篇章結(jié)構(gòu)體裁 說(shuō)明文主題 澳大利亞的體育成就結(jié)構(gòu) A段：澳大利亞體育成績(jī)斐然 B段：科技是第一生產(chǎn)力C段：精確測(cè)量和數(shù)據(jù)分析 D段：精確測(cè)量和數(shù)據(jù)分析的實(shí)例E段：數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用 F段：不可復(fù)制的成功必背詞匯A段fair adj.合理的pro n.職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員demolish v.擊??；破壞，毀壞 under the eye of 在的注意下rival n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，對(duì)手 body n.團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)seeming adj.表面上的(通常事實(shí)并非如此) finance v.給提供經(jīng)費(fèi)ease n.不費(fèi)力，輕松 excellence n.優(yōu)秀，卓越extensive adj.廣泛的，涉及面廣的 intensive adj.強(qiáng)化的underpin v.以為穩(wěn)固基礎(chǔ) nutritional adj.營(yíng)養(yǎng)的B段centre stage 中心地位 squash n.壁球collaborate v.合作 instrument n.儀器，器械golfer n.打高爾夫球的人 ethereal adj.飄渺的，引申為不切實(shí)際的C段come down to(sth.)可歸結(jié)為 wire-frame adj.線框的second-by-second 每秒的 slice v.劃開(kāi)；切開(kāi)output n.輸出 slow motion 慢動(dòng)作wringout of 原義為扭，榨取，此處引申為從中(經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得 side-on 從側(cè)面stroke n.劃動(dòng)，劃水tweak v.扭，用力拉 spine n.脊柱world-beating adj.舉世矚目的 swivel v.旋轉(zhuǎn)prototype n.原型 biomechanical adj.生物力(學(xué))的profile n.原義為輪廓、外形，此處意為模型 velocity n.速度，速率lap n.一圈budding adj.發(fā)展中的 spit out 原義是吐出，此處引申為顯示出、分析出frame n.幀，畫(huà)面D段turn time 轉(zhuǎn)身時(shí)間 immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白u(yù)nobtrusive adj.不顯眼的，不醒目的 present adj.存在的sensor n.傳感器 saliva n.唾液embed v.使插入；使嵌入 ease v.減輕，減弱sweat v.出汗，發(fā)汗 remarkably adv.顯著地，引人注目地；非常地experimentation n.實(shí)驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)immune-system 免疫系統(tǒng)的E段complex adj.復(fù)雜的 transform v.轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變，改變championship n.冠軍賽 arguably adv.可論證地(可辯論地)，有理由說(shuō)地gear v.調(diào)整，(使)適合segment n.部分F段unveil v.展示(新產(chǎn)品)；揭開(kāi) altitude tent 高原帳篷coolant-lined 流線型散熱 replicate v.復(fù)制endurance n.耐力；忍耐力 encompass v.包含或包括某事物slice v.減少，降低難句解析1. A lot of their work comes down to measurementeverything from the exact angle of a swimmers dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist.參考譯文：許多工作都涉及具體測(cè)量，測(cè)量?jī)?nèi)容包括從游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員潛水的精確角度到自行車運(yùn)動(dòng)員每秒功率輸出的所有數(shù)據(jù)。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：come down to：歸結(jié)為；涉及If a complicated situation or problem comes down to something, that is the single most important thingIt all comes down to money in the end.歸根到底，一切都是因?yàn)殄X。2. No gain is too slight to bother with.參考譯文：無(wú)論多么微小的收獲都值得為之努力。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：(1)tooto的用法：表示否定的含義，譯為“太以致于不能”。本句話雖然短，卻因?yàn)橛衝o否定詞和tooto句型而出現(xiàn)了肯定的意思，因此要格外注意?？梢愿鶕?jù)“負(fù)負(fù)得正”的原則直接將原句翻譯成肯定的意思，便于理解。(2)gain n.獲得 C an advantage or improvement, especially one achieved by planning or effort U&C an increase in the amount or level of something U financial profit, especially when this seems to be the only thing someone is interested in The party made considerable gains at local elections.該黨派在地方選舉中獲得許多利益。(3) bother v. 努力做: to make the effort to do something (not) bother to do somethingHe didnt bother to answer the question. (not) bother about/withHe didnt bother with a reply. (not) bother doing somethingMany young people didnt bother voting.dont/didnt/wont etc. bother Do you want me to wait for you? No, dont bother.Why bother to go abroad when there are so many nice places here?3. You design the model to make that time A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.