附 錄 附錄 A: 英文文獻與中文參考譯文 Automobile lamps adaptive development and reviewed in this paper With the development of the society and the continuous improvement of peoples living standard, people on the requirements of the car has not only confined to performance, cost, but more and more requirements modern car safer, more environmental protection and more human. Car manufacturers are using more security, more environmental protection, design is more elegant and more province oil advantages to attract users. And at the same time, the new car should also must comply with the latest regulation, this has led to a new technology to get the application. As the big three auto safety thing, automobile lighting systems is one of the main active safety device, to the traditional automobile lighting system improvement and innovation also has become a hot spot in the study of the world automobile manufacturers. Therefore, how to make automotive lighting, driving more intelligent safety, more comfortable will become a very urgent and has the important practical significance of the subject. The traditional automobile lighting system mainly by the headlamps system, lighting system, signal car lighting system composed of three. With the progress of science and technology, traditional lighting system also experienced rapid progress, the corresponding traffic regulations also more and more perfect, headlamps system has gone through a kerosene lamp from the original to incandescent lamp, halogen lamp to now discharge lamp of the development process, the signal from the first portable lighting system development now widely applied to a kerosene lamp LED lights, the car lighting system is more and more kinds, more and more humane. But the actual use of traditional headlamps system, there are many problems. For example, the existing in the light of the close on lighting effect is very bad, especially in the urban traffic is more complex, often have a lot of drivers in the evening nearly light, and front fog lamps entirely open headlights； Vehicles in turning the corner, there are also lighting dark areas, the serious influence the driver on the corners on the judgment of the obstacles； Vehicles driving on a rainy day, the ground water reflected the headlights, produce light reflected glare, and so on. According to statistics, about 50% of the night accident happened without lighting facilities of the dark road, road lighting the poor, the greater the likelihood of accident. The night accounted for 33.1% of the total number of accidents accident (although driving at night accounts for only 1/5 of the rate during the day). The death toll is about 50%, compared to 12.4% during the day, the death rate from the accident, and the night for 33, 7%. The night and high death rate from multiple accident, and the reason is the eyesight of the driver and the lower than about 1/2. In addition the rain and fog will also make vision loss, glass and dirty water before not only reduced vision, still can make the distance distortion, which must be the attention of the driver. European car lighting research institutions in the once a special investigation, the results showed that the most wants to improve the European drivers of the wet weather is the lighting of the water came in second, a rural road lighting, the next is in turn corners lighting, highway lighting and urban lighting. The above of these problems, make developing a DuoZhong lighting function with the lighting system become necessary, and the function of switching, for security reasons, and must be automatically, thus, adaptive lighting system (ALS) will emerge as The Times require. At present, our country of all motor vehicle testing lines are equipped with headlamps inspection instrument, many experts and scholars are many important is also discussed in the paper. But, through the test of a station exploits the year two thousand Taiwan client survey analysis, vehicle headlamps a total qualified by only 45%, and these qualified vehicles and most of all foreign imports of the vehicle. Is Cause the situation are the main reasons: (1) the car factory products do not meet the national standards, and many of the car factory in just when examination is not qualified, headlamps But others just a factory qualified, but cant use how long and then aging, poor durability. (2) the most vehicles have the lack of units and the unit testing conditions and means, in the headlamps for maintenance, adjust the inaccurate even will not be adjusted. (3) because some leadership and drivers are subjective safety, think in car headlamp is not safety testing is very important, as long as the car brake performance that can assure safety, so for lack of maintenance and maintenance, headlamps on schedule maintenance and replacement cannot. (4) for most of the testing station cant test results in a timely and accurate to inform owners in testing station, in the practice of the factory also cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Make a complete year after year while still driving. This is CheJian departments and testing station should be improved and self perfection in. Automobile lamps when regular testing unqualified has the following three conditions: (1) the luminous intensity enough； (2) the bad light distribution, main beam axis skewed a quantity to exceed bid； (3) above two kinds of circumstances exist. The influence factors of its own problems have vehicles, such as: battery electric power system cant deficit or charging, test power system should be in charge state； Wire corrosion； Tire pressure is insufficient； Tire model about different； Adjustment screws