自考樂(lè)園 -心境隨緣，誠(chéng)與天下自考人共勉！ 自考樂(lè)園 -分享快樂(lè)，你的快樂(lè)老家！ 自考樂(lè)園 -引領(lǐng)成功，你的精神樂(lè)園！ 自 考樂(lè)園俱樂(lè)部，專注于自考，致力于成為全國(guó)最全，最優(yōu)的自考學(xué)習(xí)交流，資料共享平臺(tái) . 俱樂(lè)部名稱：自考樂(lè)園 ；俱樂(lè)部 id： 5346389（請(qǐng)牢記它哦 在百度貼吧的搜索框中輸入俱樂(lè)部 id，可以直接進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部）；俱樂(lè)部 url 地址： /club/5346389（您也可以通過(guò)此 url 進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部。） 1 英語(yǔ)二復(fù)習(xí)精要 UNIT 1 1、 word study objective,accompany,argue,define 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 objective a.錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 客觀的，真實(shí)的。 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 如實(shí)的，無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的。 We have to accept the objective reality as it is. 我們必須接受客觀事實(shí)。 The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgement. 文學(xué)批評(píng)家在分析和評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)應(yīng)盡量不偏不倚。 n.目標(biāo)，目的。 People work hard to carry out the economic objectives of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. 人們?yōu)榱藢?shí)現(xiàn)第九個(gè)五年規(guī)劃的經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)而努力工作。 My objective for the present is to pass the oral exam. 我目前的目標(biāo)是通過(guò)口試。 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 accompany vt./vi.1、伴隨，陪同； 2、為。伴奏 The singer was accompanied on the piano by his pupil. 演唱者由他的學(xué)生擔(dān)任鋼琴伴奏。 The lonely old man is accompanied by his dog. 這位孤獨(dú)的老人讓他的狗作伴。 All orders must be accompanied with cash. 所有的訂貨單必須隨附現(xiàn)金。 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 argue vt./vi.爭(zhēng)辯，爭(zhēng)論，辯論 作不及 物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，后邊可以接 with,about 或 over， for（贊成）或 against（反對(duì)）。 She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues. 她總喜歡為極小的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)論。 He often argues philosophy with James. 他常和詹姆斯討論哲學(xué)。 He argued for immediate action. 他主張立即行動(dòng)。 They argued against such a policy. 他們反對(duì)這種政策。 vt.1、說(shuō)服； 2、用辯論說(shuō)服 argue into（ out of） doing sth. 說(shuō)服某人做（不做）某事。 I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey. 我說(shuō)服他不做這樣危險(xiǎn)的旅行。 He argued that man was descended from apes. 他論證人類的祖先是猿。 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 define vt.1、解釋，給。下定義； 2、限定，規(guī)定。 自考樂(lè)園 -心境隨緣，誠(chéng)與天下自考人共勉！ 自考樂(lè)園 -分享快樂(lè)，你的快樂(lè)老家！ 自考樂(lè)園 -引領(lǐng)成功，你的精神樂(lè)園！ 自 考樂(lè)園俱樂(lè)部，專注于自考，致力于成為全國(guó)最全，最優(yōu)的自考學(xué)習(xí)交流，資料共享平臺(tái) . 俱樂(lè)部名稱：自考樂(lè)園 ；俱樂(lè)部 id： 5346389（請(qǐng)牢記它哦 在百度貼吧的搜索框中輸入俱樂(lè)部 id，可以直接進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部）；俱樂(lè)部 url 地址： /club/5346389（您也可以通過(guò)此 url 進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部。） 2 Work is defined as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force. 功的定義是力和力的著力點(diǎn)沿力的方向移動(dòng)的距離的乘積。 He has defined his position on the issues. 他已表明自己在這些問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)。 2、 ?？季湫?1、決策是在現(xiàn)有的可選做法中所做的選擇。 P1 A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2、管理者經(jīng)常必須對(duì)未來(lái)的情況下做出最佳的猜測(cè)，盡量不存僥幸。 P2 Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3、如果沒(méi)有選擇，就無(wú)決策可言。 P3 If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. 4、對(duì)于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律、慣例等待因素的制約。 P3 For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. 5、例如，管理者有時(shí)以非此即彼的方式來(lái)處理問(wèn)題。 