.g. 警車 a police car 一名男子被警方逮捕。A man was arrested by the police. 警方總是為治安操心。The police always care for public order. 你如果再不放開我，我就要叫警察了。If you dont let me go, Ill call the police.警察們正在盤問一名外國游客。The police are questioning a foreign tourist.vt. 1. (of the police, army, etc. 警察、軍隊(duì)等) to go around a particular area to make sure that nobody is breaking the law there 巡查；維護(hù)治安 e.g. 邊境將由聯(lián)合國官員巡查。The border will be policed by UN officials.(official n. (often in compounds)要員；官員；高級(jí)職員 adj. ubn 正式的；官方的；官方授權(quán)的)2. (of a committee kmiti , etc. 委員會(huì)等) to make sure that a particular set of rules is obeyed監(jiān)督；管制police dog n. 警犬 police force n. (國家、地區(qū)或城鎮(zhèn)的)警力，警察部隊(duì)police officer n. (also officer) 警察 police station (AmE also station house) n. 警察局；警察分局；派出所如果要單指一名警察，可以用policeman或policewoman:e.g. 那邊有一位交通警。你可以向他打聽去車站的路怎么走。There is a traffic policeman over there. You can ask him the way to the station.湯姆的姐姐是位(女)警察。Toms sister is a policewoman. 3. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. 如果他沒給你罰單就放你走了，算你走運(yùn)。1) let sb. go 1. to allow sb. to be free 放，釋放(某人)e.g. 他們是否會(huì)釋放人質(zhì)？Will they let the hostages go? (hostage hstid n. 人質(zhì))2. to make sb. have to leave their job解雇；開除：e.g. 由于利潤下降他們將不得不解雇100名員工。Theyre having to let 100 employees go because of falling profits. prftlet sb./sth. go / let go (of sb./sth.)1.to stop holding sb./sth. 放開；松手e.g. 那人抓住我的胳膊不放。The man wont let go (of) my arm.別松開繩子。Dont let go of the rope. / Dont let the rope go. 放手！你把我弄疼了。Let go! Youre hurting me!2. to give up an idea or an attitude, or control of sth. 放棄，摒棄(想法、態(tài)度或控制)e.g. 該忘掉過去了。Its time to let the past go. / Its time to let go of the past.let yourself go 1. to behave in a relaxed way without worrying about what people think of your behaviour 放松；隨心所欲：e.g. 來吧！盡情地玩，玩?zhèn)€痛快吧！Come on, enjoy yourself, let yourself go!2. to stop being careful about how you look and dress, etc. 不注重儀表；不修邊幅：e.g. 他失業(yè)后就不修邊幅了。He has let himself go since he lost his job. let me see/think used when you are thinking or trying to remember sth.讓我想一想；讓我思考一下 e.g. 現(xiàn)在讓我想想-他說他住在哪里呢？Now let me see-where did he say he lived?let sb. down to fail to help or support sb. as they had hoped or expected不能幫助，不能支持(某人)；使失望：e.g. 很遺憾，她讓我們大失所望。Im afraid she let us down badly.你盡管放心，這臺(tái)機(jī)器不會(huì)出毛病。This machine wont let you down.let sb. off (with sth.) to not punish sb. for sth. they have down wrong, or to give them only a light punishment不懲罰；放過；寬??；從輕處罰e.g. 她沒被處罰，只是受了個(gè)警告。She was let off with a warning.let sb. off sth. to allow sb. not to do sth. or not to go somewhere允許(某人)不做；準(zhǔn)許(某人)不去(某處) e.g. 他今天免了我們的家庭作業(yè)。He let us off homework today.let sth. off to fire a gun or make a bomb, etc. explode放(槍等)；使爆炸e.g. 那些男孩在放花炮。The boys were letting off fireworks.2) without a ticket 在這里指without giving you a ticket.3) ticket tikit n., v. n. 1.(for/to sth.) a printed piece of paper that gives you the right to travel on a particular bus, train, etc. or to go into a theatre, etc. 票；券；車票；戲票；入場券e.g. 公共汽車/戲/飛機(jī)票 a bus/theatre/plane ticket 演出的免費(fèi)入場券 free tickets to the show售票處；自動(dòng)售票機(jī) a ticket office/machine2. a label leibl that is attached to sth. in a shop/store giving details of its price, size, etc.