to adjust the improper； Glass chimney on the dirt and headlamps quality problem. Also have a plenty of testing lines light inspection instrument installation accuracy and precision is unqualified, such as: light meter guide levelness enough； Lines of the ground does not level off； When parking lights and the level of the instrument headlamp distance is not accurate； The longitudinal axis and inspection instrument vehicle guide not vertical； Instrument range is not accurate. These are caused by the unqualified headlamp factors, among which light inspection instrument because every year by special inspection agency calibration and qualified rear can use, therefore, the vehicle itself problem is the main reason. Vehicles unit, drivers and keep the repair personnel should be paid much attention to. Automobile lamps adaptive system to, corner sensor, abundant between front axle, control unit altitude sensor (ECU), and stepper motor of headlights. The basic principle is: when the automobile longitudinal swing, ECU acquisition sensor signal, through the internal control strategy, control the stepping motor rotation, thus promote headlamps turned the corresponding point of view, the main design to car longitudinal swing automobile lamps automatic adjust the Angle made drivers can have greater vision, reduce the drivers blind area, and avoiding risk, improve the security and stability of the car, this is very important. With more and more bright lights at night at the same time, improve visibility, how to avoid strong light onto the driveway, and to cause to car drivers of smooth shadow produces visual residual, losing the ability to identify and road conditions should be a body in a dangerous situation, so can effective improve the scope of the automotive lighting and Angle, is improve the night driving safety important issue. In addition to the steering wheel steering Angle according to the head lamp or so direction adjustment, reduce the parameters of the night vision blind Angle, but also must pay attention to the fluctuation level, because body vulnerable to load average or not is the way, ups and downs changes, resulting in body produce Angle, joint influence round the point of view of the project lamp. Pledge lamp too high, easy to make projection Angle to car drivers have dazzle light problem, when cast Angle is too low, the line of sight of driving itself could be a deficiency, or less than myself or others will be exposed to danger, so level (elevation Angle) control is necessary to maintain the stability of the lighting Angle. The head lamp level control from the early passive manual adjustment, half active into the present automatic type, half is active in a car the adjustment, automatic type is braking can also do real-time adjustments. Level automatically adjust the system based on the foundation of the original setting Angle, through the height difference sensors detect body under circumstances, calculate the light cast Angle offset, upwards or to adjust HID DengZu, maintain proper illuminate Angle. Advanced level automatically adjust the Angle projection system, will also make adjustment screw with speed. A high speed will further, in beam to real time see the greater distance road conditions, slow speed, lighting Angle to correction, avoid exposure to the driveway. Intelligent lamp is the lamp of the technology another development the mainstream. Adaptive headlights integrated operation speed, steering Angle and the degree of body forward has happened to adjust the parameters as the direction of the light source, so according to strictly can only be regarded as passively accept driver needs to adjust the lighting Angle, and active steering head lamp still had some differences. Released in 2008 and is expected to active the head lamp system, to receive more information to determine the appropriate again after the head lamp brightness and Angle projection, to the so-called active safety state. In addition to the existing wheel shaft height difference sensors, steering sensors, the electronic control unit can order early to drive system, adjust the lighting Angle and light type. 參考譯文： 汽車前照燈自適應發(fā)展綜述 隨著社會的發(fā)展和人們生活水平的不斷提高，人們對汽車的要求已不僅僅局限于性能，成本，而是越來越多的要求現代汽車更加安全，更加環(huán)保，更加人性化。汽車生產商們也正在用更安全、更環(huán)保、設計更精美以及更省油料等優(yōu)點來吸引用戶。而同時，新車款型也必須符合最新的規(guī)定，這 就導致了新技術不斷得到應用。作為汽車的三大安全件之一，汽車照明系統是最主要的主動式安全裝置，對傳統汽車照明系統的改進和創(chuàng)新也日益成為全世界汽車廠商研究的熱點問題。 因此，如何使汽車照明智能化，駕車更安全，更舒適就成為一個十分緊迫而又有重大現實意義的課題。傳統的汽車照明系統主要由前照燈系統，信號照明系統，車內照明系統三大部分組成。隨著科技的進步，傳統照明系統也經歷了長足的發(fā)展，相應的交通法規(guī)也越來越健全，前照燈系統就經歷了從最初的煤油燈到白熾燈，鹵素燈到現在的氣體放電燈的發(fā)展過程，信號照明系統從最初 的手提煤油燈發(fā)展到現在普遍應用的 LED 信號燈，車內照明系統更是種類越來越多，越來越人性化。但是實際的使用中，傳統的前照燈系統存在著諸多問題。例如，現有近光燈在近距離上的照明效果很不好，特別是在交通狀況比較復雜的市區(qū)，經常會有很多司機在晚上將近光燈、遠光燈和前霧燈統統打開；車輛在轉彎的時候也存在照明的暗區(qū)，嚴重影響了司機對彎道上障礙的判斷；車輛在雨天行駛的時候，地面積水反射前燈的光線，產生反射眩光等等。據統計，夜間事故中約有50發(fā)生在沒有照明設施的黑暗道路上，道路照明越差，事故發(fā)生的可能性就越大。夜間事故占 事故總數的 33 1 (雖然夜間出車率只占白天的 1 5)。死亡人數則為 50左右，對比致死率，白天事故為 12 4，而夜間為 33、 7。夜間事故多發(fā)和高的致死率，其原因就是駕駛員的視力與白天相比約降低 1 2。此外雨和霧也會使視力下降，前窗玻璃臟得和水滴不僅使視力降低，還會使距離感失真，必須引起駕駛員的注意。歐洲汽車照明研究機構曾經就此作過專項調查，結果顯示，歐洲司機們最希望改善的是陰雨天氣積水路面的照明，排在第二位的是鄉(xiāng)村公路的照明，接下來依次是彎道照明、高速公路照明和市區(qū)照明。上述這些問題的存在，就使得研制 一種具有多種照明功能的照明系統成為必要，并且這些功能的切換，出于安全上的考慮，必須是自動實現的，由此，自適應照明系統(ALS)也就應運而生了。 目前，我國所有的機動車檢測線都裝有前照燈檢驗儀，許多專家學者對此也做過許多重要的論述。但是，通過對哈市檢測一站的本年度二千臺受檢車輛進行調查分析，前照燈一檢總的合格僅為 45，而這些合格的車輛當中大多數又都是外國進口的車輛。造成這種局面的主要原因有：汽車制造廠的產品不符合國標標準，有許多剛剛出廠的汽車在檢驗時前照燈就是不合格的；也有的是剛出廠時合格，但用不 了多久就老化，耐久性差。大多數車輛保有單位和調修單位缺乏檢驗條件和手段，在對前照燈進行保養(yǎng)時，調整不準確甚至不予調整。由于一些領導和駕駛員缺乏主觀安全性，認為前照燈在汽車安全檢測中并不是非常重要的，只要汽車的制動性能好就可保證行車安全，因而對前照燈缺乏維護和保養(yǎng)，不能按期檢修和更換。對于大多數檢測站不能把檢測結果及時準確地通知車主，在檢測站內設置的調修廠也不能從根本上解決問題。使得在用車輛年復一年仍然帶病行駛。這是車檢部門和檢測站應該改進和自我完善之處。汽車前照燈定期檢驗時不合格