Class1 Preposterous absurd Contend argue or maintain assert contend that he was right Paradigm example pattern Sacrificial lamb Instill to impart gradually Purvey purveyor provide and supply food drink or other goods Syllabus 教學(xué)大綱 Verse poem poetry stanza 獨唱部 chorus 副歌 合唱 Intuition intuitive quick and ready insight immediate apprehension or cognition Articulate 清楚講出 Pump up to fill with enthusiam or excitement inflate increase Elevate raise lift up to make higher raise in rank or status improve morally intellectually raise the spirit of elate Mandatory obligatory Pedagogical of relating to or befitting a teacher or education Drone to make a sustained deep murmuring humming or buzzing sound Intimidate frighten Coraggio brave Why do we listen to classical music It helps people relax and relieve stress It helps people center the mind Classical music provide a vision of a better world A refuge of beauty or majesty of love Aim of the class Change your personality impart you the love of classical music Week 1 4 element of music rhythm melody and harmony Musical form Verse and chorus musical style melody rhythm beats Music process by the lobe temporal if memorize music by lobe frontal Music and language is processed in the same way as a gradual assimilation Beethoven Symphony No 5 and No 9 major and minor The major and minor chord the home pitch tonal key the conjunct and disjunct music the direction influence the our response to music The 2 dimensions of music the axle of music pitch and duration 音高和時值 Orchestra 管弦樂 brass 銅管樂器 percussion intrument 打擊樂器 timpani kettledrum 定 音鼓 Octave 八度音節(jié) interval 間隔間距 Dominant note 屬音 Beat unit dupe meter triple meter John Kander 約翰肯德爾 作品 芝加哥 bass in the music will help us find the meter Ritard 減慢 accelerando 漸速 modulation 轉(zhuǎn)調(diào) Class2 Prophet predictor Interior movement 室內(nèi)樂 Serenade 小夜曲 Parlance speech idiom Chef d oeuvre 名曲 Upbeat an increase in activity Versitile varible revisible 多才多藝的 多功能的 Realm kingdom sphere domain Homage respect tribute Cut to the chase 開門見山 3 piece of classical music Beethoven s Fifth Symphony Tchaikovsky s Piano Concerto No 1 Ritchar Strauss s Zarathustra Music genre symphony 4 movements which are independent and complementary A fast and opening movement a slower more lyrical second movement a third movement derived from dance forth movement fast and emphatic conclusion Concerto A soloist will confront the orchestra 3 movements Tone poem 1 movement to tell a story or history event Opera Sonata Ballet Cantata Melody motive and theme 弦樂演奏技法 pizzacato 撥奏 ornamenting 裝飾音 Instrument French horn make sound through a vibrating column of air patrials or the Harmonic series 泛音列 without hand but a twelve and a half foot length of vibrating air Trumpet Oboe Low tuba 低音號 Sousaphone 蘇薩大號 different overtones Woodwind intrument bassoon lowest tone use to show something funny Peter and the wolf Orchestra string family viola 中提琴 16 inches long 41cm violin 12 inches long 31cm a bow pull across the intrument which is made by horse hair from the tails of horses Strings are made out of cat or sheep gut in 16 17 and 18 century but now are medal Vibrato 揉弦 wig a little bit Pizzicato 撥奏 tremolo 碎弓 Tremolo 顫音 Drum Bass drum snare drum 小軍鼓 Modest Musorgsky 莫戴斯特 莫索爾斯基 picture at the exhibition 展覽會上的畫作 Polish Oxcart 波蘭牛車 crescendo 漸強(qiáng) Doppler priciple 多普勒原理 The lowest sound creates the longest sound wave and last longest lower sounds or lower frequency travel farer Ritchard Strauss Death and transfiguration a pendant to the Zarathustra Dissonance resolving to consonance Dissonance are irrational numbers and Consonance are rational Class3 Nitty gritty 