P4 For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6、決策者們必須有辦法決定數(shù)個(gè)可選項(xiàng)中的哪一個(gè)是最好的 -哪一個(gè)對(duì)組織目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)起作用最大。 P6 Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is bestthat is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7、就更大的系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，增加研究經(jīng) 費(fèi)以便改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品，對(duì)該組織更有益。 P6 In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8、有些目標(biāo)比另一些目標(biāo)更重要，但其排序和重要性則因人和部門(mén)而異。 P7 Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department . 3、 習(xí)題 1.單詞英譯漢 goal, objective, accomplish, predict, accompany, implement, tendency, achievement, argue, budget, define, entity, 2.詞組英譯漢 in the way, in part, point of view, contribute to, to apply for, in hand, to turn down 3.句子英譯漢 與常考句型相同。 4.Text A 漢譯英 決策者應(yīng)該能夠?qū)?lái)作出最好的推測(cè)。 Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be. 有人認(rèn)為經(jīng)理們所作的一切均與決策有關(guān)。 Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision. 沒(méi)有正確的選擇就沒(méi)有正確的決定。 If there is no proper choice, there is no proper decision. 自考樂(lè)園 -心境隨緣，誠(chéng)與天下自考人共勉！ 自考樂(lè)園 -分享快樂(lè)，你的快樂(lè)老家！ 自考樂(lè)園 -引領(lǐng)成功，你的精神樂(lè)園！ 自 考樂(lè)園俱樂(lè)部，專注于自考，致力于成為全國(guó)最全，最優(yōu)的自考學(xué)習(xí)交流，資料共享平臺(tái) . 俱樂(lè)部名稱：自考樂(lè)園 ；俱樂(lè)部 id： 5346389（請(qǐng)牢記它哦 在百度貼吧的搜索框中輸入俱樂(lè)部 id，可以直接進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部）；俱樂(lè)部 url 地址： /club/5346389（您也可以通過(guò)此 url 進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部。） 3 不同的人對(duì)同樣的問(wèn)題有不同的看法，所以解決的辦法也不同。 Different people have different ideas about the same problem； their solutions to the problem are, therefore, also different. 決策者往往是公司業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。 Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company. Decision makers are usually key people who determine the companys business development. 4、歷年試題 1. Almost everything a manager does _ (involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making . (99.4)。 答案是 involves . 考點(diǎn) : involve 為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _(make). (99.4) 答案是 to be made 。考點(diǎn)： to be made 是動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾 decision. 3. If you are now_your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. (99.4) A. in B. at C. between D. among 答案是 A. 4. Almost everything a manager does_decisions； indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (00.4) A. imposes B. improvise C. involves D. indicates 答案為 C . 5. When_(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. 答案為 presented . 考點(diǎn)： present 是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 6. An organization is a group of people, and a decision_(make) today may have consequences far into the future. 答案是 made . 考點(diǎn)： make 是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)， 修飾 decision . 7. 漢譯英：通常管理者必須對(duì)未來(lái)的情況作出最 佳的預(yù)測(cè)。 答案： Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be. 自考樂(lè)園 -心境隨緣，誠(chéng)與天下自考人共勉！ 自考樂(lè)園 -分享快樂(lè)，你的快樂(lè)老家！ 自考樂(lè)園 -引領(lǐng)成功，你的精神樂(lè)園！ 自 考樂(lè)園俱樂(lè)部，專注于自考，致力于成為全國(guó)最全，最優(yōu)的自考學(xué)習(xí)交流，資料共享平臺(tái) . 俱樂(lè)部名稱：自考樂(lè)園 ；俱樂(lè)部 id： 5346389（請(qǐng)牢記它哦 在百度貼吧的搜索框中輸入俱樂(lè)部 id，可以直接進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部）；俱樂(lè)部 url 地址： /club/5346389（您也可以通過(guò)此 url 進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部。） 4 1. 決策的目的是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)組織的目標(biāo)。 