參考譯文：人們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)一種模式以達(dá)到預(yù)期的速度，該模式規(guī)定了出發(fā)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短、每次劃水的速率、一定的劃頻和劃距、轉(zhuǎn)身所需的時(shí)間等等。注意：代詞this和that，these等所指代的東西，需要通過(guò)上下文理解掌握。本句話中代詞指的是“競(jìng)賽模式”下所預(yù)期的時(shí)間、速度等。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：(1)stroke(劃船，游泳等)一劃butterfly stroke蝶泳sidestroke側(cè)泳breaststroke蛙泳backstroke仰泳(2) frequency 頻 率 the number of times that something happens within a particular period of time or within a particular group of people frequency ofthe frequency of serious road accidents重大道路交通事故的發(fā)生頻率 the high/low frequency (of something)高/低頻率the higher frequency of diabetes in older people老年人中的糖尿病高發(fā)頻率Side effects from prescribed drugs are being reported with increasing frequency.處方藥的副作用遭到越來(lái)越多的報(bào)道。試題解析Questions 1-7題目類型：MATCHING題目解析： 第1題定位詞：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：B段：and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports題干中講到不同體育領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識(shí)交流正好跟原文中跨不同體育專家之間的合作相對(duì)應(yīng)，理解意思即可容易找到正確答案。第2題定位詞：visual imaging/3D, image文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：C段:shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers./It collects images from digital cameras通過(guò)題干中的視頻成像可以很容易找到原文中對(duì)應(yīng)的3D和成像。第3題定位詞：a reason for narrowing/cant waste time文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：B段：We cant waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that dont help the coach work with an athlete需要細(xì)讀原文，發(fā)現(xiàn)此句話所要表達(dá)的意思是不在一些飄渺的、不切實(shí)際的科學(xué)問(wèn)題上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，也就是說(shuō)要縮小研究的范圍。此處不容易找到對(duì)應(yīng)，需要對(duì)于句子和題目的準(zhǔn)確理解。TIPS：還可以通過(guò)題目中的research activity研究活動(dòng)和原文中的scientific questions科學(xué)問(wèn)題確認(rèn)所定位的位置。第4題定位詞：AIS ideas reproduce/copying文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：F段：Of course，theres nothing to stop other countries copying找到AIS ideas定位到最后一段，題干中的reproduce是復(fù)制的意思，之后從文章中發(fā)現(xiàn)句子有復(fù)制copying，即可以直接定位。第5題定位詞：Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：D段：to monitor heart rate，sweating，heat production or any other fact or that might have an impact on an athletes ability to run.題干提到理想成績(jī)的障礙是如何被調(diào)查研究的，而讀到對(duì)應(yīng)句子之后看到正好是sensors(傳感器)對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員跑步的impact(影響)進(jìn)行研究的儀器，而且obstacles和impact對(duì)應(yīng)。第6題定位詞：Overview, funded support/finance文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：A段：finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women.finances是解題關(guān)鍵，意思為資助，正好跟題干中funded support表達(dá)了相同的義項(xiàng)，直接對(duì)應(yīng)。而且之后一句話提及以上項(xiàng)目所提供的服務(wù)和建議，可以確信答案。TIPS：看到overview就從文章開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾去找。第7題定位詞：Calculated before an event/using data，well before a championship文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：F段：Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, 首先通過(guò)well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到F段，之后發(fā)現(xiàn)后面提及的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)模型”作用就是計(jì)算時(shí)間和速率，因此內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)上calculate，此時(shí)可斷定答案的位置。TIPS：這是一道典型的段落搭配相關(guān)信息型MATCHING題目。有效的解題方法是：1.瀏覽所有信息，找出關(guān)鍵字。2.精讀各段首末句，泛讀其他語(yǔ)句。3.