(商店中標(biāo)明貨物價(jià)格、尺碼等的)標(biāo)簽3. an official notice that orders you to pay a fine because you have done sth. illegal while driving or parking your car (交通違章)通知單，罰款單e.g. 違章停車/超速駕駛罰款單 a parking/speeding ticket4. usually sing. (esp. AmE) a list of candidates that are supported by a particular political party in an election(政黨在選舉中所支持的)候選人名單e.g. 他計(jì)劃繼續(xù)代表共和黨參加 11 月份的選舉。He plans to remain on the Republican ticket for the November election.IDM: just the ticket (AmE, BrE)=just the job (BrE) (spoken, approving) exactly what is needed in a particular situation 正需要的東西；求之不得的東西e.g. 那杯茶來得正好。That cup of tea was just the job.Vt. 1. (technical術(shù)語) to produce and sell tickets for an event, a trip, etc.; to give sb. a ticket售票；給門票；送票e.g. 旅客現(xiàn)在可以電子購票。Passengers can now be ticketed electronically.(electronic ilektrnik adj. ubn 1. (of a device裝置)電子的；電子器件的 2. 電子設(shè)備的；電子器件的 electronically adv. 用電子方法；用電子裝置 )2. usually passive (esp. AmE) to give sb. an official notice that orders them to pay a fine because they have done sth. illegal while driving or parking a car發(fā)出交通違章通知單e.g. 違章停車就可能收到罰款單。Park illegally, and youre likely to be ticketed.Phr.v. be ticketed for sth. (esp. AmE) to be intended for a particular purpose被指定為；被委派為ticketing n.u the process of producing and selling tickets售票 e.g. 售票系統(tǒng) ticketing systems4. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. 然而，情況并不都是這樣，交通警有時(shí)也很客氣。this 代指上句話所說的情況，即交通警一般都會(huì)給你罰款單。5. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. 有一次在瑞典度假，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車上有這樣一個(gè)字條：“先生，歡迎您光臨我們的城市。此處是禁止停車區(qū)。如果您對我們街上的標(biāo)牌稍加注意，您在此會(huì)過得很愉快的。謹(jǐn)此提請注意?！?) note nut n., v.n.1. c a short piece of writing to help you remember sth 筆記，記錄e.g. 請記下日期。 Please make a note of the dates.2. c a short information letter短箋；便條e.g. 她在廚房的餐桌上給杰克留了個(gè)便條。She left a note for Jack on the kitchen table.3. c a piece of paper money紙幣e.g. 一張面值為5英鎊的紙幣 a 5 note4. c a short comment (n. kment 評(píng)論；注釋；說明)on a word or passage in a book注釋；按語批注 e.g. 參見第223頁的注釋16。 See Note 16 on p. 223.IDM: of note (formal) 1. of fame or importance 著名的，重要的 e.g. 有些(很有)知名度的作家 a writer of (some/great) note2. worth noticing or paying attention to 值得注意：e.g. 會(huì)上有值得注意的事情發(fā)生嗎？Did anything of note happen at the meeting?take note (of sth.) to pay attention to sth. and be sure to remember it注意到；將銘記在心e.g. 牢記他說的話。Take note of what he says.留心一下天氣狀況。Take note of the weather conditions.v. (rather formal)1. to notice or pay careful attention to sth.注意；留意e.g. vn 請注意這位作家為達(dá)到戲劇效果而使用一般現(xiàn)在式的手法。 Note the way this writer uses the present tense for dramatic effect. ifekt（n. 結(jié)果；效果；作用；）v.+that 請注意，票的數(shù)量有限。Please note that there are a limited number of tickets.請注意這張賬單必須在10天內(nèi)付清。Please note that this bill must be paid within ten days. v+wh- 注意看他怎樣操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器，并想法子照他那樣做。Note how he operates preitthe machine and try to copy him. (copy vt. 模仿；效法；仿效)2. to mention sth because it is important or interesting指出；特別提到e.g. 