事實真相 本質(zhì) Cadenza 華彩樂章 Superimpose 添加 雙重 Musical notation of western culture used in the art music has two advantages allows the composer to specify rather precisely what he or she wants allows us to preserve our work of art Musical notation is the first graph in Western culture Chuck Mangione Whole note 全音符 representations of duration Two half notes 4 quarter notes 8 8th notes Rests 休止符 A dot means 50 of the origin note Bars or measures 小節(jié) Clarinet 單簧管 Cole Porter 斗牛犬之歌 耶魯 Syncopation 切分音 Pick up 唱頭 4 ways to tell which is downbeat duration downbeat always long patterns of accoplishment range 音域 chord changes come on the downbeat Mozart No 40 Symphony g minor Symphony Maurice Ravel 莫里斯拉威爾 Bolero 波萊羅舞曲 Class4 Tempo accelerando 漸速 ritardando 漸慢 Rhythmic devices 節(jié)奏類型 syncopation 切分音 來自希臘語 Synkope means to cut short Scott Joplin 斯考特喬普林 Tripet 三連音 Musical Texture monophonic texture homophonic texture and polyphonic texture Polyphonic texture imitative polyphonic texture Imitative counterpoint 模仿式對位法 free counterpoint 自由對位 Louis Armstrong Syntax 句法 picture at an exhibition 展覽會上的畫作 Great gate of Kiev 基輔的城門 Mozart 1791 in 維也納 Requiem Mass 安魂彌撒曲 is a special kind of mass used for death and burial Dies irae The day of Wrath 天譴日 Apocalypse 啟示錄 Revelation Confutatis 羞愧無地 Lacrimosa dies illa 落淚之日 Class5 Ethnomusicologist 民族音樂學(xué)家 Melody shows in the top part of the texture Pitch notation goes back to the 9 century 10 century with 2 lines then up to 4 up to 5 and even 6 finally to 5 In 1000 AD The string is vibrating higher when it is exactly twice what the lower one is Octave duplication 重復(fù)八度 ABCDEFG Ravi Shankar 拉維香卡 sitar player 錫塔爾琴 印度曲式 raga 拉格 Nora Jones 諾拉瓊斯 布魯斯音節(jié) Erhu two string instrument Why 7 notes scale Date back to the Ancient Greek music theory Leimma 林馬半音 the scale is not equal Mixolydian 混合第利亞調(diào)式等等 16 17century Major and minor Sharp 升調(diào) flat 降調(diào) Tonic note 主音 leading note 導(dǎo)音 總是第七個音 Luciano Pavarotti slide leading note into tonic note Major happy bright optimistic Minor somber Klezmer music 猶太音樂被稱為克萊梅茲爾音樂 Chromatic mode add tension to music Conjunct melody 級進(jìn)旋律 1803 Beethoven Symphony No 9 1823 1824 finished Antecedent phrase 先行樂句 Disjunct melody 跳進(jìn)旋律 Class6 Pornography 色情 Drop dead 讓人窒息的 Enumerate 列舉 Palpitation 躁動不安 Antecedent and consequent 前置和后置 Macarena 瑪卡麗娜 Giacomo Puccini 吉雅卡摩 普契尼 Aria from Gianni Schicchi Cadence Deceptive cadence 假中止 authentic cadence 正格中止 Amen cadence 變格中止 Richard Wagner 理查德 瓦格納 Tristan and Isolde 特里斯坦和伊索爾德 1865 Tristan is a English Knight Isolde is an Irish princess It is Tristan s job to bring Isolde to marry King Mark Liebestod Death of love Melodic sequence 旋律模進(jìn) is the repetition of a musical motive at a successively higher or lower degree of the scale Dynamic tempo consequence dissonance Tessitura 音域 1786 The Marriage of Figaro aria Voi che sapete 你可知道什么是愛情 Cherubino 凱盧比諾 Trouser role 女扮男裝 Class7 Ipso facto 事實上 Harmony has two things Chord the fundamental is triad 三和弦 Sub dominant Dominant tonic Arpeggio 琶音 豎琴 Alberti bass 阿貝低音 1535 Boogie woogie bass 布基伍基低音 take octave and roll it Major and minor thirds J S Bach Well tempered clavier book Franz Liszt 弗朗茲 李斯特 The moonlight sonata of Beethoven U2 Love is blindness Ostinato Ostinare 固定音型 Occam s razor 奧卡姆剃須刀原則 The concept of key and modulation 調(diào)性和變調(diào) Class8 Obfuscate darken confuse CEG C is the root of the triad Chord Progression CEG EGC chord inversion 轉(zhuǎn)位和弦 Wagner Composer use the rate of harmonic change to give us a sense of what this music is all about G minor Symphony from Mozart The rate of harmonic changes faster and highly irregular Beethoven