對(duì)應(yīng)相關(guān)信息。建議各位考生先做完這種題目，再完成其他題目。Questions 8-11題目類型：分類題，Classify屬于配對(duì)題。題目解析：此類題首先分析類別之間的不同，之后在文章中找到對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)。題目類別的不同點(diǎn)：不難看出，三個(gè)類別中，A和B分為一類，A和C分為一類。進(jìn)行對(duì)比。第8題答案：A文章對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：C段，SWAN system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras.解析：digital cameras是對(duì)應(yīng)詞。而前一句已經(jīng)提到該系統(tǒng)已廣泛應(yīng)用于澳大利亞各項(xiàng)全國(guó)賽事之中，而沒(méi)有提到其他國(guó)家，因此可以判斷應(yīng)該只有澳大利亞人在使用。第9題答案：B文章對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：D段，With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology inMelbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athletes clothes解析：找到相同對(duì)應(yīng)詞sensor，讀其前后的句子，發(fā)現(xiàn)有Melbourne，斷定是澳大利亞人的發(fā)明。之后要特別留心動(dòng)詞develop運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示正在開(kāi)發(fā)；而且注意之后的定語(yǔ)從句采用了將來(lái)時(shí)，所以可以斷定此發(fā)明還沒(méi)有完成，應(yīng)該屬于將來(lái)的成果。因此選擇B。第10題答案：A文章對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：D段：AIS and the University ofNewcastle in New South Walesdeveloped a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A/Since the tests were introduced，AIS athletes in all sports have been解析：非常容易在前面第一句話中找到跟題目protein tests所對(duì)應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ)a testprotein。之后細(xì)讀前后句，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面一句話對(duì)于此項(xiàng)科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS運(yùn)動(dòng)員，即澳大利亞體育學(xué)院的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，隸屬于澳大利亞，所以應(yīng)該選擇A。第11題答案：C文章對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：F段：The same has happened to the altitude tent，developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level.解析：文章中很容易找到用引號(hào)括起來(lái)的題目中的名詞短語(yǔ)，因此只要細(xì)心讀原句，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)開(kāi)頭的The same has happened同樣的事情也發(fā)生在根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)應(yīng)該順著文章向上追溯，發(fā)現(xiàn)跟altitude tent相同情況的是1996年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上澳大利亞人受益的流線型散熱運(yùn)動(dòng)服現(xiàn)在全世界都在用。因此altitude tent也被世界各國(guó)應(yīng)用。所以答案應(yīng)該選擇C。且根據(jù)此段話大意可以了解文章只提到兩種研究成果被別國(guó)運(yùn)用，即高原帳篷和流線型散熱服。所以可以間接判斷前三項(xiàng)成果是由澳大利人獨(dú)享的。Questions 12-13題目類型：?jiǎn)柎痤}Answer questions屬于主觀題。題目解析：首先根據(jù)題目位置判斷所對(duì)應(yīng)的段落應(yīng)該在文章的后半部分，然后開(kāi)始找到對(duì)應(yīng)詞。需要特別注意題目要求是從文章中找到詞語(yǔ)或數(shù)字答題，因此不能自己編寫(xiě)答案。第12題對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing解析：Help an athlete plan their performance對(duì)應(yīng)上prepare the athlete by之后，要認(rèn)真研究題目所問(wèn)的是what is produced，斷定所作答案必定要填一個(gè)名詞。因此要細(xì)讀原文發(fā)現(xiàn)有單詞developing恰與produced相對(duì)應(yīng)，中文意思是“開(kāi)發(fā)”，則答案必定是開(kāi)發(fā)之后的名詞。TIPS：注意帶引號(hào)的內(nèi)容都含有比較重要的信息。正確答案為(a)competition model第13題對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：1996 Olympic Games, cyclists, improve解析：1996 Olympic Games是一個(gè)很好的定位詞。定好位后要認(rèn)真研究題目。分析問(wèn)句是By how muchimprove，意思為“提高了多少”，可以判斷出答案需要寫(xiě)一個(gè)數(shù)字。因此仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)語(yǔ)句找到sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists and rowers times.很快就可以找到數(shù)字百分之二。TIPS：注意文章的題目要求是填寫(xiě)一個(gè)數(shù)字而非一個(gè)名詞，很多考生因?yàn)檎业?996而盲目地填上成果的名稱“coolant-lined jackets”，實(shí)在是遺憾。因此，語(yǔ)法分析是本題解題的關(guān)鍵。正確答案是(by)2 per cent/題目見(jiàn)劍橋雅思6，第一套試題，閱讀部分Passage2。