值得指出的是最成功的公司價(jià)格最低。It is worth noting that the most successful companies had the lowest prices.Phr. v. note sth. down to write down sth. important so that you will not forget it記錄；記下notebook nutbuk n. 1筆記本(簿) 2.(also notebook computer)筆記本(電腦)；筆記本計(jì)算機(jī)laptop lptp n. 膝上型計(jì)算機(jī)；便攜式電腦 noted adj. (for/as sth) well known because of a special skill or feature(以)見稱，聞名，著名synonym: famous e.g. 著名的舞蹈演員 a noted dancer他沒什么幽默感。He is not noted for his sense of humour.這個(gè)湖作為許多鳥類的棲息地遐邇聞名。The lake is noted as a home to many birds.notepaper (also writing paper) n. u 信紙；便箋notable nutbl adj. (for sth) 值得注意的；顯著的；重要的e.g. 他的早期作品和后期作品之間有明顯的差異。 There is a notable difference between his earlier and later writings. n. usually pl. 名人；重要人物e.g. 許多著名人士參加了招待會(huì)。 Many notables attended the reception risepn. (n. 1. 接待,接見;歡迎 2. 接待會(huì);歡迎會(huì);宴會(huì)C) notably adv. 1. 尤其；特別 synonym: especiallye.g. 這房子有很多缺陷，尤其是它的地點(diǎn)和價(jià)格。 The house had many drawbacks, most notably its location (lukein n. 位置；場所) and price.(drawback dr:bkn. 缺點(diǎn)；缺陷；不利條件)2.極大程度上；非常 synonym: remarkablye.g. 這個(gè)項(xiàng)目沒有取得很大的成功。This has not been a notably successful project.2) No Parking原來是交通標(biāo)牌上的一句話，在句中作area的定語。類似的由若干個(gè)詞合成的詞組型定語還有：a never-to-be-forgotten day (一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)也不能忘掉的日子)，a well-to-do family(一個(gè)富裕的家庭)等。well-to-do adj. having a lot of money; rich 有錢的；富有的；富裕的e.g. 他們很闊綽。They are very well-to-do.3) area ri n. 1. c part of a place, town, etc., or a region of a country or the world(地方、城市、國家、世界的)地區(qū)，地域 e.g. 荒漠地區(qū) desert dezt areas 農(nóng)村/城市地區(qū) rural/urban areas 內(nèi)城區(qū) inner-city areas(rural rurl adj. 鄉(xiāng)下的;鄉(xiāng)村的;農(nóng)村的 urban :bn adj. 城市的；城鎮(zhèn)的；都市的)60年前有一半法國人仍然生活在鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)。Sixty years ago half the French population still lived in rural areas.2. c a part of a room, building or particular space that is used for a special purpose(房間、建筑物、處所劃為某用途的)地方，場地，區(qū)e.g. 旅館接待處 the hotel reception area游戲場地；停車場 a play/parking area 3. c a particular place on an object (物體上的)區(qū)，部位：e.g. 你會(huì)注意到你的寶寶頭頂上有兩處柔軟的地方。You will notice that your baby has two soft areas on the top of his head.4. c (of sth.) a particular subject or activity, or an aspect of it 領(lǐng)域；方面：e.g. 健身俱樂部是近年來發(fā)展迅速的領(lǐng)域。The big growth area of recent years has been in health clubs.語言教學(xué)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展 developments in the area of language teaching5. c, u the amount of space covered by a flat surface or piece of land, described as a measurement 面積e.g. 三角形的面積the area of a triangle (trail n. 三角形)這個(gè)房間面積是12平方米。The room is 12 square metres in area.(square adj. 1. 正方形的；四方形的2. (用于數(shù)字后表示面積)平方)前花園的面積是多少？Whats the area of the front garden?4) sign n., v1. c, u (of sth) / (that) an event, an action, a fact, etc. that shows that sth. exists, is happening or may happen in the future跡象；征兆；預(yù)兆synonym: indication ,ndikein n. c, u (of sth/of doing sth / ( that) 表明；標(biāo)示；顯示；象征)e.g. 頭疼可能是緊張的跡象。Headaches may be a sign of stress.(n. 1. u, c 精神壓力；心理負(fù)擔(dān)；緊張 2. u, c (on sth.) 