Pastrol Symphony doing just the opposite Root position chord 原位和弦 What s the difference between Classical music and pop music The pop music tends to have simpler harmonies and those harmonies tend to be more repetitious and they tend to have chords in root position and often the chords are triads The classical music tends to have more complex chords Pop music tends to have the vocal part Pop music is short In classical music you can have rather wide mood swings Whereas in pop music one song only has a single ethos or a single feeling Accoustical instruments verus electrified sound sent to mixer or perhaps a synthesizer I chord IV chord V chord and to a I chord I VI IV V I Mozart Symphony No 5 in B flat has the same base line with Duke of Earl 厄爾公爵 Gioachino Rossini 阿基諾 羅西尼 Absolute pitch 絕對音高 Pachelbel bass pattern 帕赫貝爾低音模式 Class9 Metaphor 比喻 Be inclined to do 傾向于 Presuppose 預(yù)示 Paramours 情婦情夫 Succinct 簡要的 Assert posit postulate Woodpecker 啄木鳥 Pernicious deadly Lurk to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose b to move furtively or inconspicuously c to persist in staying Sine qua non something absolutely indispensable or essential 必要因素 Interpretation explanation Musical form 音樂曲式 Verse and chorus 主歌和副歌 strophe and refrain 主句和疊句 Baroque ostinato 巴洛克固定低音 Lament bass 哀嘆低音 Distinction of genre in music and form in music Genre Symphony String Quartet Concerto Ballet opera Symphony has four movements Fast slow minuet or scherzo 諧謔曲 final fast String Quartet Fast slow minuet or scherzo 諧謔曲 final fast Sonata fast slow fast Concerto fast slow fast Six Models ternary form sonata allegro form theme and variations 主題變奏曲 rando 回 旋曲 fugue 賦格 and ostinato 固定低音 Minuet or scherzo is always ternary form Ternary Form Presentation diversion re presentation statement disgression restatement The major key is always three half steps higher its paired minor Sonata allegro form exposition 呈示部 development 展開部 recapitulation 再現(xiàn)部 Exposition I theme Tonic key transition change key bridge moving to the dominant key II theme closing theme conclusion between dominant and tonic and end in tonic If it starts in minor it will modulate not to the dominant but to the relative major Development characterized by tonal instability in the most polyphonic texture there is a lot of counterpoint 對位 Recapitulation I theme and tonic key sit on one dominant chord the bridge stays in the tonic sometimes the end is here coda static harmonically V and I coda comes from the latin word cauda Italian word coda means tail The other optional component is introduction Mozart s Eine kleine Nachtmusik a little night music 弦樂小夜曲 Unison identity in musical pitch Beethoveen s Fifth Symphony Leonard Bernstein Bernard Haitink Diminish triad 減三和弦 2 minor third more dissonant 4 note 2 note 1 note 1 octave Classs10 Adventitious 非同源 Rhetorical 修辭的 Monotonous 單調(diào) Cascade down 層層向下 Sledgehammer 大錘 Virginity 貞操 Deviate from 偏離 Hardcore science 基礎(chǔ)科學(xué) Concert master 首席 Staccato 斷奏 Verse and chorus Verse has different lyric but the chorus just repeat the lyric Sonata allegro form is first used by Joseph Haydn Thematic transitional developmental and cadential 終止性的 music Theme and variation form dates back to the Middle Ages often has a patrotic 愛國的 themes God save the King Charles Ives Variations on America 查爾斯 艾夫斯 美國變奏曲 Walking bass 行進(jìn)低音 Corelli s tune and bass La Folia 坎修 耶魯交響樂團(tuán)小提琴首席 Class11 Prototypical 模范 典型 Be obsessed with 受困擾 Permutation 序列 排列 Primordial 原始的 初發(fā)的 原始的 primeval Palindromic 回文 Marriage of Figaro s overture Johannes Brahms One of the three Bs Bach and Beethoveen 4 Symphonies two piano concertos a violin