劍6Test1閱讀Passage2真題解析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)體裁：說(shuō)明文主題：貨物運(yùn)輸結(jié)構(gòu) ：A段：概括國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展和擴(kuò)張B段：簡(jiǎn)述國(guó)際貿(mào)易飛速發(fā)展的原因C段：20世紀(jì)之交的貨物運(yùn)送情況D段：貿(mào)易運(yùn)輸貨物類型以及與運(yùn)輸關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)變E段：舉硬盤之例說(shuō)明貨物運(yùn)送類型的轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)貿(mào)易的影響F段：信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的貨物運(yùn)送情況G段：科技創(chuàng)新技術(shù)對(duì)于船運(yùn)貨物的影響H段：陸運(yùn)貨物的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步I段：貨物運(yùn)送產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展前景必背詞匯A段oweto 把歸功于 pace n.速度，步調(diào)freight n.船貨，貨運(yùn)；運(yùn)費(fèi) compound adj.復(fù)合的startling adj.令人吃驚的 tempt v.吸引B段explosion n.原意為爆發(fā)，此處意為突增 boom n.繁榮decline v.降低，減少 theoretically adv.理論上地barrier n.屏障，障礙 shipping cost 運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用customs duty 關(guān)稅 assume v.假定，設(shè)想import n./v.進(jìn)口 friction n.摩擦；矛盾quota n.配額 delay v.延遲，推遲minor adj.次要的，較小的，二流的 tie up 占用(資金等)export n./v.出口 capital n.資金，資產(chǎn)C段sector n.部門 iron ore 鐵礦石account for (在數(shù)量方面)占，占據(jù) process v.加工，處理dominate v.支配；占優(yōu)勢(shì) commodity n.商品raw adj.生的；未加工的 bulky adj.龐大的D段disproportionately adv.不成比例地，不相稱地 lightweight adj.輕的(重量輕的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)重以下的)shift v.改變，移轉(zhuǎn)unrelated to 無(wú)關(guān)的，不相關(guān)的 component n.成分flow n.流程E段disk drive 磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器 domestic adj.國(guó)內(nèi)的concentrate v.集中，專心于 poseto 給制造(問(wèn)題，困難等)purchase v.購(gòu)買 globalization n.全球化F段transmit v.傳輸，轉(zhuǎn)送 based on 基于，作為的基礎(chǔ)cargo handling 貨物裝卸 consideration n.需要考慮的因素insignificant adj.無(wú)關(guān)緊要的，可忽略的 availability n.可用性，有效性G段deregulation n.撤消管制規(guī)定 stage n.發(fā)展的進(jìn)程，階段behind the scenes 在幕后 risk v.冒的危險(xiǎn)innovation n.改革，創(chuàng)新 crane n.起重機(jī)broadly adv.廣泛地 capsize v.(特指船)傾覆containerisation n.集裝箱化 adoption n.采用intermodal adj.聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸?shù)?dual purpose 兩用，雙重任務(wù)transportation n.運(yùn)輸 loose adj.散裝的swift adj.迅速的，快的 deck n.甲板productivity n.生產(chǎn)力，生產(chǎn)率 vessel n.船H段intensely adv.激烈地 haul v.拖運(yùn)dock n.碼頭，船塢 dramatically adv.引人注目地，顯著地by and large 總的來(lái)說(shuō)(從各方面來(lái)看，大體上，基本上，全面地) trackage n.鐵路軌道線路locomotive n.火車頭，機(jī)關(guān)車tariff n.關(guān)稅 albeit conj.雖然(即使)restriction n.限制，約束I段state adj.國(guó)家的 monopoly n.壟斷toleration n.容忍，容許 deter v.阻止anti-competitive practice 反競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為難句解析1. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nations borders.參考譯文：外國(guó)產(chǎn)品幾乎在各國(guó)市場(chǎng)中都扮演著愈加重要的角色，產(chǎn)品范圍廣及肉類制品到機(jī)械設(shè)備，國(guó)外市場(chǎng)也正在吸引著那些從來(lái)不曾關(guān)心其商品在國(guó)外銷路的企業(yè)。注：此句話是復(fù)合句，包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。that后面是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾businesses。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：(1)play a role：起作用Genetics clearly play a role.遺傳學(xué)顯然同這種病有關(guān)。(2) tempt：引誘 to try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractiveHe was tempted into making a false step.他被引誘而做了一件傻事。(3) beyond: 超過(guò) on or to the further side of somethingBeyond the fiver, cattle were grazing.越過(guò)河水，牛在吃草。2. Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages.參考譯文：廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力可以使中國(guó)的紡織品在美國(guó)市場(chǎng)上極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，而一旦貨運(yùn)的延遲占用了流動(dòng)資金，并導(dǎo)致冬大衣直至來(lái)春才運(yùn)達(dá)目的地，那么這筆交易將會(huì)失去其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。注：此復(fù)合句中包含有兩層關(guān)系，第一層是but所表示的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而第二層是由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系包含著條件關(guān)系，因此要分清主次。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：(1)delay：延誤to make someone or something latea. delay something until somethingThe opening of this section of the road is delayed until September.道路項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)始時(shí)間被推遲到九月。b. delay something for somethingOur meeting was delayed for ten minutes.我們的會(huì)議被推遲了十分鐘。c. delay doing somethingBig companies often delay paying their bills.大公司經(jīng)常拖欠交納各項(xiàng)賬單。(2)capital：資產(chǎn)money or property, especially when it is used to start a business or to produce more wealth The government is eager to attract foreign capital.政府期望吸引外資。3. Computer software can be exported without ever loading it onto a ship, simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another, so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product.參考譯文：計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的“出口”甚至不需要裝運(yùn)，而僅僅通過(guò)電話線就可以在各國(guó)之間傳輸。因此，在選定制造地點(diǎn)時(shí)，貨運(yùn)費(fèi)用和貨物裝卸表已成為無(wú)關(guān)緊要的因素。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：(1)export：出口 to sell goods to another country；反import：進(jìn)口The company exports tuna to the US.公司向美國(guó)出口吞拿魚(yú)。(2)transmit v.傳輸，轉(zhuǎn)送a. to send out electronic signals, messages etc. using radio, television, or other similar equipmentThe US Open will be transmitted live via satellite.美國(guó)網(wǎng)球公開(kāi)賽將通過(guò)衛(wèi)星進(jìn)行直播。The system transmits information over digital phone lines.系統(tǒng)通過(guò)數(shù)字電話線傳輸信息。b. transmit something (from somebody/something) to somebody/somethingMathematical knowledge is transmitted from teacher to student.數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)通過(guò)老師傳授給學(xué)生。(3) insignificant: 無(wú)關(guān)緊要的too small or unimportant to consider or worry aboutYou will realize that your problems are insignificant in comparison.通過(guò)比較你會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)你的問(wèn)題顯得微不足道。試題解析Questions 14-17題目類型：MATCHING題目解析：第14題定位詞：suggestion, in the future/would help文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：I段：Bringing these barriers down would help the worlds economies grow even closer.首先看到題干中有明確的時(shí)間詞“在未來(lái)”。根據(jù)段意，可以判定應(yīng)該是文章的最后一段。之后看題干中的定位詞suggestion表示建議，在文章結(jié)尾部分的最后一句話，可以清楚地找到它是作者對(duì)于提高貿(mào)易的一個(gè)建議，完全對(duì)應(yīng)。另外還可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)法，suggest當(dāng)“建議”講的時(shí)候后面的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而would help正好符合。綜上，答案為I段。第15題定位詞：electronic delivery/transmittingover telephone文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：F段：simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another.題干中提到電子式的傳遞，很容易跟文章關(guān)于信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的F段掛鉤，之后再細(xì)讀本段第二句話就可以找到與題干相對(duì)應(yīng)的transmittingover telephone。因此，答案是F段。第16題定位詞：similar cost Abroad, local/Singapore, domestic文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：E段：manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market.首先必須弄懂題干的意思，題干是說(shuō)“無(wú)論是國(guó)際還是國(guó)內(nèi)的，在運(yùn)輸貨物環(huán)節(jié)的相近成本?