答： The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals. 2. 決策過(guò)程對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理至關(guān)重要。 答： The decision-making process is fundamental to business management. 3. 經(jīng)理所做的任何事情幾乎都與決策有關(guān)。 答： Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making. 4. 雖然我們不能預(yù)見(jiàn)未來(lái)，但應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量減少偶然性發(fā)生。 答： Although we cannot predict the future, we must try t leave as little as possible to chance. 5. 不同的管理者對(duì)同一問(wèn)題的解釋不同。 答： Different manager define the same problem in different terms. UNIT 2 1、 word study exert,collapse,lauch,operate 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 exert vt.盡（力）；發(fā)揮（威力等）；施加（壓力等）；產(chǎn)生（影響等）；行使（職權(quán)等） He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal. 他已盡了全力以達(dá)到自己的目標(biāo)。 He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind. 他一直在施加種種壓力要我改變主意。 These principles exerted great influence upon the course of the revolution. 這些原則對(duì)革命進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 collapse n.1、倒塌，崩潰，瓦解； 2、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下 The storm caused the collapse of the wooden shelter. 暴風(fēng)雨使這個(gè)避風(fēng)雨的木棚倒塌了。 He suffered from a nervous collapse. 他的精神崩潰了。 The collapse of the government left the country in confusion. 政府的倒臺(tái)使全國(guó)陷入混亂之中。 vi.倒塌，崩潰 The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow. 自考樂(lè)園 -心境隨緣，誠(chéng)與天下自考人共勉！ 自考樂(lè)園 -分享快樂(lè)，你的快樂(lè)老家！ 自考樂(lè)園 -引領(lǐng)成功，你的精神樂(lè)園！ 自 考樂(lè)園俱樂(lè)部，專注于自考，致力于成為全國(guó)最全，最優(yōu)的自考學(xué)習(xí)交流，資料共享平臺(tái) . 俱樂(lè)部名稱：自考樂(lè)園 ；俱樂(lè)部 id： 5346389（請(qǐng)牢記它哦 在百度貼吧的搜索框中輸入俱樂(lè)部 id，可以直接進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部）；俱樂(lè)部 url 地址： /club/5346389（您也可以通過(guò)此 url 進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部。） 5 屋頂被雪壓塌了。 The negotiations collapsed after several meetings. 會(huì)談了幾次之后，談判破裂了。 In the last weeks of the war she collapsed from long imprisonment. 在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最后幾個(gè)星期里她的身體因長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)禁而垮掉了。 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 lauch vt 1、發(fā)射，投射； 2、使（船）下水 The satellite was launched in a rocket. 這顆衛(wèi)星是由火箭發(fā)射的。 The hunter launched a spear at the wolf. 獵人把矛向狼擲去。 A new ship has been successfully launched. 一條新船已成功地下水。 vt ./vi.發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起（運(yùn)動(dòng)等） launch out into 開(kāi)始，著手進(jìn)行 Our army launched an attack on the enemy. 我們的軍隊(duì)向敵人發(fā)起猛攻。 The police launched an investigation into the case. 警察對(duì)此案開(kāi)展了調(diào)查。 The research group launched out into a series of new experiment. 研究小組著手進(jìn)行了一系列新的實(shí)驗(yàn)。 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 operate vi. 1、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，起作用； 2、動(dòng)手術(shù)（ on,upon） The elevator operates smoothly. 電梯運(yùn)行順利。 The medicine gradually operated. 藥物逐漸奏效了。 The doctor operated on the neck of the patient. 醫(yī)生給病人的頸部動(dòng)手術(shù)。 vt.1、操作，操縱，經(jīng)營(yíng)； 2、對(duì)。動(dòng)手術(shù) This airline operates five main lines and dozens of branch lines. 這家航空公司經(jīng)營(yíng)五條主干線和十幾條支線。 Do you know how to operate the machine? 你知道怎么開(kāi)這臺(tái)機(jī)器嗎？ The doctor operated the patient on the neck. 醫(yī)生給病人的頸部動(dòng)手術(shù)。 He was operated on for lung cancer. 他因肺癌動(dòng)了手術(shù)。 2、常考句型 1、天文學(xué)家和科學(xué)家認(rèn)為黑洞是一種空間區(qū)，物質(zhì)可以掉進(jìn)黑洞但任何物質(zhì)不能逃脫。 