Sauna桑拿浴Ceremonialbathinghasexistedforthousandsofyearsandhasmanyforms,oneofwhichisthesauna.TheFinnshaveperfectedthesteambath,orsauna,whichmaybetaken,usuallyinanenclosedroom,bypouringwateroverhotrocksorasdryheatbath.TheJapanese,Greeks,TurksandRussiansaswellasNativeAmericanshaveformsofthesweatbathintheirbathingrituals.DryheatandsteambathshadadvocatesinancientRomeandpre-ColumbianAmericansusedsweatlodges.儀式性的沐浴已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史，并且有各種形式，其中的一種就是桑拿浴。芬蘭人完善了蒸氣浴，也就是桑拿浴。它可以在一個封閉的房間里將水較在滾燙的石頭上，或是一種干熱浴。日本人、希臘人、土耳其人、俄國人以及美洲土著人在他們的沐浴傳統(tǒng)中都有發(fā)汗浴這一形式。用干熱浴發(fā)汗的方式在古羅馬很受歡迎，而哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲大陸前的美洲人則使用發(fā)汗小屋。Theearliestsaunaswereprobablyundergroundcavesheatedbyafirethatnaturallyfilledwithsmokeaschimneymakingwasunknownatthattime.afirekeptinafire-pitwouldheattherockwallsofthecave.Afterreachingfullheat,thesmokewasletoutofthecaveandthestoneswouldretainheatforseveralhours.Afewpeopletodaysaythatthesmokesauna,“svusauna”,istheonlytruesaunaexperienceandthatallsaunasshouldhaveatleastabackgroundodororsmoke.Todaymostsaunasuseelectricstoves,althoughgasandwood-burningstovesareavailable.最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在底下山洞里。由于當時還沒有掌握煙囪技術(shù)，山洞里總是充滿著火焰引起的濃煙。人們在火槽里生火，加熱山洞的四壁。當墻壁達到一定的溫度時，將濃煙排出洞外，這使得墻壁還能保持幾個小時的高溫。今天，有一些人認為有煙的桑拿浴，“煙熏桑拿”，才是真正的桑拿體驗，而所有的桑拿浴都應(yīng)該至少有煙熏或煙味兒的背景?，F(xiàn)在，盡管煤油爐和燒木頭的火爐仍然可以使用，大多數(shù)的桑拿浴都是電爐。Saunasarerelaxingandstressrelieving.Thosewithmuscleachesorarthritismayfindthattheheatrelaxesmusclesandrelievespainandinflammation.Asthmapatientsfindthattheheatenlargesairpassagewaysofthelungandfacilitatesbreathing.Saunasdonotcurethecommoncoldbuttheymayhelptoalleviatecongestionandspeedrecoverytime.Thebodyscoretemperatureusuallyrisesa1-2degreeswhileinthesauna,thusimitatingaslightfever.Theregularuseofasaunamaydecreasethelikelihoodofgettingacoldinthefirstplace.桑拿浴能使人放松并消除壓力。肌肉疼痛或關(guān)節(jié)炎都可以利用桑拿浴的熱氣減輕疼痛和炎癥。熱氣還可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加順暢。桑拿浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它可以減輕患者的胸悶感，加快康復(fù)的速度。在蒸桑拿時，人體溫度通常會上升12度，就像發(fā)低燒一樣的感覺。因此，蒸桑拿可以說是印證了一句老話：“傷風(fēng)時宜吃，發(fā)熱時宜餓?！倍ㄆ谡羯Ｄ每梢灶A(yù)防感冒的發(fā)生。Saunaisgoofforyourskinasthebloodflowtotheskinincreasesandsweatingoccurs.Adultssweatabout2lbsofwaterperhouronaverageinasauna.Agoodsweatremovesdirtandgrimefromporesandgivestheskinahealthyglow.Thelossinwaterweightistemporaryasthebodysphysiologicalmechanismswillquicklyrestorepropervolumes.Thecardiovascularsystemgetsworkoutastheheartmustpumpharderandfastertomovebloodtothesurfaceforheatexchange.Heartratemayincreasefrom72beatsperminuteonaverageto100-150beatsperminute.蒸桑拿對皮膚也有好處。它可以促進皮膚的血液循環(huán)和出汗。在這個工程中，成年人呢一般每小時要蒸發(fā)2磅的水。出汗可以清楚毛孔中的污垢，使皮膚變得光潔。失水只是暫時性的，人體機能能夠很快補充合適的水量。在熱氣交換的過程中，心臟跳動得更快，這就使心血管系統(tǒng)也得到了鍛煉。蒸桑拿浴時的心率能從原來的平均每分鐘72下增加到100150下。Anormalheartcanhandlethesestressesbutthosewithhearttroublewishingtobegintouseasaunashouldseekadoctorsadvice.Theelderlyandthosewithdiabetesshouldcheckwiththeirdoctorpriortobeginningtotakesaunas.Pregnantwomenshouldnottakesaunas,particularlyinthefirstthreemonths.Indeed,everyonejuststartingoutshouldtakeshortsessionsatfirsttobecomeaccustomedtothistypeofbath.。健康的心臟可以承受這種變化，而那些心臟患者在蒸桑拿浴之前應(yīng)該先征求醫(yī)生的建議。同樣的，老年人和糖尿病患者也應(yīng)如此。孕婦則不能蒸桑拿浴，尤其是在懷孕的頭三個月。其實，每個人在剛開始嘗試桑拿浴時都應(yīng)該先是短時間的，直到適應(yīng)了這種沐浴方式41.Ceremonialbathing儀式性的沐浴A.iscalledthesaunabyFinns.被芬蘭人稱作桑拿浴B.isequivalenttothesteambath.相當于蒸氣浴C.hasvariousforms.有不同的形式D.isheldinanenclosedroom.在密閉的房間里42.Whatisunderstoodbysomepeopletobethetruesaunaexperience?一些有桑拿浴經(jīng)驗的人知道了A.Saunasinundergroundcaves.桑拿浴在底下山洞里B.Saunaswithsmoke.桑拿浴有濃煙C.Saunasusingwoodburningstoves.桑拿浴需要用木材來燒爐子D.Saunasusingelectricstoves.桑拿浴用電爐子43.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,saunascandoallofthefollowingEXCEPT根據(jù)第三段，桑拿浴能做下面的所有除了A.reducingthechanceofgettingcold.減少變冷的機會B.speedingrecovery.加速恢復(fù)C.relievingstress.釋放壓力D.curingasthma.治療哮喘44.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,saunagivestheskinahealthyglowbecause根據(jù)第四段，桑拿浴給肌膚健康以光潔因為A.poresarecleanedbysweat.毛孔都被汗水清洗了B.waterislostbysweating.水分的流失是通過流汗C.bloodmovestothesurfaceforheatexchan