concerto many overtures many songs much great chamber music 室內(nèi)樂 Antecedent 前置句 Consequent 后置句 Extension 擴(kuò)展句 Consequent 后置句 What s the meter Is it major or minor What s the mode What s the bass doing Pedal point 踏板音 持續(xù)音 Oboe 雙簧管 12 34 56Hemiola 希米奧拉節(jié)奏 Ostinato 固定音型 Rondo English call it rondo form French call it Rondeau Italian call it Ritornello Vivaldi 維瓦爾第 Spring Concerto Horn concerto by Mozart Class12 Encapsulated 囊括 總結(jié) Romp 無憂無慮 快活 Hymn 贊美詩 頌歌 Subvert 顛覆 countermand Pinnacle 頂峰 Lynchpin 關(guān)鍵 Repertoire 全部節(jié)目 Zillion 龐大無法計算的數(shù)字 Providence 天道 天意 Hubris 傲慢 Rehearsal 排練 Mantra 頌歌 咒語 roughshod 鐵蹄上裝有防滑釘?shù)?gruffly 粗聲的 Critic How well did the performance go Leisurely embrace of the countryside What is it take to be a good conductor Conservatiive safe tempo Sectional 聲部合演 Fret 回文裝飾 Class13 Paradigm 樣式 范例 Indicative 指示的 象征的 Foreground 前景 突出的地方 顯著的位置 Heyday 最繁榮的時期 Simultaneously 同時地 Intricacy 復(fù)雜 Dwell on 詳述 Gambit 開局讓棋法 詭計 策略 Gamut 全音階 Dandy 1 a man who gives exaggerated attention to personal appearance 2 something excellent in its class Sonorous 感人的 堂皇的 圓潤低沉的 Resurrect 復(fù)興 復(fù)活 Freestanding 獨立的 Choerography 編舞 Consummate 使結(jié)束 使完美 完婚 完美的 Nifty 俏皮的 Fugue 賦格 Come from the old Latin word fuga which means flight or to fly One voice 聲部 leading ahead and another voice following it J S Bach The well tempered clavier 平均律鋼琴曲集 鍵盤樂上的圣經(jīng) Fugue has its heyday in the Baroque period 1600 1750 the heyday of Bach and Handel Round 輪唱 Canon 卡農(nóng) one voice imitating the other exactly from the beginning to end After the subject 主題 Exposition 呈示部 all voices present the subjuct Episode 插句 tends to be contrapuntal 對位的 like the development in sonata allegero form Ends with a strong affirmation of the tonic key Polyphony non imitative texture imitative texture Canon Fugue Alto 中音 Soprano 高音 bass 低音 tenor 次中音 Invertible counterpoint 復(fù)對位 Picardy third 皮卡迪三度 from old French picart J S Bach is the greatist organ virtuoso 藝術(shù)大師 Clavierchord 古鋼琴 harpsichord 羽管鍵琴 大鍵琴 Pedal point 持續(xù)音 Double bass 低音提琴 pizzicato 撥弦 pluck Segue 繼續(xù) 演奏 Fugato 賦風(fēng)曲 Musical often try out in New Haven Bernstein Prelude fugue and Jazz Riff 即興重復(fù) Saxophones 薩克斯管 baritone 上低音 男中音 Double Fugue 雙重賦格 Stretto 疊奏 Music Offering 音樂的奉獻(xiàn) Bach Class14 Bludgeon 1 a short stick that usually has one thick or loaded end and is used as a weapon 2 something used to attack or bully Lento at a slow tempo Hoorey 萬歲 Orchestration 編曲 Curtain raiser 拉開序幕 Embedded in 存在于 Churn away to stir or agitate violently Vernacular 當(dāng)?shù)卦?Ditch to get rid of DISCARD ditch an old car b to end association with LEAVE ditched school his girlfriend ditched him Moniker 名字 綽號 Lamentation 悲嘆 哀悼 Xerox 復(fù)印 影印 Jumble 混沌 Indistinctive 難以區(qū)分的 Grind away underneath Eroica Symphony 英雄交響曲 finale 終曲 Treble the highest voice part in harmonic music SOPRANO Call and response idea 漁樵問答方式 Retardanto slow down Augmentation 主題延長 double the note value Hector Berlioz 柏遼茲 Diminution 主題縮減 chop all in half Ostinato 固定音型 最后一種 music form Obsessive compulsive disorder applied to music 音樂上的強(qiáng)迫癥 形容固定音型 Maurice Ravel 拉威爾 Bolero 波萊羅舞曲 1928 The heyday of ostinato form is in two periods in the history of music one in the Baroque and two is right now Tetrachord 四度音節(jié) Ostinato is often used in bass Passacaglia 帕薩卡里亞舞曲 Basso Ostinato 固定低音 Henry Purcell 亨利 普賽爾 English composer at the end of 17th century Dido and Aeneas 狄多和埃涅阿斯 Dido s Lament 狄多的悲歌 At the end of opera the soprano s got to die Traviata 茶花女 Violetta 維奧萊塔 Tosca 托斯卡 Vibrato 顫音 Baroque tuning has lower pitch and non vibrato singing The more people the slower the tempo Monteverdi