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)國(guó)內(nèi)的運(yùn)輸和國(guó)際的運(yùn)輸成本基本相同，間接表明國(guó)際運(yùn)輸成本比較低。而文章中此句話的意思是“即使從新加坡進(jìn)口磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器而不是在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)購(gòu)買，日本或美國(guó)得克薩斯州的計(jì)算機(jī)制造商們也不會(huì)面對(duì)花費(fèi)高出很多的運(yùn)費(fèi)賬單”。可以看出制造商們不用花費(fèi)很高的運(yùn)費(fèi)，正好跟題干相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此應(yīng)該選擇E段。第17題定位詞：Weakening relationship, value of goods, cost of delivery/ unrelated to文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：D段:world output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight.首先可以通過(guò)題干判斷出描述的問(wèn)題是商品價(jià)值和運(yùn)輸成本的關(guān)系，因此根據(jù)段落大意，可以先猜測(cè)性判斷應(yīng)該和文章第四段對(duì)應(yīng)。之后細(xì)讀第四段，發(fā)現(xiàn)有很明顯的對(duì)應(yīng)。題干的weakening relationship(弱化的關(guān)系)，跟文章unrelated to(不相關(guān)的)表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思。因此可以很迅速地找到對(duì)應(yīng)答案。Questions 18-22題目類型：True/False/Not Given題目解析：第18題定位詞：international trade，world economy解題關(guān)鍵字：at a greater rate文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：A段：global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3a year，the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that.非常明顯，twice是題眼，表示trade是global economy的兩倍，所以看出國(guó)際貿(mào)易要比世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)快很多，正好對(duì)應(yīng)上定位詞和題干。答案：TRUE第19題定位詞：cheap labour解題關(guān)鍵字：guarantee，effective/but文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：B段：Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America，but if delays in shipmenttrade may lose its advantages.此題找到對(duì)應(yīng)段落，正好cheap labour用詞一樣。之后文章盡管說(shuō)廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力使得中國(guó)紡織品在美國(guó)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，但要注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，它使意思發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。后面的句子可以看出，如果沒(méi)有好的、及時(shí)的運(yùn)輸，那么貿(mào)易也就失去了優(yōu)勢(shì)(lose advantages)。因此正好是駁斥了題干中關(guān)于廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力對(duì)于貿(mào)易的保證關(guān)系，因此題干與文章的意思不相符。答案：FALSE第20題定位詞：Japan，F(xiàn)rance解題關(guān)鍵字：Import more meat and steel文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：C段:agriculture and manufacturing were the two most important sectors almost everywhere，accounting for about 70of total output in Germany，Italy and France，and 40-50in America，Britain and Japan.題干很明顯對(duì)于日本和法國(guó)的肉類和鋼鐵的進(jìn)口量進(jìn)行比較。文章中C段正好有對(duì)應(yīng)的法國(guó)和日本。但文章原義是“農(nóng)業(yè)和制造業(yè)幾乎曾是各地最重要的兩大行業(yè)，其比重占德國(guó)、意大利和法國(guó)總產(chǎn)量的約70，以及美國(guó)、英國(guó)和日本總產(chǎn)量的4050?！碧岬椒▏?guó)比日本多的是農(nóng)業(yè)和制造業(yè)的總產(chǎn)量，可文中并沒(méi)有提及關(guān)于肉類和鋼鐵的進(jìn)口問(wèn)題。此題是典型的題不對(duì)文，因此應(yīng)該選擇NOT GIVEN。答案：NOT GIVEN第21題定位詞：trade with nearby nations解題關(guān)鍵字：most countries文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：D段：Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbours.譯文是“各國(guó)仍然將重點(diǎn)放在與鄰國(guó)的貿(mào)易往來(lái)上”。其中g(shù)eographic neighbours與nearby nations對(duì)應(yīng)，still和continue也對(duì)應(yīng)。句子意思也跟題干意思完全吻合，因此此題應(yīng)該選擇TRUE。TIPS：特別需要注意，因?yàn)榇祟}中含有most這一詞語(yǔ)，容易誤導(dǎo)考生把題干看成是絕對(duì)題型而誤選成FALSE。對(duì)于一般性題目不應(yīng)該急于運(yùn)用技巧。答案：TRUE第22題定位詞：small computer components解題關(guān)鍵字：manufactured in Germany文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：E段：Most ofthe worlds disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia.首先確定小的電腦零件只能在E和F段來(lái)找，而根據(jù)E段提供的信息，大部分的電腦配件之一硬盤都在東南亞生產(chǎn)。而并沒(méi)有提到電腦零件在德國(guó)生產(chǎn)，因此文章中沒(méi)有提及，既不肯定也不否定在德國(guó)生產(chǎn)小的電腦零件。答案：NOT GIVENQuestions 23-26題目類型：Summary題目解析：第23題定位詞：significant effect on, business of moving freight, increasingly streamlined文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：E段：To see how this influences trade題目解析：根據(jù)題干譯文“現(xiàn)代貨物裝卸方法的影響”，可以判斷出答案應(yīng)該是一個(gè)比較抽象的概括性名詞。之后找到E段開(kāi)頭句To see how this influences trade，可以知道是承接上一段貨物類型轉(zhuǎn)變與運(yùn)輸關(guān)系的。因此跟business of moving freight becomes increasingly streamlined對(duì)應(yīng)，而且兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)effect和influence表達(dá)相同意義，因此可以選擇influences后面的trade(貿(mào)易)作為答案。而題干詞庫(kù)中正好有trade一詞，可以直接選擇答案G。第24題定位詞：computers, for instance, /overseas, rather than, local文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：E段：in Japan or Texaswill not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market.題目解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)法，此處要求填寫(xiě)一個(gè)名詞。而題干附近有一個(gè)很明顯的關(guān)鍵詞for instance，典型的舉例題，而且根據(jù)之前的computers就可以定位在E段，因?yàn)镋段核心是一個(gè)例子。之后就很容易地可以填出應(yīng)該是電腦的硬盤及divers。但是答案選項(xiàng)里面卻沒(méi)有，只能選擇相關(guān)的高一級(jí)的詞匯components。本題還有一個(gè)可以進(jìn)行定位和判斷的定位詞，就是通過(guò)24題空后面的rather than，繼續(xù)分析得出其比較兩者是overseas和local supplier，根據(jù)之前16題對(duì)于E段的了解，也可以直接定位到E段。第25題定位詞：introduction文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：G段：But, behind the scenes, a series of technological innovations known broadly as containerization and intermodal transportation has led to swift productivity improvements in cargohanding.題目解析：根據(jù)空格前面的introduction可以推出需要填寫(xiě)的是一種方法或者科研成果。而根據(jù)上下文和題目關(guān)系以及定位詞找到在G段第二句話中，有cargo-handling與之對(duì)應(yīng)。之后看到斜體字中即為兩種方法，集裝箱運(yùn)輸和多式聯(lián)運(yùn)，那么可以判斷innovations和introduction相對(duì)應(yīng)。而且答案應(yīng)該跟container有關(guān)，答案應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)C。第26題定位詞：governments文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：H段：National governments, by and large, kept a much firmer hand on truck and railroad tariffs than on charges for ocean freight.題目解析：用government可以快速定位在H段，而且根據(jù)題干中所涉及的domestic cargo sector可以和truck and railroad對(duì)應(yīng)，因此答案就在這句話中。通過(guò)分析，題目的空格應(yīng)該是填寫(xiě)“降低”的賓語(yǔ)。而國(guó)家應(yīng)該降低原文句中的tariffs(關(guān)稅)。因此答案選擇A。題目見(jiàn)：劍橋雅思6，第一套試題，閱讀部分Passage3。劍6Test1閱讀Passage3真題解析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)體裁 ：議論文主題 ：氣候變化與因紐特人結(jié)構(gòu)：A段：概述北極罕見(jiàn)事件敲響警鐘B段：因紐特人對(duì)于環(huán)境變化做出的反應(yīng)C段：艱苦惡劣的自然條件D段：生活必需品來(lái)源的替代品E段：安逸生活的負(fù)面影響F段：因紐特人對(duì)于環(huán)境的建議逐漸被考慮和重視G段：人們對(duì)于環(huán)境的認(rèn)識(shí)十分有限必背詞匯A段incident n.事件abstract adj.抽象的snowmobile n.雪地汽車shrink v.收縮thaw n.融雪ice-free adj.不凍的igloo n.圓頂建筑knock-on adj.連鎖的insulating adj.絕緣的precipitation n.降水permafrost n. 永久冰凍(永久凍土，永久凍地)canary n.金絲雀B段urgent adj.急迫的，緊要的，緊急的hard-won adj.難得的，來(lái)之不易的precarious a.不確定的；危險(xiǎn)的autonomy n.自治.自治權(quán)threat n.威脅lie in 在于content adj.滿足的combine v.結(jié)合stand back 退后(靠后站，不介入)ancestral a.祖先的，祖?zhèn)鞯腃段vast adj.廣闊的vanish v.消失polar adj.兩極的，極地的adapt to 適應(yīng)venture v.冒險(xiǎn)cope with 對(duì)付(應(yīng)付，克服)terrain n.地帶Thule n.古人相信存在于世界北端的國(guó)家，極北之地meagre adj.瘦的，不足的exploit v.開(kāi)發(fā)，開(kāi)拓kayak n.(愛(ài)斯基摩人用的)皮船mammal n.哺乳動(dòng)物sled n.雪撬D段descendant n.子孫，后代rely on 依賴，依靠harsh adj.艱苦的；苛刻的provision n.供應(yīng)品，必需品indigenous adj.本土的replace w