P1 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 自考樂(lè)園 -心境隨緣，誠(chéng)與天下自考人共勉！ 自考樂(lè)園 -分享快樂(lè)，你的快樂(lè)老家！ 自考樂(lè)園 -引領(lǐng)成功，你的精神樂(lè)園！ 自 考樂(lè)園俱樂(lè)部，專注于自考，致力于成為全國(guó)最全，最優(yōu)的自考學(xué)習(xí)交流，資料共享平臺(tái) . 俱樂(lè)部名稱：自考樂(lè)園 ；俱樂(lè)部 id： 5346389（請(qǐng)牢記它哦 在百度貼吧的搜索框中輸入俱樂(lè)部 id，可以直接進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部）；俱樂(lè)部 url 地址： /club/5346389（您也可以通過(guò)此 url 進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部。） 6 2、理論上是這樣的：當(dāng)某些星體的密度增大到某一特定點(diǎn)時(shí)便發(fā)生爆炸。 P2 The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3、有人認(rèn)為圣誕星可能是一顆超新星。 P2 Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4、假定一個(gè)人掉進(jìn)黑洞，他會(huì)認(rèn)為很快就能到達(dá)黑洞中心。 P3 If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5、只是在近幾年天文學(xué)家才開(kāi)始具體研究黑洞。 P3 It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6、另一方面，科學(xué)家們也在設(shè)想，由于有非常先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，人們也許能在將來(lái)利用黑洞為人類服務(wù)。 P5 On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 3、習(xí)題 Unit 2 練習(xí) ： 1.詞匯英譯漢： escape, explode, collapse, shrink, gravity, measurement, basis, launch, convincing, companion, speculation, swallow, operate, to make use of, a great many, above all 2.句子英譯漢： 1) 6) 與?？季湫拖嗤?。 7) There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. 8) They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time. 3 句子漢譯英 黑洞是什么，天文學(xué)家還沒(méi)有完全解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is. 據(jù)說(shuō)黑洞可以將其周?chē)囊磺形矬w，如星星吞食掉。 It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them, such as stars . 對(duì)黑洞的研究剛剛開(kāi)始，各種各樣的假說(shuō)層出不窮。 The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless. 科學(xué)家仍不能說(shuō)出黑洞內(nèi)發(fā)生了什么。 Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole. It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole. 如果我們認(rèn)識(shí)了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。 If we understood black holes, they would not be so fearful . Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them. 單元課后練習(xí) .Word Spelling 1.密度 n. density _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩潰 v. collapse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3.邊界線，邊界 n. boundary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4.永恒的，經(jīng)久不變的 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù) n.b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 自考樂(lè)園 -心境隨緣，誠(chéng)與天下自考人共勉！ 自考樂(lè)園 -分享快樂(lè)，你的快樂(lè)老家！ 自考樂(lè)園 -引領(lǐng)成功，你的精神樂(lè)園！ 自 考樂(lè)園俱樂(lè)部，專注于自考，致力于成為全國(guó)最全，最優(yōu)的自考學(xué)習(xí)交流，資料共享平臺(tái) . 俱樂(lè)部名稱：自考樂(lè)園 ；俱樂(lè)部 id： 5346389（請(qǐng)牢記它哦 在百度貼吧的搜索框中輸入俱樂(lè)部 id，可以直接進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部）；俱樂(lè)部 url 地址： /club/5346389（您也可以通過(guò)此 url 進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部。） 7 6.發(fā)射，發(fā)動(dòng) v.l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7.雙胞胎之一 a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8.同伴，同事 n.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9.人類 n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10.推測(cè)，猜測(cè) n.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11.吞 v.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12.不充分的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13.物質(zhì) n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14.情況，環(huán)境 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn) v.o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16.