s Lamento della Ninfa 寧芙女神的悲歌 Bach s Cantata 巴赫的康塔塔 BWV12 為悲哀流淚 Weinen Klagen Sorgen Zagen Bach s Crucifixus in B Minor Mass Crucifixion 在十字架上釘死 耶穌受難像 Sorry is the saddest thing to say Lament bass Pachelbel bass 帕赫貝爾低音 Pachelbel Canon 巴哈貝爾卡農(nóng) You will never hear canon in Pachelbel Canon Taco Bell Canon 塔克貝爾卡農(nóng) Vitamine C Class15 Chant 吟誦 詠唱 Nudity 裸體 赤裸 Theologian 宗教研究家 神學(xué)家 Stucco 粉飾灰泥 Impel 推動 推進(jìn)或敦促某人做某事 Sermon 布道 說教 Contemplation 深思 Sequester 隔絕的 sequestered 僻靜的 Monastery 修道院 男 Convent or nunnery 女修道院 Enjoin 命令 Salvation 拯救 靈魂 救贖 Denominational 受教派控制的 Clergy 牧師 Perplex 一頭霧水 Transpire 發(fā)生 泄露 Pristine 本來的 原本的 未受破壞的 Botany 植物學(xué) Peek in 偷窺 Phantasmagoria 一連串夢幻的景象 Slay 殺死 殺戮 Trample 踩 踏 Honeysuckle 忍冬 金銀花 Lilac 丁香花 淡紫色的 Rebirth resurgence Platinum 白金 鉑 The Angel Records 天使唱片公司 Knockoff 仿制品 Etymological 語源學(xué)的 Esoteric 神秘的 copes 斗篷式長袍 法衣 Medieval Renaissance Baroque Classical Romantic Impressionist Modernism Post Modernist Begin with Gregorian chant 格里高麗亞圣歌 talking about traditional music of Roman Catholic Church Gregorian chant is monophonic one line music Exist from the time of the earliest church fathers up until the time of the Council of Trent 特倫托會議 Conclave 秘密會議 紅衣 主教團(tuán) Held in the northern Intalian town of Trento Italy from 1545 to 1563 Gregorian chant named after Gregory the Great has nothing to do with Gregoy Two functions of Gregorian chant communicate the message of the church it allowed for the transmission of the word of God it also transmitted the theology the message of the church The second function allowed for a period of reflection upon the subject of the preceding reading Melismatic 花唱 指歌詞一個音節(jié)配以一組音 Simple chanting for reading syllabic chant 音節(jié)式圣歌 More complex chant for moment of personal feeling and reflection Melismatic chant 花腔式圣歌 Liber Usualis 常用歌集 Alleluia 哈利路亞 The highest order is the Benedictine Order by Benedict of Nursia near Rome about 5th Common Era Pray Sing chant read scripture Canonical Hours 禱告時刻Canon in Latin literally means rule 4 o clock in the morning called Matins 晨禱 Celebrate Lauds 晨經(jīng) 贊美經(jīng) 贊美課 at daybreak End with Vespers 晚禱 晚課 and Compline 晚禱 9 o clock in the morning at the high altar 圣壇 of the church Solesmes 索雷姆 the most authentic Benedict Abbot 男修道院院長 神父 acolyte 侍僧 The washing of the hands is the traditional gesture by the Benedictines of hospitality Cloche clock in medieval French Ora Hour in Latin means to pray Orazio prayer Refectory 修道院 學(xué)校的食堂 餐廳 The daily timetable of worship was kept but the idea of eating and sleeping together was abandoned Cathedral 主教區(qū) 總教堂 Chartres 沙特爾大教堂 Stained Glass 玫瑰窗 Crypt 教堂地下室 1020 Fulbertus 福伯圖絲 marginalized 邊緣化的 Hildegard of Bingen 賓根的希爾德加德 12th century a polymath 博學(xué)者 O Greenest Branch Chant is similar to the so called New Age music It is non confrontational non assertive non authoritarian allowed you to comtemplate Early Polyphony Multi voice Music Organum 平行復(fù)音 first created in the great urban Gothic Cathedrals of France particularly at Notre Dame of Paris 巴黎圣母院 All organum is built above the pre existing Gregorian chant Tenor teneo I hold or tenir in mordern French means to hold Renaissance and Rome specifically to the Sistine Chapel 西斯廷教堂 the most famous church in the late 15th and early 16th centuries the core of the Renaissance It is the privaty chapel of the pope 羅馬教皇 Michelangelo 米開朗基羅 was involved in the design of St Peter s Sistine Chapel was constructed in 1477 during the region of Pop Sixtus IV hence the name Sistine Chapel Sixtus Sistine is 132 feet long 45 feet wide The famous ceiling of Michelangelo is sevety feet off the floor 1530s Michelangel