壓力) 哪兒都沒有約翰的影子。There is no sign of John anywhere.她的工作出現(xiàn)了一些改進(jìn)的跡象。Her work is showing some signs of improvement.2. c a piece of paper, wood or metal that has writing or a picture on it that gives you information, instructions, a warning, etc. 招牌;標(biāo)牌;指示牌;告示牌;標(biāo)志(writing n. 1. u 寫；書寫；寫作 2. u著作；文字作品；文章 3.(writings)pl. (某作家或?qū)ｎ}的)著作，作品 4. u (書寫或印刷的)文字 5. u筆跡；字跡；書法)e.g. 道路/交通標(biāo)志 a road/traffic sign 商店/酒吧招牌 a shop/pub sign 墻上的牌子上寫著“請洗手”。The sign on the wall said Now wash your hands.3. c a movement or sound that you make to tell sb. sth.示意的動(dòng)作(或聲音)；手勢e.g. 她點(diǎn)頭示意我們坐下。She nodded nd as a sign for us to sit down.4. c a mark used to represent ,reprizent sth. esp. in mathematics 符號(hào)；記號(hào)e.g. 加/減號(hào) a plus pls /minus mains sign 表示英鎊/美元的符號(hào) a pound/dollar sign IDM: a sign of the times something that you feel shows what things are like now, esp. how bad they are時(shí)代特征(含貶義)v.1. to write your name on a document, letter, etc. to show that you have written it, that you agree with what it says, or that it is genuine (denjuin adj. 1. 真的；名副其實(shí)的 2.真誠的；誠實(shí)的；可信賴的) 簽(名)，署(名)；簽字，簽署 e.g. v 請?jiān)谶@里簽名。Sign your name here, please. vn 這封信您還沒有署名。You havent signed the letter. 在協(xié)議/合同/支票上簽字 to sign a deal/contract/cheque (AmE check)2. to arrange for sb., for example a sports player or musician, to sign a contract agreeing to work for your company; to sign a contract agreeing to work for a company和簽約(或應(yīng)聘)：e.g. v 樂隊(duì)同維京唱片公司簽了約。The band signed with Virgin Records.(virgin adj. 1.ubn 未開發(fā)的；原始狀態(tài)的；天然的；未改變的；未觸動(dòng)的2. obn 處女的；貞潔的；童貞的) vn這個(gè)公司最近和一名新演員簽約。The company has just signed a new actor.3. (to sb.) (to do sth.) to make a request or tell sb. to do sth. by using a sign, esp. a hand movement 示意；打手勢：e.g. 旅館經(jīng)理示意行李工替我拿箱子。The hotel manager signed to the porter to pick up my case.(porter p:t n. 1. 行李員；搬運(yùn)工 2.(醫(yī)院里護(hù)送病人的)護(hù)工 3. 門衛(wèi))(pick sth. up 拿起；舉起；提起 )4. to use sign language to communicate with sb.打手勢語：e.g. vn 現(xiàn)在越來越多的戲劇配上了手勢語。An increasing number of plays are now being signed. v 為幫助她耳聾的孩子，她學(xué)會(huì)了手勢語。She learnt to sign to help her deaf child.Phr.v. 1. sign for sth. to sign a document to show that you have received sth. 簽收e.g. 有人已經(jīng)簽收了這個(gè)包裹。Someone has signed for the package.2. sign sth. away to give something up formally by signing a paper簽字放棄(某物)e.g. 他簽字放棄他在那筆財(cái)產(chǎn)中應(yīng)得的一份。He signed away his share in the property.3. sign in/out / sign sb. in/out to write your/sb.s name when you arrive at or leave an office, a club, etc. 簽到/退；替簽到/簽退e.g. 來客均需簽到。All visitors must sign in on arrival.客人離開俱樂部時(shí)，你必須為他們簽退。You must sign guests out when they leave the club.4. sign sth. over (to sb.) to give your rights or property to sb. else by signing a document簽字轉(zhuǎn)讓(權(quán)利或財(cái)產(chǎn))e.g. 她簽署了轉(zhuǎn)讓手續(xù)，把房子過到女兒名下。She has signed the house over to her daughter.5. sign up (for sth.) to arrange to do a course of study by adding your name to the list of people doing it 報(bào)名(參加課程)signature sinit n. 1.c 簽名；署名 2. u (formal) 簽名；署名；簽字；簽署signboard n. (商店、旅館等的)招牌，告示牌，廣告牌5) reminder rmand