強(qiáng)烈的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17.證據(jù) n.e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18.看不見(jiàn)的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19.宇航員 n.a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20.熱帶的 a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .Word Form 1.Supernovae_(report) by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. 2.Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still_(have) the same mass, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. 3.If one_(make) a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow. 4.And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars_(believe) to be black holes. 5.Matter from the one which we can see_(pull) towards the companion star. 6.There might be a massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy_(swallow) up stars at a very rapid rate. 7.The most_(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. 8.They show us a world which operates in a _(total) different way from our own. 9.The surface of some areas_(consist) largely of high mountains and deep valleys. 10.Our world is the home of a very great many different people-peoples with different_(colour) skins. .Vocabulary and Structure 1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)_which matter has fallen and_which nothing can escape-not even light. A into into B into from C from into D from from 2.This process of shrinking may be so intense_a black hole results. A whether B what C which D that 3.Binary stars,_their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. A as B that C what D if 4.In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a partner to_which we can see in the sky. A the one B that C the ones D those 自考樂(lè)園 -心境隨緣，誠(chéng)與天下自考人共勉！ 自考樂(lè)園 -分享快樂(lè)，你的快樂(lè)老家！ 自考樂(lè)園 -引領(lǐng)成功，你的精神樂(lè)園！ 自 考樂(lè)園俱樂(lè)部，專注于自考，致力于成為全國(guó)最全，最優(yōu)的自考學(xué)習(xí)交流，資料共享平臺(tái) . 俱樂(lè)部名稱：自考樂(lè)園 ；俱樂(lè)部 id： 5346389（請(qǐng)牢記它哦 在百度貼吧的搜索框中輸入俱樂(lè)部 id，可以直接進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部）；俱樂(lè)部 url 地址： /club/5346389（您也可以通過(guò)此 url 進(jìn)入俱樂(lè)部。） 8 5.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day_the energy of black holes for mankind. A make fun of B make sure of C make use of D make sense of 6.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as_. A companies B comparisons C compounds D companions 7.The earth is one of nine planets which move in_round the sun. A track B orbit C tour D route 8.In August 1977, a satellite was_to gather data about the black holes in the Milky way. A posted B delivered C launched D transmitted 9.The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are_here. A inadequate B invisible C intense D individual 10.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary, But_,matter must behave very differently inside the hole. A in addition B in person C in detail D in theory .C-E Translation 1.這個(gè)收縮的過(guò)程如此強(qiáng)烈，以至于黑洞產(chǎn)生了。 2.直到最近天文學(xué)家們才開(kāi)始研究黑洞。 3.但是從理論上說(shuō)，物質(zhì)在黑洞里的行為一定非常不同。 4.黑洞最強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)來(lái)自對(duì)雙星系的研究。 5.有一天也許人類也會(huì)遭此命運(yùn)。 單元自測(cè)答案 Unit 2 .Word Spelling 1.density 2.collapse 3.boundary 4.constant 5.basis 6.launch 7.twin 8.companion 9.mankind 10.speculation 11.swallow 12.inadequate 13.matter 14.circumstance 15.occur 16.intense 17.evidence 18.invisible 19.astronaut 20.tropical .Word Form 1.were reported 2.having 3